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    Die Material

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    pragati
    This document provides an overview of die materials used in dentistry. It defines a die as a positive reproduction of a prepared tooth used to fabricate fixed dental prosthetics. Ideal properties of die materials include durability, accuracy, strength, and resistance to abrasion. Common die materials discussed include gypsum, resins, silicophosphate cement, flexible materials, and electroplated metals. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and provides recommendations for their appropriate uses.

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    Die Material

    Uploaded by

    pragati
    688 views44 pages
    This document provides an overview of die materials used in dentistry. It defines a die as a positive reproduction of a prepared tooth used to fabricate fixed dental prosthetics. Ideal properties of die materials include durability, accuracy, strength, and resistance to abrasion. Common die materials discussed include gypsum, resins, silicophosphate cement, flexible materials, and electroplated metals. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and provides recommendations for their appropriate uses.

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    most commonly used material. includes properties types fabrication its advantages and disadvantages

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    This document provides an overview of die materials used in dentistry. It defines a die as a positive reproduction of a prepared tooth used to fabricate fixed dental prosthetics. Ideal properties of die materials include durability, accuracy, strength, and resistance to abrasion. Common die materials discussed include gypsum, resins, silicophosphate cement, flexible materials, and electroplated metals. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and provides recommendations for their appropriate uses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    688 views44 pages

    Die Material

    Uploaded by

    pragati
    This document provides an overview of die materials used in dentistry. It defines a die as a positive reproduction of a prepared tooth used to fabricate fixed dental prosthetics. Ideal properties of die materials include durability, accuracy, strength, and resistance to abrasion. Common die materials discussed include gypsum, resins, silicophosphate cement, flexible materials, and electroplated metals. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and provides recommendations for their appropriate uses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 44

    DIE MATERIALS

    Presented by
    Pragati sharma

    Guided By :
    Dr Ashistaru Saha
    Dr Tushar Tanwani
    Dr Pranay Mahaseth
    Dr Anupam Purwar
    Dr Ankita Piplani
    1

    CONTENTS
    Introduction
    Definitions
    Ideal

    requirements of die materials


    Die materials
    Types
    Conclusion

    References

    Shillingberg Die is a model of individual


    prepared tooth on which margins of wax
    pattern are finished.
    GPT-8

    Die is a positive reproduction of


    the form of a prepared tooth in any
    suitable substance.
    4

    REQUIREMENTS FOR A DIE

    All surfaces must be accurately


    duplicated and no bubbles or voids
    can be accepted

    Precise reproduction of tooth surface

    Adequate access to margins


    5

    IDEAL PROPERTIES OF DIE MATERIALS


    Die materials used for the fabrication of
    fixed prosthesis should be:
    Durable
    Stable
    Dimensionally accurate
    Show good reproduction of details.
    Cost effective
    Ease of manipulation
    Compatible with various impression
    materials.
    The ability to resist abrasion.
    Good color contrast
    Good strength and hardness.

    Die materials has been classified as

    GYPSUM-

    NON GYPSUM1. RESIN- EPOXY RESIN,

    TYPE IV AND
    TYPE V

    Auto-polymerizing acrylic
    2.
    3.

    CEMENT SILICOPHOSPHATE
    FLEXIBLE DIE MATERIAL

    4.
    5.

    CERAMIC DIES
    ELECTROPLATED DIES

    6.

    SILVER PLATED
    COPPER PLATED
    AMALGAM
    7

    Die materials has also been


    classified as:
    METALLIC:

    NONMETALLIC

    1. ELECTROPLATED DIES
    SILVER PLATED

    1.GYPSUM -TYPE IV AND TYPE


    V
    2. RESINEPOXY RESIN,
    POLYURETHANE
    3.CEMENT
    SILICOPHOSPHATE
    4.FLEXIBLE DIE MATERIAL
    5.CERAMIC DIES

    COPPER PLATED
    2. AMALGAM

    Type IV & Type V


    Advantages
    compatible with all impression materials.
    Dimensional accuracy and stability are good.
    Produces consistent results.
    Easy to use.
    Susceptibility to abrasion
    Type V < Type IV Gypsum die.

    10

    DIE STONE

    11

    THE CHIEF DISADVANTAGE OF THE TYPE IV


    GYPSUM

    Die is its susceptibility to abrasion during


    carving of the wax pattern.

    Gypsum dies are modified to make them more


    abrasion resistant

    12

    MAKE THEM MORE ABRASION RESISTANT


    1. GYPSUM HARDENERS: aqueous colloidal
    silica or soluble resin solutions.

    2. To impregnate the surface of


    the die with low viscosity resin

    13

    DIE STONE AND INVESTMENT COMBINATION


    (DIVESTMENT)

    Commercial
    available
    gypsum
    investment
    material

    Colloidal
    silica

    Entire
    assembly = die
    +pattern
    invested in
    divestment

    Die is
    made

    Wax
    pattern is
    fabricated
    14

    - A solution of 10% polystyrene in amyl acetate can be painted on to surface


    -Wetting agents such as lignosulphonates.
    -Incorporation of gum arabic and calcium hydroxide .

    15

    RESINS

    Resins are used to


    overcome the low
    strength and
    abrasion
    resistance of the die
    stone.
    Mostly available
    resin die materials
    are epoxy resins.
    Polyurethane is also

    16

    COMPOSITION:
    2 component system
    RESIN
    HARDENER (Polyamine)
    Working time 15mins
    Setting time is 1-12 hours
    17

    Advantage:
    1. abrasion resistance >>gypsum.
    2. High strength
    Disadvantage:
    1.More expensive
    2.Undergoes some shrinkage during
    polymerization.
    3. time consuming complex procedure.
    4. not compatible with polysulfide or
    hydrocolloid.
    18

    mparison of Gypsum and Epoxy Materials

    PROPERTY

    GYPSUM

    EPOXY

    Abrasion resistance Poor

    Good

    Ease of use

    Easy

    Moderately difficult

    Time required

    Minimal

    Several hours

    Equipment required Minimal

    Minimal

    Harmful chemicals

    Some (allergy)

    None

    Compatibility with
    Excellent
    impression materials

    Limited

    Dimensional change Slight expansion

    contraction

    Accuracy

    Good

    Good

    19

    Auto-polymerising acrylic

    Although self-cure acrylic polymers are often


    recommended for use as die materials,
    Disadvantages.

    heat of reaction.

    large% of monomer and the resultant


    volumetric contraction.

    20

    SILICO PHOSPHATE CEMENT:


    consists of a combination of ZnPO4
    and silicate cement.
    a)

    Powder ZnO
    MgO-10%

    b)

    Liquid An aqueous solution of


    H3PO4 -30 to 40% water.

    21

    Advantages :
    Harder than die stone

    Disadvantage
    Shrinkage on setting

    brittle material

    22

    FLEXIBLE DIE MATERIAL:

    similar to heavy-bodied silicone or


    polyether impression materials

    Application

    provisional restorations

    Advantages

    More rapidly setting

    Ease of removal of the provisional


    restoration or inlay..

    23

    Comparison of the surface


    detail reproduction of flexible
    die material systems.

    JPD 1998 Oct; Vol 80 No:4


    pp: 485-9

    Impregum F die materials with


    Extrude light impression material
    produced better surface detail
    reproduction than the control dies..

    24

    25

    CERAMIC DIES:

    Two
    ceramic
    available :

    die

    materials

    are

    a) one with out the platinum foil - To

    form the dies heating to over 1000 0C


    is necessary.
    b) Other is ceramic which is in putty

    consistency Fired at 6000C for 8


    minutes to produce a hard strong die.
    26

    Properties:
    * Extremely abrasion resistant;
    * Some shrinkage on firing.
    Application :
    The production of dies for porcelain
    inlays, onlays and veneers.

    27

    AMALGAM :

    Silver-tin or copper amalgam may be


    packed into rigid impression materials
    such as compound.

    ADVANTAGES

    Dimensional Accuracy is good.

    DISADVANTAGES

    - delay of 10-12 hours


    28

    Metal sprayed die

    Bismuth tin alloy

    29

    ELECTROPLATED DIES
    Jacobe in 1934 first used it and
    Wajna in 1937 applied it in dentistry.
    copper-plated compound dies began
    followed by the
    Silver-plated dies
    30

    The metal die that are produced


    from electroplated impression
    materials have -

    High strength
    Hardness and
    Abrasion resistance

    31

    CU PLATED DIES

    COMPOSITION OF SOLUTION FOR


    COPPERPLATING BATHS
    Copper Sulphate (crystals)
    H2SO4 (conc)
    Phenol Sulfonic Acid
    Water Distilled

    - 200gms
    - 30ml
    - 2ml
    - 1000ml

    32

    Ag PLATED DIES

    COMPOSITION OF THE SOLUTION


    Silver cyanide
    Potassium cyanide
    Potassium carbonate
    Water (distilled)

    - 36gm
    - 60gm
    - 45gm
    -1000ml

    33

    ELECTROPLATING APPARATUS

    C
    B

    A
    A
    B
    C

    Impression (cathode)
    Silver bar (anode)
    DC power supply
    34

    Final impression after


    cleaning and drying

    METALLIZING
    Cathod wire is inserted in
    the
    metallized area of the
    impression
    35

    Impression is connected to
    electrical source and submerged
    in plating solution

    36

    Electroplated impression

    Silverplated cast

    37

    Compatibility of cast or die materials with impression


    materials
    Cast or die material

    Impression material

    Gypsum product

    Compound
    Zinc oxide eugenol
    hydrocolloids,
    Polysulfide rubber base
    Silicone (all types) rubber base
    Polyether rubber base.

    Electroplated copper

    Compound
    Silicone (addition) rubber base.

    Electroplated silver

    Polysulfide rubber base


    Silicone .

    Epoxy resin

    All except
    materials.

    polyether,

    aqueous

    impression
    38

    Compatibility of Type IV Dental


    Stones with polysulfide Impression
    Materials
    Journal of Prosthodontics,Vol
    I, No 1 (September),1992:pp 32-36

    - many combinations of polysulfide


    impression materials and modified type IV
    dental stones did not reproduce the 20-um
    line;

    therefore, not every polysulfide is


    compatible with every type IV dental
    stone.
    39

    Study of the physical properties of type IV


    gypsum, resin-containing and epoxy die materials
    .
    JPD
    2000 Apr; 83 (4): 466-73.

    All
    gypsum
    products
    expanded,
    whereas the epoxy resin material
    contracted during setting.
    The epoxy resin exhibited much better
    detail reproduction, abrasion resistance
    and transverse strength than the gypsum
    materials.
    40

    Conclusion
    Advantages

    Disadvantage Recommended
    s
    use

    Precautions

    ADA
    1)Dimensional
    type IV accuracy
    stone
    2)Straight forward
    technique
    3)Low cost

    1)Will be
    Most situations
    damaged if not
    handled
    carefully
    2)Lower
    abrasion
    resistance

    1)Accurate
    proportioning
    essential
    2) Vacuum
    mix
    recommended

    ADA
    type V
    stone

    1) Increased
    expansion

    1)Accurate
    proportioning
    essential
    2)Vacuum mix
    recommended

    1) Straight forward
    technique
    2) Low cost
    3)Harder than type IV

    Most situations

    41

    Advantages

    Epoxy
    resin

    1) High strength
    2) Good
    abrasion
    resistance

    Electrop 1) High strength


    lating
    2) Good
    abrasion
    resistance

    Disadvantages

    Recommende
    d use

    Precaution
    s

    1) Polymerization
    shrinkage

    Complete
    ceramic
    2) Time consuming crowns
    complex procedure

    Not
    compatible
    with
    polysulfide
    and
    hydrocolloi
    d

    1) Time consuming Complete


    ceramic
    2) Special
    equipment needed crowns

    Silver uses
    toxic
    cyanide.
    Incompatibl
    e with many
    impression
    materials.
    42

    Ranking materials by the ability of an


    impression die combination to
    reproduce surface detailEpoxy dies are best for
    reproducing detail (10um).
    High strength stone dies (20um).

    43

    REFERENCES
    1.Restorative dental materials Robert, G. Craig and John H.
    Powers, 12th Edition.
    2.Anusavice - Phillips Sciences of Dental materials, 11th Edition.
    3.Contemporary fixed prosthodontics Stephen F. Rosenstiel
    3rd Edition.
    4.JPD 1998 Oct; Vol 80 No. 4 pp: 485-9.
    5.JPD 2000 Mar; Vol 83 No. 3 pp: 301-5.
    6. Compatibility of Type IV Dental Stones with polysulfide
    Impression Materials Journal of Prosthodontics,Vol I, No 1
    (September),1992:pp 32-36
    44

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