7-2011 Benzene Awareness PPT - 01

Benzene
Awareness
NSTC-19
Course Overview
lntroductions
Yasref Refinery
Ijaz Hussain Safety Advisor
Administration and
Safety
Emergency Procedures
Restrooms/Breaks/Smoking
Safety Minute
Goal
To provide employees with the knowledge to recognize
a benzene exposure hazard and the appropriate control
measures in areas where there are materials that
contain benzene.
Objectives
Describe the characteristics of benzene
Describe the health effects from benzene exposure
Identify potential locations where benzene may be
found
Recognize and describe the control measures and
PPE that will protect against benzene exposure
Describe employer and employee responsibilities
for protecting against the hazards of benzene
exposure
Standards and Terms
Benzene Standards
Benzene is regulated by OSHA under 29 CFR

1910.1028.
YASREF will follow standards which meet or
exceed the OSHA standard.
29 CFR 1910.1028 (b)
Benzene Terms
Benzene is a liquefied or gaseous chemical with

the formula C6H6.
A regulated area is any area where airborne
concentrations of benzene exceed permissible
exposure limits (PEL).
An authorized person is any person specifically
authorized by the employer whose duties require
the person to enter a regulated area where
benzene may be present.
29 CFR 1910.10 28 (b)
Exposure Terms
10
Employee exposure is the exposure to airborne

benzene which would occur if the employee were
not using respiratory protective equipment.
Action level is an airborne concentration of
benzene of 0.5 ppm calculated as an 8 hr. timeweighted average (TWA).
Site specific requirements for exposure limits and
action levels may be more stringent at some
locations.
29 CFR 1910.10 28 (b)
What Is Benzene?
11
Benzene Molecule
Simplest member of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Molecular structure: 6 carbon atoms and 6
hydrogen atoms.
Formula: C6 H6
Hydrocarbon molecule with alternating single and
double bonds.
12
Benzene Characteristics
Colorless to light yellow when in the liquid state; has a
pleasant, sweet odor
Toxic as a liquid or gas; not soluble in water
Odor does not provide adequate warning of its hazard
Vapor is heavier than air and may spread long
distances to some distant source of ignition
Extremely flammable; flash point: 12 F.
Solid below 42 F.
Reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials
29 CFR 1910.10 28 , Appendix
A, I
13
Where Benzene is can

be Found on Yasref
Crude oil (0.5-3% by weight)
Diesel fuel (0.1-0.5% by weight)
NGLs (Natural gas liquids)
Various gas streams
Degreasing products
Produced water
Automotive sources
Adhesive coatings and paint
14
Workers Who May

Be at Risk
Production and transfer operations employees
Camp maintenance and custodial staff
Tank and pipeline cleaners
Electricians, plumbers, and HVAC technicians
15
Health Effects
16
How Benzene
Enters the Body
17
Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Injection
29 CFR 1910.10 28 , Appendix A, I
Acute Health Effects

Drowsiness
Dizziness and headaches
Skin irritation and dermatitis
Vomiting/sickness and a feeling of intoxication
loss of consciousness
Death may occur at concentrations equal to or
greater than 10,000 ppm.
29 CFR 1910.10 28 Appendix A , II
18
Chronic Health Effects

Carcinogenic; affects the blood-making tissues of
the body to include bone marrow abnormalities,
anemia, and other blood cell abnormalities
Can cause leukemia, multiple myeloma, and
subsequent death in workers who are exposed to
benzene for extended periods of time
Myeloma is cancer of the plasma cells. Plasma
cells are white blood cells that produce diseaseand infection-fighting antibodies in your body.
29 CFR 1910.10 28 Appendix A , II
19
Hazard Detection and

Control
20
Benzene Detection
21
Sometimes benzene can be detected by its

odor (34119 ppm) but it is not a reliable
indicator.
Measurements should be obtained by using
benzene detecting badges, charcoal tubes,
and gas chromatographs.
Benzene Gas Detector
Gas Chip
Detector
Gas Tube
Detector with Hand
Pump
OSHA Exposure Limits

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is 1.0 ppm for an
8 hour day and 0.67 for a 12 hour day
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is 5.0 ppm for
any 15 minute period during the day with 60
minutes between exposures and no more than 4
exposures in an 8 hour day.
The Action Level is 0.5 ppm for an 8 hour day.
Company standards may be more stringent than
the OSHA standard ( e.g. BP Alaska action level is
0.3)
29 CFR 1910.10 28 (b-c)
22
Engineering Controls
Personal enclosure
Control of process conditions
Mechanical ventilation (dilution and
exhaust)
Remote or automated operation
Leak detection and repair systems
23
Administrative Controls
MSDS
Signs and properly labeled containers
Periodic monitoring and notification of employees
about exposure levels
Limiting exposure to the chemical
Following company rules and policies
Training
24
Signs
25
Signs shall be posted at the entrance to regulated areas

DANGER
BENZENE
CANCER HAZARD
FLAMMABLE NO SMOKING
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
RESPIRATOR REQUIRED
29 CFR 1910.10 28 (j) (1)

(i)
Labels
26
Benzene containers shall be properly

labeled
There is no requirement to label pipes.
29 CFR 1910.10 28 (j) (1) (ii)
Personal Protective
Equipment
Respiratory Protection
Air purifying half mask to 6.7 ppm
Air purifying full face mask to 33 ppm
SCBA or supplied air w/escape pack above 33 ppm
Eye / Skin Protection

Chemical safety goggles
Face shield
Nitrile gloves for crude oil & viton for NGLs
Aprons, protective clothing and footwear
27
First Aid
Call for help.
If eyes or skin are exposed, immediately flush with
large amounts of water for 15 minutes.
Clothing should be changed if it becomes benzene
saturated.
If the victim has inhaled benzene and is not
breathing, a qualified person should give CPR.
In all cases, get medical attention.
28
Compliance Program
29
Employer
Responsibilities
30
If exposures are over the PEL, the employer must

establish and implement a written compliance
program to include:
A schedule for development and implementation of
engineering controls and work practices.
Initial and periodic monitoring.
Employee notification of monitoring results.
Medical surveillance program.
Information and training about benzene at the time of the
initial work assignment.
Respiratory protection training.
29 CFR 1910.10 28 (j) ((1) (ii)
Employee
Responsibilities
31
Read and follow procedures for the recognition and

control of benzene.
Mitigate recognized hazards.
Use the proper PPE when entering a regulated area.
Report any emergencies.
29 CFR 1910.10 28 (j) ((1) (ii)

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How is benzene characterized?

How is benzene characterized?

What health effects can result from benzene exposure?

What health effects can result from benzene exposure?

Benzene

Standards and Terms

Benzene is regulated by OSHA under 29 CFR

29 CFR 1910.1028 (b)

Benzene is a liquefied or gaseous chemical with

Employee exposure is the exposure to airborne

Where Benzene is can

Workers Who May

29 CFR 1910.10 28 , Appendix A, I

Acute Health Effects

29 CFR 1910.10 28 Appendix A , II

Chronic Health Effects

29 CFR 1910.10 28 Appendix A , II

Hazard Detection and

Sometimes benzene can be detected by its

OSHA Exposure Limits

Signs shall be posted at the entrance to regulated areas

29 CFR 1910.10 28 (j) (1)

Benzene containers shall be properly

29 CFR 1910.10 28 (j) (1) (ii)

Eye / Skin Protection

If exposures are over the PEL, the employer must

Read and follow procedures for the recognition and

29 CFR 1910.10 28 (j) ((1) (ii)

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