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    Stomach: Name: Fizzatin Nisha Binti Mohd Uzir Gosigan Servai Group: 32A

    Uploaded by

    Aien Azmi
    The document summarizes the anatomy and pathology of the stomach. It describes the stomach's four regions - cardiac, fundic, body, and pyloric. It functions to store food, release small volumes into the duodenum every few hours, and aid in mechanical and chemical digestion through enzymes and acid. The document also discusses two pathological conditions - peptic ulcer disease, which results from a bacterial infection or excess acid, and gastric cancer, which usually arises from glandular tissue and has risk factors like smoking, diet, and H. pylori infection. Stomach problems are typically diagnosed through an endoscopy to examine the inner lining or various imaging tests.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Stomach: Name: Fizzatin Nisha Binti Mohd Uzir Gosigan Servai Group: 32A

    Uploaded by

    Aien Azmi
    104 views21 pages
    The document summarizes the anatomy and pathology of the stomach. It describes the stomach's four regions - cardiac, fundic, body, and pyloric. It functions to store food, release small volumes into the duodenum every few hours, and aid in mechanical and chemical digestion through enzymes and acid. The document also discusses two pathological conditions - peptic ulcer disease, which results from a bacterial infection or excess acid, and gastric cancer, which usually arises from glandular tissue and has risk factors like smoking, diet, and H. pylori infection. Stomach problems are typically diagnosed through an endoscopy to examine the inner lining or various imaging tests.

    Original Description:

    A lecture abt Stomach on radiology

    Original Title

    Stomach (Radiology)

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    The document summarizes the anatomy and pathology of the stomach. It describes the stomach's four regions - cardiac, fundic, body, and pyloric. It functions to store food, release small volumes into the duodenum every few hours, and aid in mechanical and chemical digestion through enzymes and acid. The document also discusses two pathological conditions - peptic ulcer disease, which results from a bacterial infection or excess acid, and gastric cancer, which usually arises from glandular tissue and has risk factors like smoking, diet, and H. pylori infection. Stomach problems are typically diagnosed through an endoscopy to examine the inner lining or various imaging tests.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    104 views21 pages

    Stomach: Name: Fizzatin Nisha Binti Mohd Uzir Gosigan Servai Group: 32A

    Uploaded by

    Aien Azmi
    The document summarizes the anatomy and pathology of the stomach. It describes the stomach's four regions - cardiac, fundic, body, and pyloric. It functions to store food, release small volumes into the duodenum every few hours, and aid in mechanical and chemical digestion through enzymes and acid. The document also discusses two pathological conditions - peptic ulcer disease, which results from a bacterial infection or excess acid, and gastric cancer, which usually arises from glandular tissue and has risk factors like smoking, diet, and H. pylori infection. Stomach problems are typically diagnosed through an endoscopy to examine the inner lining or various imaging tests.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Stomach

    NAME: FIZZATIN NISHA BINTI MOHD UZIR


    GOSIGAN SERVAI
    GROUP: 32A

    Gross
    Anatomy of
    Stomach

    J-shaped muscular organ with lesser and greater curvatures.


    - nearly vertical in tall people, and horizontal in short
    people
    - divided into four regions;
    cardiac region (cardia) small area within about 3 cm of the
    cardiac orifice
    fundic region (fundus) dome-shaped portion superior to
    esophageal attachment
    body (corpus) makes up the greatest part of the stomach
    pyloric region narrower pouch at the inferior end
    subdivided into the funnel-like antrum
    and narrower pyloric canal that terminates
    at
    pylorus
    pylorus narrow passage to duodenum
    - pyloric sphincter (gastroduodenal) regulates the passage of
    chyme into the duodenum

    stomach is a muscular sac in upper left


    abdominal cavity immediately inferior to the
    diaphragm
    primarily functions as a food storage organ
    designed to release small volumes into
    duodenum
    internal volume of about 50 mL when empty
    1.0 1.5 L after a typical meal
    up to 4 L when extremely full and extend nearly as
    far as the pelvis
    takes approximately 4 hours to clear meal!
    Antrum hold 30 ml
    3 ml of chyme released into duodenum per
    contraction

    Mechanical digestion breaks up bolus, turns


    solid food into a liquid, and begins chemical
    digestion of protein and fat

    Chemical digestion
    Salivary amilase / deactivated by gastric acid
    Lingual and gastric lipase / activated by gastric acid
    Gastric HCl denatures protein
    Gastric Pepsinogen converted by gastric HCl into
    active pepsin

    most digestion occurs after the chyme


    passes on to the small intestine

    Pathological of
    stomach
    Peptic

    Ulcer Disease

    Gastric

    cancer

    Peptic ulcer disease


    (PUD)
    Definition : Peptic ulcer disease refers to painful sores or ulcers
    in the lining of the stomach or first part of the small intestine,
    called the duodenum
    An ulcer is the end result of an imbalance between digestive
    fluids in the stomach and duodenum. Ulcers can be caused by:
    * Infection with a type of bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
    * Excess acid production from gastrinomas, tumors of the acid
    producing cells of the stomach that increases acid output (seen in
    Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
    An ulcer may or may not have symptoms. When symptoms occur,
    they may include:
    * A gnawing or burning pain in the middle or upper stomach between
    meals or at night
    * Bloating
    * heartburn
    * nausea or vomiting

    Gastric cancer
    Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, is a
    malignant tumor arising from the lining of the
    stomach.
    Stomach cancers are classified according to the
    type of tissue where they originate.
    The most common type of stomach cancer is
    adenocarcinoma, which starts in the glandular
    tissue of the stomach and accounts for 90% to
    95% of all stomach cancers.
    Stomach cancer may often be cured if it is found
    and treated at an early stage. Unfortunately, the
    outlook is poor if the cancer is already at an
    advanced stage when discovered. In most cases,
    stomach cancer is found at later stages

    What Causes Stomach Cancer?


    The

    exact cause of stomach cancer is


    unknown, but a number of factors can
    increase the risk of the disease, including:

    - Gender -- men have more than double therisk of getting


    stomach cancer
    than women.
    - Lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating a
    diet low in
    fruits and vegetables or high in salted, smoked,
    or nitrate
    preserved foods may increase your risk
    - Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection of the stomach. H. pylori
    is a
    bacterium that infects the lining of the
    stomach and

    Type of
    diagnosis

    Upper

    endoscopy

    -During this test, the doctor passes an endoscope, which is a


    thin, flexible,
    lighted tube with a small video camera on the end, down your
    throat. This
    lets the doctor see the lining of your esophagus, stomach, and
    first part of
    the small intestine.
    - When seen through an endoscope, stomach cancer can look
    like an
    ulcer, a mushroom-shaped or protruding mass, or diffuse, flat,
    thickened
    areas of mucosa known aslinitis plastica.

    Imaging

    tests

    -Imaging tests use x-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves,


    or
    radioactive substances to create pictures of the inside
    of your
    body. Imaging tests may be done for a number of
    reasons,
    including;
    1.
    2.
    3.

    To help find out whether a suspicious area might be cancerous


    To learn how far cancer may have spread
    To help determine if treatment has been effective

    - Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series


    - Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan
    - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
    - Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

    ~THE
    END~

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