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    Codes Ciphers

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    bill bull
    This document discusses various types of ciphers and codes that have been used throughout history to encrypt messages. It describes substitution ciphers where letters are replaced or rotated, transpositional ciphers where the letters in a message are rearranged in a grid pattern, and more complex ciphers like the pigpen cipher, Playfair cipher and the Enigma machine used in World Wars. It also mentions that audio and video files can be compressed using encoding schemes like MPEG3 and MPEG4.

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    Codes Ciphers

    Uploaded by

    bill bull
    57 views24 pages
    This document discusses various types of ciphers and codes that have been used throughout history to encrypt messages. It describes substitution ciphers where letters are replaced or rotated, transpositional ciphers where the letters in a message are rearranged in a grid pattern, and more complex ciphers like the pigpen cipher, Playfair cipher and the Enigma machine used in World Wars. It also mentions that audio and video files can be compressed using encoding schemes like MPEG3 and MPEG4.

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    This document discusses various types of ciphers and codes that have been used throughout history to encrypt messages. It describes substitution ciphers where letters are replaced or rotated, transpositional ciphers where the letters in a message are rearranged in a grid pattern, and more complex ciphers like the pigpen cipher, Playfair cipher and the Enigma machine used in World Wars. It also mentions that audio and video files can be compressed using encoding schemes like MPEG3 and MPEG4.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    57 views24 pages

    Codes Ciphers

    Uploaded by

    bill bull
    This document discusses various types of ciphers and codes that have been used throughout history to encrypt messages. It describes substitution ciphers where letters are replaced or rotated, transpositional ciphers where the letters in a message are rearranged in a grid pattern, and more complex ciphers like the pigpen cipher, Playfair cipher and the Enigma machine used in World Wars. It also mentions that audio and video files can be compressed using encoding schemes like MPEG3 and MPEG4.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    1010

    mixlplik

    igpay atinlay

    Codes and ciphers have existed


    for
    hundreds of years.
    People have always had the
    need
    to hide secrets and messages.

    Caesar used ciphers and codes as did


    the
    founding fathers of the United States.
    Thomas Jefferson created ciphers and
    code systems during the American
    Revolution.

    Substitution ciphers are very common


    ciphers. Letters can be reversed or
    rotated a certain amount.
    A B C D E F G H I

    J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

    Y Z A B C D E F G H I

    J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X

    Original Message : hello


    Encoded Message : fcjjm

    A permutation can be used to make the


    substitution cipher harder to break.
    A B C D E F G H I

    J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

    G Y W J M N A Q Z D X V E F T S H U P O R L C I

    Original Message : hello


    Encoded Message : qmvvt

    B K

    Substitution ciphers are broken using


    letter frequencies. Certain letters
    occur in the English language more
    frequently than others. E occurs most
    frequently.

    8.167

    1.492

    2.782

    9.056

    Morse code is a
    very
    common form
    of cipher.

    ._
    _...
    _._.
    _..
    .

    B
    C
    D

    Original Message : bad

    Encoded Message : _ . . .

    ._

    _..

    Transpositional
    ciphers come in
    many shapes and
    sizes.

    These ciphers involve storing a message i


    a grid and then encoding the message
    using a specified pattern.

    A column cipher
    could just run
    down the columns
    to make a coded
    message.

    Run down the columns starting with column 0.


    CODED MESSAGE : IEKWCLWIIOOONTDVRGHE

    A spiral cipher
    typically spirals in
    or out and starts
    at a specified
    corner.

    Sprial from top left down and in


    CODED MESSAGE : IEKWCODEHGRVOLWIITNO

    A pigpen cipher uses different shapes


    and dots to encode letters. The
    Freemasons are credited with creating
    the pigpen cipher.

    Letters can be placed in any order in


    the pigpen cipher.

    L
    O
    V
    A playfair cipher uses I
    W
    R
    K
    N
    a code phrase and
    T
    H
    C
    D
    a 5X5 grid. No
    B
    F
    J
    M
    duplicate letters
    Q
    S
    U
    V
    are placed in the grid.
    The remaining letters of the
    alphabet are used to fill the grid.

    It was used in WWI and WWII.

    E
    G
    A
    P
    X

    The letters to be
    encoded must be
    located in the grid.
    FW is encoded to
    BR.
    SV is encoded to
    UX.
    EA is encoded to
    GP.
    RD is encoded to

    Use the grid


    W
    R
    to
    T
    H
    encode pairs
    B
    F
    of
    Q
    S
    letters.
    MESSAGE TO CODE : WH AT
    CODED MESSAGE : RT TH

    The enigma machine was


    used by the Nazi regime
    during World War II to
    encode messages.
    Dave Reeds Engima
    Machine

    MPEG3 and MPEG4 files are encoded


    files.
    MPEG stands for Moving Pictures
    Expert Group. MPEG files are
    compressed files.

    MP3 files are used to compress CD


    quality files. The compression
    algorithm typically compresses files
    at a 10mb to 1mb-2mb rate. A 40
    mb file would compress roughly to
    4mb-8mb.

    You must have an MPEG3 compatible


    player to play an MPEG3 encoded
    file.

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