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    Units and Measurement

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    Nhil Cabillon Quieta
    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It introduces the International System of Units (SI) and defines the seven base SI units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, mole, ampere and candela. It also discusses SI unit prefixes, derived units, scientific notation, significant figures, accuracy vs precision, and the factor-label method for unit conversions. Examples are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts in measuring and converting physical quantities.

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    Units and Measurement

    Uploaded by

    Nhil Cabillon Quieta
    141 views29 pages
    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It introduces the International System of Units (SI) and defines the seven base SI units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, mole, ampere and candela. It also discusses SI unit prefixes, derived units, scientific notation, significant figures, accuracy vs precision, and the factor-label method for unit conversions. Examples are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts in measuring and converting physical quantities.

    Original Description:

    Grade 7 Unit 2

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    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It introduces the International System of Units (SI) and defines the seven base SI units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, mole, ampere and candela. It also discusses SI unit prefixes, derived units, scientific notation, significant figures, accuracy vs precision, and the factor-label method for unit conversions. Examples are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts in measuring and converting physical quantities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    141 views29 pages

    Units and Measurement

    Uploaded by

    Nhil Cabillon Quieta
    This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It introduces the International System of Units (SI) and defines the seven base SI units - meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, mole, ampere and candela. It also discusses SI unit prefixes, derived units, scientific notation, significant figures, accuracy vs precision, and the factor-label method for unit conversions. Examples are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts in measuring and converting physical quantities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Units

    and
    Measurement

    Physics
    Mrs. Coyle
    International Space Station
    http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0706/iss_sts117_big.jpg

    It All Starts with a Ruler!!!

    Math and Units


    Math- the language of Physics
    SI Units International System
    MKS
    Meter m
    Mass kg
    Time s
    National Bureau of Standards
    Prefixes

    SI Unit Prefixes - Part I


    Name

    Symbol

    Factor

    tera-

    1012

    giga-

    109

    mega-

    106

    kilo-

    103

    hecto-

    102

    deka-

    da

    101

    SI Unit Prefixes- Part II


    Name

    Symbol

    Factor

    deci-

    10-1

    centi-

    10-2

    milli-

    10-3

    micro-

    10-6

    nano-

    10-9

    pico-

    10-12

    femto-

    10-15

    The Seven Base SI Units


    Quantity
    Unit
    Symbol
    Length

    meter

    Mass

    kilogram

    kg

    Temperature

    kelvin

    Time

    second

    Amount of
    mole
    Substance
    Luminous Intensity candela

    mol

    Electric Current

    ampere

    cd

    Derived SI Units (examples)


    Quantity

    unit

    Symbol

    Volume

    cubic meter

    m3

    Density
    Speed

    kilograms per
    kg/m3
    cubic meter
    meter per second m/s

    Newton

    kg m/ s2

    Energy

    Joule (kg m2/s2)

    Pressure

    Pascal (kg/(ms2)

    Pa

    SI Unit Prefixes for Length


    Name
    gigameter
    megameter
    kilometer
    decimeter
    centimeter
    millimeter
    micrometer
    nanometer
    picometer

    Symbol
    Gm
    Mm
    km
    dm
    cm
    mm
    m
    nm
    pm

    Analogy
    109
    106
    103
    10-1
    10-2
    10-3
    10-6
    10-9
    10-12

    Scientific Notation

    M x 10n
    M is the coefficient 1<M<10
    10 is the base
    n is the exponent or power of 10

    Other Examples:
    5.45E+6
    5.45 x 10^6

    or

    Numbers less than 1 will have a


    negative exponent.
    A millionth of a second is:
    0.000001 sec
    1.0E-6

    1x10-6
    1.0^-6

    Factor-Label Method of Unit


    Conversion
    Example: Convert 5km to m:
    Multiply the original measurement by a
    conversion factor.
    NEW UNIT
    85km x 1,000m
    1km
    OLD UNIT

    85,000m

    Factor-Label Method of Unit


    Conversion: Example
    Example: Convert 789m to km:
    789m x 1km =0.789km= 7.89x10-1km
    1000m

    Convert 75.00 km/h to m/s


    75.00 km x 1000 m x 1 h___ = 20.83m/s
    h
    1 km
    3600 s

    Limits of Measurement
    Accuracy and Precision

    Accuracy - a measure of how


    close a measurement is to the
    true value of the quantity being
    measured.

    Example: Accuracy
    Who is more accurate when
    measuring a book that has a true
    length of 17.0cm?
    Susan:
    17.0cm, 16.0cm, 18.0cm, 15.0cm
    Amy:
    15.5cm, 15.0cm, 15.2cm, 15.3cm

    Precision a measure of how


    close a series of measurements
    are to one another. A measure of
    how exact a measurement is.

    Example: Precision
    Who is more precise when measuring
    the same 17.0cm book?
    Susan:
    17.0cm, 16.0cm, 18.0cm, 15.0cm
    Amy:
    15.5cm, 15.0cm, 15.2cm, 15.3cm

    Example: Evaluate whether the


    following are precise, accurate or
    both.

    Accurate

    Not Accurate Accurate

    Not Precise Precise

    Precise

    Significant Figures
    The significant figures in a
    measurement include all of the
    digits that are known, plus one
    last digit that is estimated.

    Centimeters and Millimeters

    Finding the Number of Sig Figs:


    When the decimal is present, start counting
    from the left.
    When the decimal is absent, start counting
    from the right.
    Zeroes encountered before a non zero digit
    do not count.

    How many sig figs?


    100

    10302.00

    0.001
    10302

    1.0302x104

    Sig Figs in Addition/Subtraction


    Express the result with the same
    number of decimal places as the
    number in the operation with the least
    decimal places.
    Ex: 2.33 cm
    + 3.0 cm
    5.3 cm
    (Result is rounded to one decimal place)

    Sig Figs in Multiplication/Division


    Express the answer with the same sig
    figs as the factor with the least sig
    figs.
    Ex: 3.22 cm
    x 2.0 cm
    6.4 cm2
    (Result is rounded to two sig figs)

    Counting Numbers
    Counting numbers have infinite sig
    figs.
    Ex: 3 apples

    Solving Word Problems


    Analyze
    List knowns and unknowns.
    Draw a diagram.
    Devise a plan.
    Write the math equation to be used.
    Calculate
    If needed, rearrange the equation to solve for the
    unknown.
    Substitute the knowns with units in the equation and
    express the answer with units.
    Evaluate
    Is the answer reasonable?

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