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    RODM Presentation

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    Sekhar
    This presentation discusses desalination processes and BHEL's experience with desalination plants in India. It provides an overview of global and Indian desalination scenarios. The main desalination processes are reverse osmosis and thermal distillation. Reverse osmosis has seen exponential growth and is now preferred over thermal processes. BHEL has significant experience designing and building seawater and brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plants for various customers in India. Process flow diagrams and pictures of reference plants are shown. Economics of reverse osmosis versus conventional water treatment are also compared for different feedwater qualities.

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    RODM Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Sekhar
    1K views67 pages
    This presentation discusses desalination processes and BHEL's experience with desalination plants in India. It provides an overview of global and Indian desalination scenarios. The main desalination processes are reverse osmosis and thermal distillation. Reverse osmosis has seen exponential growth and is now preferred over thermal processes. BHEL has significant experience designing and building seawater and brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plants for various customers in India. Process flow diagrams and pictures of reference plants are shown. Economics of reverse osmosis versus conventional water treatment are also compared for different feedwater qualities.

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    This presentation discusses desalination processes and BHEL's experience with desalination plants in India. It provides an overview of global and Indian desalination scenarios. The main desalination processes are reverse osmosis and thermal distillation. Reverse osmosis has seen exponential growth and is now preferred over thermal processes. BHEL has significant experience designing and building seawater and brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plants for various customers in India. Process flow diagrams and pictures of reference plants are shown. Economics of reverse osmosis versus conventional water treatment are also compared for different feedwater qualities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views67 pages

    RODM Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Sekhar
    This presentation discusses desalination processes and BHEL's experience with desalination plants in India. It provides an overview of global and Indian desalination scenarios. The main desalination processes are reverse osmosis and thermal distillation. Reverse osmosis has seen exponential growth and is now preferred over thermal processes. BHEL has significant experience designing and building seawater and brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plants for various customers in India. Process flow diagrams and pictures of reference plants are shown. Economics of reverse osmosis versus conventional water treatment are also compared for different feedwater qualities.

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    PRESENTATION

    ON
    DESALINATION

    Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited


    Ranipet, India

    March 11

    Water
    79%

    d
    Lan
    21%

    Earths Surface
    Salt water
    98.5%

    Water on Earth

    Fresh
    water
    1.5%

    <1%
    Readily
    Accessible
    Replenished by
    rain & snowfall
    (Hence
    sustainable)
    Deep
    Underground
    Reservoirs

    Lakes, rivers
    & Reservoirs
    Shallow
    underground
    Reservoirs.

    Frozen in Ice
    Caps in
    Greenland and
    Antarctica (70%)

    Moisture in
    Soil

    Fresh water
    availability

    Water resources on the earth and available fresh water

    DESALINATION PROCESS
    DESALINATION
    PROCESSES

    PHASE CHANGE

    FREEZING

    MULTI EFFECT
    DISTILLATION

    DISTILLATION

    VAPOUR
    COMPRESSION

    MULTISTAGE
    FLASH

    NON-PHASE CHANGE

    MEMBRANE

    ELECTRODIALYSIS

    REVERSE OSMOSIS

    OTHERS

    ION EXCHANGE

    SOLVENT EXTRACTION

    GLOSSARY

    MGD : Million Gallons per Day (1 MGD = 3785 m3/day)


    MIGD : Million Imperial Gallons per Day
    (1 MIGD = 4546 m3/day )

    MLD : Million Liters per Day (1 MLD = 1000 m3/day)


    PPM : Parts Per Million = mg/l
    TDS : Total Dissolved Solids

    Global Scenario on Desalination A snapshot

    RO

    THERMAL

    Installed membrane Vs Thermal capacity 1980-2009

    RO Vs Thermal

    Exponential growth in Desalination over last 30 years


    RO technology getting preference over thermal during last
    15 years

    Source: GWI Desal Data /IDA

    Annual new contracted capacity by feedwater type,


    1990-2009

    Source: GWI DesalData / IDA

    Installed Capacity as of June 2009

    Indian Scenario on Desalination A snapshot

    FILTRATION SPECTRUM

    PRINCIPLE OF REVERSE OSMOSIS(RO)

    REVERSE OSMOSIS

    Osmosis :It is the diffusion of water through semi permeable


    membrane separating two different solutions of different solute
    concentration. The water flows in a direction to equalize the
    concentration.

    Reverse Osmosis:Transport of the solvent from a concentrated


    to a dilute solution through a membrane under the influence of
    a pressure head,which exceeds the osmotic pressure of the
    solution.Product water flux is proportional to excess pressure.

    HOLLOW FINE FIBRE MEMBRANE MODULE

    SPIRAL WOUND CONFIGURATION OF


    RO MEMBRANE

    SPIRAL WOUND CONFIGURATION OF


    RO MEMBRANE

    FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR THE DESIGN OF RO PLANT


    Raw

    water source Open sea, beach well, deep


    bore well etc.,

    Feed water quality- Physical, Chemical &

    biological
    End use of water- Potable, Industrial, wastewater

    treatment etc.,
    Recovery of the plant desired
    Capacity of the plant
    Operation of the plant
    Type of brine disposal

    Our Experience
    In Building

    SWRO & BWRO


    Desalination plants

    RO PLANT REFERENCE LIST BAP, BHEL RANIPET


    1. 1MGD (SWRO)
    2. 300 M3/Day (SWRO)
    3. 300 M3/Day (HBWRO)
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.

    Narippaiyur : 1NO.
    Rameswaram : 1 No.
    Kusavankudi : 2 Nos.
    Pottagavayal
    300 M3/Day (BWRO)
    Panaikulam : 1 No.
    50 M3/Day (BWRO)
    Uthirakosamangai : 1 No.
    30 M3/Day (BWRO)
    Urathur
    : 1 No.
    20 M3/Day (BWRO)
    Perungulam : 4 Nos.
    Keelambal, Keelaparithiyur, Kidathirukkai

    8. 560 M3/Day (BWRO) Airport Chennai


    : 1 No.
    9. 2280 M3/Day (Stage-1, BWRO) Bellary TPS : 1 No.
    1824 M3/Day (Stage-2, BWRO) Bellary TPS : 1 No.

    TWAD
    SWRO & BWRO
    Desalination plants

    20 Cu.M/Day - BWRO DESALINATION PLANT

    300 Cu.M/Day - HBWRO DESALINATION PLANT

    Process Flow Diagram-1 MGD SWRO Plant

    1 MGD - SWRO DESALINATION PLANT FOR


    DRINKING WATER AT RURAL TAMIL NADU

    1 MGD - SEAWATER INTAKE SYSTEM

    1 MGD - FILTER FEED PUMPS

    1 MGD - DUAL MEDIA FILTERS

    1 MGD - MEMBRANE RACK ASSEMBLY

    PLANT HIGHLIGHTS

    Largest Capacity In India For Drinking


    Water
    Maximum Recovery of 50% For Seawater
    Power < 6 KWHr /Cu.M with ERD
    Inbuilt Chlorine Generation
    PLC based Auto Operation
    Corrosion Resistant Materials Like
    Duplex SS, SS316L, uPVC, GRP, HDPE
    etc.,
    Low Consumption of Chemicals

    RO-DM Plant
    at
    BTPS Bellary 500 MW

    GENERAL DETAILS
    Customer

    : Karnataka Power Corporation


    Limited, Bellary.
    1x500 MW Thermal Power Plant

    Plant Description

    : RO-DM Plant

    Raw water Source


    River

    : From Maralihalla
    water

    Design Raw water TDS : 1500 PPM


    Plant Capacity
    Design Temperature

    : 75 M3/Hr (Net)- DM water


    : 10 M3/Hr - Potable water
    : 30 deg C

    DESIGN - PLANT PERFORMANCE


    1. Pretreatment System
    Inlet TSS
    : 100 ppm
    Outlet SDI15
    :<5
    2. Membrane Life
    : 3 years
    RO Stage - I Permeate TDS : 80 ppm
    RO Stage - II PermeateTDS : 10 ppm
    3. Mixed Bed Exchanger
    Inlet TDS : 10 PPM
    (21 mic.S/cm)
    Outlet Cond. : 0.1 mic.S/cm

    DM PLANT - GUARANTEED
    1. pHOUTPUT QUALITY
    : 6.8 - 7.2
    2. Conductivity
    Max
    : 0.1 mic.S/cm
    3. Silica reactive as SiO2
    : 0.015 PPM
    4. Organic matter
    : < 0.2 mg of
    KMnO4/l

    KPCL UNIT - 1

    34

    RAW WATER POND

    KPCL - BELLARY RO-DM PLANT- CLARIFIER

    FILTER, RO-DM PLANT EQUIPMENT LAYOUT

    FILTER SHED

    RO MEMBRANE RACK

    MB SYSTEM & PIPING

    DGT

    MB
    MB

    CONTRACTS ON HAND
    1. KPCL-Bellary Unit-2 RO-DM Plant (UF+BWRO1+BWRO2+MB)
    Plant Capacity

    : 96 M3/Hr BWRO1 x 1W
    : 76 M3/Hr BWRO2 x 1W
    : 75 M3/Hr DM plant x 1W

    2. GSPC, Gujarat, Pipavav 2x350 MW (PT+SWRO+BWRO+DM) Combined Cycle Plant


    Plant Capacity
    : 100 M3/Hr SWRO x 2W+1SB
    : 26 M3/Hr BWRO x 1W+1SB
    : 25 M3/Hr DM plant x 1W+1SB
    3. TNEB, North Chennai 2x600 MW (PT+UF+BWRO+DM)
    Plant Capacity
    : 100 M3/Hr BWRO x 2W+1SB
    : 90 M3/Hr DM plant x 2W+1SB
    4. PPCL, PRAGATHI-III, NEW DELHI 1500 MW (MBR+BWRO1+BWRO2+MB)
    Plant Capacity
    : 28.5 M3/Hr BWRO1 x 2W
    : 25.5 M3/Hr BWRO2 x 2W
    : 25 M3/Hr MB plant x 2W+1S
    5. YERMARUS- 2 X 800 MW (PT+UF+BWRO1+BWRO2+MB)
    Plant Capacity
    : 105 M3/Hr BWRO1 x 2W
    : 87 M3/Hr BWRO2 x 2W
    : 87 M3/Hr MB plant x 2W+1S
    6. RPCL-EDLAPUR 1 X 800 MW RO-DM Plant (UF+BWRO1+BWRO2+MB)
    Plant Capacity
    : 2x107 M3/Hr BWRO1 1W + 1S
    : 2x87 M3/Hr BWRO2 1W + 1S
    : 2x85 M3/Hr MB plant 1W +1S
    7. KPCL-Bellary Unit-3 RO-DM Plant (UF+BWRO1+BWRO2+MB)
    Plant Capacity
    : 96 M3/Hr BWRO1 x 1W
    : 76 M3/Hr BWRO2 x 1W
    : 75 M3/Hr DM plant x 1W

    MAJOR EQUIPMENT SCOPE


    COMPARISON KPCL, BELLARY

    UNIT -1
    1.PRETREATMENT : (127m3/hr)
    -Clarifier (1x100%)
    -PSF (4x50%)
    -ACF (4x50%)
    2.
    RO Stage-1 (2x100%) (95
    m3/hr)
    3.
    RO Stage-2 (2x100%) (76
    m3/hr)
    4.
    MB System (2X100%)
    (75m3/hr)

    UNIT -2
    1.PRETREATMENT : (127m3/hr)
    -UF System (2x50%)
    (Submerged)

    2. RO Stg-1 (1x100%) (95


    m3/hr)
    3. RO Stg-2 (1x100%) (76
    m3/hr)
    4. MB Sys (1x100%) (75 m3/hr)
    42

    KPCL UNIT-1 & UNIT-2


    MAJOR SCOPE COMPARISION
    S.NO

    DESCRIPTION

    UNIT-1

    UNIT 2

    127 m3/hr
    1x100%
    500 m3
    2 x 100%
    4 x 50%
    4 x 50%
    N/ A
    200 m3

    127 m3/hr
    N/ A
    N/ A
    N/ A
    N/ A
    N/ A
    2 x 50%
    300 m3

    PRE TREATMENT
    Clarifier
    CWST
    CW pumps
    PSF
    ACF
    UF system
    FW tank

    RO Stage -1

    RO block (2x100%)

    RO block (1x100%)

    RO Stage -2

    RO block (2x100%)

    RO block (1x100%)

    MB SYSTEM

    2 x 100%

    1 x 100%

    Total weight (MT)

    KPCL UNIT - 2

    UF system

    RO 2

    RO 1

    MB system

    44

    KPCL , BELLARY- 500 MW


    RO-DM PLANT UNIT-1

    DM SYSTEM
    RO SYSTEM

    PT SYSTEM

    45

    IMPROVEMENTS IN KPCL UNIT-2


    UF system In place of Clarifier, PSF & ACF

    ULTRA
    FILTRATION
    SYSTEM

    UF system
    Unit 2

    Clarifier
    Unit-1

    PSF & ACF


    Unit-1

    46

    Improved Dosing System Skid

    47

    NORTH CHENNAI UNIT-1 & 2


    GENERAL DETAILS
    S.NO

    DESCRIPTION

    CAPACITY

    PRE TREATMENT
    -DMF
    -UF (pressurized)

    268 m3/hr
    6 Nos
    3 x 50%

    BWRO system

    200 m3/hr
    (3 x 50 %)

    DM SYSTEM
    -Degasser
    -SAC
    -SBA
    -MB

    180m3/hr
    3 x 50%
    3 x 50%
    3 x 50%
    3 x 50%

    48

    NORTH CHENNAI UNIT 1 & 2

    UF system

    BWRO

    DM
    system

    49

    R
    E
    LT D
    I
    F E
    SH

    NORTH CHENNAI RODM PLANT EQPT.


    LAYOUT

    M
    B
    S
    B
    A

    ROCCT
    S
    A
    C

    Hollow Fiber Configurations - Pressurized

    Outside-In

    Inside-Out

    TYPICAL UF SYSTEM SKID (PRESSURIZED)

    TYPICAL RO SYSTEM SKID

    Tenders Participated
    Sl.
    No.

    Customer / Project

    Remarks

    HEL Haldia 2x270MW

    Offer submitted

    PPCL Pragati II CCPP 750MW,


    Bamnauli

    Offer submitted

    TNEB Ennore 1x600MW

    Offer submitted

    India Bulls Tertiary treatment plant,


    STP, Nashik , 130 MLD

    Offer submitted thro ROD

    TNEB- Udangudi 2x 800MW

    RODM confirmed

    DB Power

    Offer submitted to L&T thro ROD

    Visa power

    Offer submitted to L&T thro ROD

    RO-DM ECONOMICS

    Boiler Feed Makeup Water Quality


    Requirement
    Drum Pressure

    Kg/cm2

    61 100

    >100

    Conductivity @ 25C

    S/cm

    0.3 - 0.5

    0.1 0.2

    Silica as SiO2

    ppm

    0.02

    0.01

    6.8 - 7.2

    6.8 7.2

    pH

    Max.

    Available Strategies for Boiler


    Pretreatment
    Softeners
    Dealkalizers
    Demineralizers
    Reverse Osmosis (RO)
    Electro De-Ionization (EDI)

    Process Vs Impurity Removal


    SYSTEM
    Impurity

    Softener

    Softener Reverse
    DM
    with
    Osmosis (SAC,
    Dealkalizer
    (RO)
    SBA &
    MB)

    RO
    +
    MB

    Total Dissolved
    Solids

    No

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Hardness

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Alkalinity

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    Silica

    No

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Yes

    CO2 & Oxygen

    No

    No

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Feed Water Quality


    Considered
    Unit
    Case-1
    Case-2
    Parameters
    200 ppm

    400 ppm

    Case- 3
    800 ppm

    Feed source

    RW

    RW

    RW

    pH

    8.4

    8.4

    8.4

    Ionic load as CaCO3

    ppm

    260

    560

    1190

    Approx. TDS

    ppm

    200

    400

    800

    Calcium as CaCO3

    ppm

    40

    80

    125

    Magnesium as CaCO3

    ppm

    40

    79

    115

    Sodium as CaCO3

    ppm

    44

    121

    347

    Potassium as CaCO3

    ppm

    Chloride as CaCO3

    ppm

    35

    104

    251

    Sulfate as CaCO3

    ppm

    18

    36

    151

    carbonate as CaCO3

    ppm

    16

    17

    Bicarbonate as CaCO3

    ppm

    71

    123

    167

    Silica as SiO2 (Total)

    ppm

    25

    25.0

    25

    Basis for O & M cost General


    Description
    Plant Life

    Details
    (Years)

    20

    Interest Rate Per Year

    (%.)

    8.0

    Net output - DM water

    (M 3/h)

    170

    (days/yr.)

    330

    Plant Availability
    Operating hours per day

    24

    No. of streams

    (W)

    Temperature

    ( 0C)

    30

    Electrical Power Cost


    IX Regen. Waste discharge pH

    (Rs / Kwh.)

    3.24
    Neutral

    Contd

    BASIS OF CALCULATION FOR DIFFERENT FEED


    TDS
    1. FOR 400 ppm TDS
    -Detailed calculation made w.r.t above said basis for 2
    stage RO and conventional treatment
    2. FOR 200 ppm TDS
    -RO-2 is not in operation & RO-1 is alone operational
    -MB regen. once in 36 hrs & MB regen chemicals
    twice the consumption as compared to that of 400
    ppm feed TDS due to higher ionic load for MB feed.
    -Conv. DM plant regn. chemicals Half that of 400
    ppm feed TDS due to lower ionic load for MB feed of
    400 ppm
    -3. FOR 800 ppm TDS
    -RO1 additional power 10 KW due to
    TDS

    higher feed

    -Conv. DM plant regen. chemicals - twice the


    consumption as compared to that of 400 ppm feed
    TDS due to higher ionic load for DM feed TDS

    Comparison
    Between

    Single Stage RO
    and

    Two Stage RO

    O & M COST SAVING WITH RO-DM PROCESS


    1. For 400 ppm feed TDS
    Savings in Rs/ m3 x flow/hr x no of Hrs/day x no of
    days /yr
    8.61 x 170 x 24 x 330 = Rs.116 lakhs/ year
    2. For 800 ppm feed TDS
    25.91 x 170 x 24 x 330 = Rs. 349 lakhs/ year
    3. If the plant operation for 8 months per annum
    (2/3) with 400 ppm feed TDS & 4 months per annum
    (1/3) with 800 ppm feed TDS
    Deducing from 1 & 2 above , 116 x 2/3 + 349 x 1/3
    The saving per year is Rs. 193 lakhs

    Advantages of RO-DM over a Conventional DM


    EFFLUENT GENERATION AND DISPOSAL
    Lower IX effluent & Minimize disposal cost
    (~1/16th )

    Lower capacity of neutralising pit.


    BWRO reject can be used for cooling tower
    make up or wash water or gardening.

    CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION / HANDLING


    Lower regeneration chemicals / cost (~1/10th).

    To minimise the TDS loading in the effluent


    discharge.

    Lower storage, handling (~1/10th) & minimise


    hazards.

    Increasing cost of regeneration chemicals leads RO


    option more cheaper.

    Contd.

    Advantages of RO-DM over a


    Conventional DM
    RAW WATER QUALITY

    Economical at Moderate & high TDS


    Break even at feed TDS of 100 to 200 ppm.
    Effective removal of Silica & Organics
    RESIN PERFORMANCE

    Lower organic load increases resin

    performance

    Less resin volume leads to smaller vessel size


    and lower replacement cost.
    OUTPUT QUALITY & QUANTITY

    OBR of DM will be increased due to lower ionic

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