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    College Algebra - Module 1

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    Mineski Prince Garma
    This document provides an overview of module 1 which covers sets of real numbers and algebraic expressions in college algebra. It defines key concepts such as sets, unions, intersections, properties of real numbers including closure, identity, inverses. It also defines algebraic expressions, constants, variables and absolute value. Examples are provided to illustrate various concepts throughout the document.

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    College Algebra - Module 1

    Uploaded by

    Mineski Prince Garma
    338 views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of module 1 which covers sets of real numbers and algebraic expressions in college algebra. It defines key concepts such as sets, unions, intersections, properties of real numbers including closure, identity, inverses. It also defines algebraic expressions, constants, variables and absolute value. Examples are provided to illustrate various concepts throughout the document.

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    This document provides an overview of module 1 which covers sets of real numbers and algebraic expressions in college algebra. It defines key concepts such as sets, unions, intersections, properties of real numbers including closure, identity, inverses. It also defines algebraic expressions, constants, variables and absolute value. Examples are provided to illustrate various concepts throughout the document.

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    338 views18 pages

    College Algebra - Module 1

    Uploaded by

    Mineski Prince Garma
    This document provides an overview of module 1 which covers sets of real numbers and algebraic expressions in college algebra. It defines key concepts such as sets, unions, intersections, properties of real numbers including closure, identity, inverses. It also defines algebraic expressions, constants, variables and absolute value. Examples are provided to illustrate various concepts throughout the document.

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    Module 1: Set of

    Real Numbers &


    Algebraic
    Expressions
    College Algebra
    Jerome A. Jimenez, MoM

    Algebra

    The science of reduction and cancellation


    Deal with operations on unspecified or unknown

    numbers that are designated by symbols or letters


    such as x,y,z,a,b and c.
    Does we consider the following

    x+y

    ab

    yz

    bc

    Concept of a Set

    A set is a collection of objects, the objects in a set

    are called elements of the set.


    Each particular object must be either in a set or

    not on the set.


    A pair of braces { }, is used to describe a set.

    Example of a Set

    If S is a set of natural numbers less than 6, then

    S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
    or
    {x, such that x is a natural number less than 6}

    Union & Intersection of a


    Set

    The union of two sets A and B, denoted by A U B is the set of


    all elements that are in A or in B or in both A and B.

    The intersection of A and B denoted by A B is the set of all


    elements that are in both A and B.

    The set that contains no elements is called the empty set


    denoted by .

    Example

    Suppose A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, B = {1, 4, 9, 16}

    and C = {2, 10}.


    Then,
    A U B = {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16}
    B U C = {1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 16}
    A B = {4}

    Real Numbers
    Real Numbers

    52, 17, 8, 1 , 0, 7 ,1, 2,18, 72, 3 11, 2, 17,


    2
    8
    Irrational Numbers

    Rational Numbers
    -52, -17, -8, -, 0, , 1, 2, 18, 72

    Integers
    -52, -17, -8, 0, 1, 2, 18, 72

    Whole
    Numbers
    0, 1, 2, 18, 72

    Natural
    Numbers
    1, 2, 18, 72

    Negative
    Integers
    -52, -17, -8

    Zero
    0

    3 11, 2, 17,

    Noninteger rational numbers

    -,

    The real number system

    Consists of the set of real numbers and two

    operations called addition and multiplication.

    Subtraction and division of real numbers are

    defined in terms of addition and multiplication.

    Properties

    If a and b are real numbers,


    a b = d if and only if a = b + d

    Similarly if a and b are real numbers and b 0,


    a b = qif and only if a = bq

    Note: Division by zero is not defined.

    Properties of Real Numbers

    Closure (Addition and Multiplication)

    a b R

    ab R

    Commutative Property (Addition and

    Multiplication)
    a+b=b+a

    a .b = b .a

    Properties of Real Numbers

    Associative (Addition & Multiplication)

    a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c

    a . (b . c) = (a . b) . c

    Distributive

    a (b + c) = ab + ac

    Properties of Real Numbers

    Identity (Addition & Multiplication)


    a+0=a

    a.1=a

    (zero is the identity element for addition while 1 is the identity


    element for multiplication)

    Inverse
    a + (-a) = 0

    a(1/a) = 1, a 0

    (-a is the additive inverse of a, 1/a is the multiplicative inverse of


    a)

    Properties of Equality of
    Real Numbers
    Let a, b, c a set of real numbers. Then the following
    properties of equality hold.
    Reflexive

    a=a
    Symmetric

    if a = b, then b = a

    Properties of Equality of
    Real Numbers
    Transitive Property

    if a = b and b = c, then a = c

    Substitution

    if a = b, then a can be replaced by b in any


    statement involving a.

    Absolute Value

    The absolute value of a real number a, denoted by

    |a|, is a non-negative number defined by


    |a| = a

    if a 0

    |a| = -a

    if a < 0

    In case a = 0, its distance from the origin is zero and


    hence,
    |0| = 0

    Algebraic Expressions

    An algebraic expression is a constant, a variable,

    or a combination of constants and variables


    connected by a finite number of fundamental
    operations including raising to a power and
    extraction of a root.

    Algebraic Expressions

    Definition of Constant

    a symbol whose value does not change.

    Definition of Variable

    a symbol that takes on a different values.

    Exercises

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