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    Cervical Cancer

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    Anaid Crespo
    Cancer Cervix

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cervical Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Anaid Crespo
    82 views15 pages
    Cancer Cervix

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Cancer Cervix

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    82 views15 pages

    Cervical Cancer

    Uploaded by

    Anaid Crespo
    Cancer Cervix

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    CERVICAL CANCER

    Anaid Crespo Lopez

    INTRODUCTION
    Cervical cancer is one of the

    most common cancers in


    women worldwide.
    Is the 2nd leadingcauses of

    deathin females in Mexico.


    Starts as precancerous

    condition called cervical


    dysplasia or Cervical
    intraepithelial neoplasia
    (CIN).
    Mortality rate: 40%
    25- 69 years.

    CLASSIC RISK FACTORS FOR


    CERVICAL CANCER
    Early first age of sexual contact

    Multiple sexual partners

    Human papillomavirus Infection

    (HPV 16,18,31,33,35,45,56)

    Smoking (RR 4-13)

    Multiple sexually transmitted diseases

    Immunocompromised (HIV)

    Lower socio-economic class


    Long-term use of oral contraceptives
    Multiple pregnancies
    Family history is not a risk factor

    CERVICAL CANCER
    Infection with Human

    papillomavirus is a cause of
    approximately 90% of all cervical
    cancers.
    Most cervical cancers begin in

    the cells in the transformation


    zone (Squamocolumnar junction)
    The main types of cervical

    cancers are squamous cell


    carcinoma (80-85%)
    Adenocarcinoma (15%)
    Melanoma, sarcoma, lymphoma

    (2%)

    SYMPTOMS
    Early stages
    Asymptomatic
    Vaginal bleeding between periods, after

    intercourse, after menopause


    Foul smelling, yellowish discharge

    Late stages
    Back pain
    Lethargy
    Nausea/vomiting
    Most symptoms attributable to renal failure

    from ureteral obstruction

    CERVICAL CYTOLOGY
    (PAP TEST, PAP SMEAR)
    Can detect epithelial cell

    abnormalities :
    Atypical Squamous Cell

    Undeterminated Significance

    Squamous intraepithelial
    lesions

    Squamous cell carcinoma.

    Pap Smear should be


    done ONCE A YEAR, after
    they start havingsexual
    intercourse.

    COLPOSCOPY &

    BIOPSIES

    Main indication:
    Pap test with abnormal cells

    + NOT visible tumour.


    If tumour visible Biopsy.

    Cervical Biopsies:

    Colposcopic biopsy

    Endocervical curettage

    Cone biopsy

    GOLD STANDARD BIOPSY.

    SPREAD OR DISSEMINATION
    Direct
    extension

    Hematogen
    ous Spread

    Lymphatic
    embolizatio
    n

    FIGO STAGING

    STAGE-BASED TREATMENT

    STAGE 0 TREATMENT
    Carcinoma in situ (stage 0) is treated with local ablative

    or excisional measures such ascryosurgery, laser


    ablation, and loop excision;
    Surgical removal is preferred

    STAGE 1A1 TREATMENT


    The treatment of choice for stage IA1 disease is surgery.
    Total hysterectomy, radical hysterectomy, and conization

    are accepted procedures

    STAGE IA2, IB, OR IIA


    Combined external beam radiation with brachytherapy

    and radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic


    lymphadenectomy for patients with stage IB or IIA
    disease.
    Radical vaginal trachelectomy with pelvic lymph node

    dissection is appropriate for fertility preservation in


    women with stage IA2 disease and those with stage IB1
    disease whose lesions are 2 cm or smaller

    STAGE IIB, III, OR IVA


    Cisplatin-based chemotherapy with radiation is the

    standard of care.

    STAGE IVB AND RECURRENT


    CANCER
    Individualized therapy is used on a palliative basis; radiation

    therapy is used alone for control of bleeding and pain;


    systemic chemotherapy is used for disseminated disease

    IMMUNIZATION
    Evidence suggests that HPV vaccines prevent HPV

    infection.[
    The following 2 HPV vaccines are approved by the FDA:
    Gardasil :

    Cervarix :

    Quadrivalen
    t vaccine

    Girls and
    women 926 years

    cervical
    cancer and
    also genital
    warts and
    anal

    6, 11, 16,
    and 18

    males 9-26
    years of
    age

    bivalent
    vaccine

    girls and
    women 925 years of
    age

    cervical
    cancer

    HPV types
    16 and 18

    SURVIVAL RATES

    Ia
    95%
    IV
    15%
    III
    36%

    Ib
    80%
    II
    63%

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