Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 642 views

    Hydro Dynamic Forces

    Uploaded by

    vikasgahlyan
    This document discusses hydrodynamic downpull forces on vertical lift gates used to control water flow. Vertical lift gates move vertically in their own plane and are subjected to considerable hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads. Accurately predicting downpull is important for gate and hoist design. Downpull is calculated based on coefficients that vary with gate opening, thickness, bottom geometry, and other factors. Physical model studies are used to determine these coefficients and optimize gate design for minimum downpull.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydro Dynamic Forces

    Uploaded by

    vikasgahlyan
    642 views34 pages
    This document discusses hydrodynamic downpull forces on vertical lift gates used to control water flow. Vertical lift gates move vertically in their own plane and are subjected to considerable hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads. Accurately predicting downpull is important for gate and hoist design. Downpull is calculated based on coefficients that vary with gate opening, thickness, bottom geometry, and other factors. Physical model studies are used to determine these coefficients and optimize gate design for minimum downpull.

    Original Description:

    uplift and downpull

    Original Title

    Hydro Dynamic Forces - Copy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses hydrodynamic downpull forces on vertical lift gates used to control water flow. Vertical lift gates move vertically in their own plane and are subjected to considerable hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads. Accurately predicting downpull is important for gate and hoist design. Downpull is calculated based on coefficients that vary with gate opening, thickness, bottom geometry, and other factors. Physical model studies are used to determine these coefficients and optimize gate design for minimum downpull.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    642 views34 pages

    Hydro Dynamic Forces

    Uploaded by

    vikasgahlyan
    This document discusses hydrodynamic downpull forces on vertical lift gates used to control water flow. Vertical lift gates move vertically in their own plane and are subjected to considerable hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads. Accurately predicting downpull is important for gate and hoist design. Downpull is calculated based on coefficients that vary with gate opening, thickness, bottom geometry, and other factors. Physical model studies are used to determine these coefficients and optimize gate design for minimum downpull.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that vertical lift gates are used to control water flow at hydraulic structures like dams and barrages. They are subjected to significant downpull forces due to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic effects of the water. Accurately predicting downpull is important for gate and hoist design as well as safety.

    Vertical lift gates are used to control water flow, intake of water for hydroelectric plants, irrigation, navigation locks, flood protection, equipment protection and maintenance, and level control in reservoirs.

    The downpull force is influenced by the operating head, gate opening, gate bottom geometry, clearances, thickness of components, radius of curvature on the bottom, and dimensions of any shaft recess.

    Hydro Dynamic Forces (Downpull)

    on
    Vertical Lift Gates

    BY
    VIKASH GAHLYAN

    L&T Construction Infrastructure


    Heavy Civil & Transportation - EDRC

    INTRODUCTION
    Definition
    Gates are the hydraulic control equipments used to control the flow of water.
    Necessity
    In case of large hydraulic structures like barrage, dam, or power station, it becomes
    necessary to control the flow of water. In these situations the use of gates becomes
    necessary.

    VERTICAL LIFT GATE

    Those gates which are rectangular in shape and are supported by guides
    in which gates move vertically in their own plane.
    Method of movement:

    Sliding types.

    Fixed wheel gates.

    MAIN COMPONENT OF GATE

    Skin Plate
    Vertical Stiffener
    Horizontal Girder
    End Girder
    Seal Assembly
    Embedded parts
    Guide roller

    Vertical Lift Gate


    Roller assembly
    Roller Track

    MAIN APPLICATION OF GATE

    Flood protection works


    Equipment Protection(Turbines)
    Level control in reservoirs
    Cleaning of reservoirs
    Equipment Maintenance
    Closure of river diversion
    Intake works for hydroelectric plants
    Irrigation
    Navigation-Lock gates

    LOADING ON GATES

    Hydrostatic load

    Hydro-dynamic forces

    In case of gates located in conduits increase in head due to sub


    atmospheric pressure

    Earth quake forces

    Silt load wherever applicable

    Ice load wherever applicable

    WHY WE CALCULATE HYDRO DYNAMIC FORCE?

    To economize the gate and hoist cost.

    To ensure proper operation and safety.

    To select hoist capacity.

    Dimensions of hoisting configurations.

    Hence accurate prediction of the force is essential.


    Failure of several dams attributed to fault in design or operation of high head gates.
    Causes of failure:

    Cavitation damage & erosion caused by high velocity of flow.

    Vibrations.

    Hydro-dynamic forces.

    WHAT IS DOWNPULL?

    The
    gates
    are
    subjected
    to
    considerable static pressure on the
    top of the gate
    Hydro-dynamic effect of water flowing
    past the bottom of the gate is
    substantial.
    Unbalanced vertical hydro dynamic
    forces
    Downward force on the top of the gate
    Upward force on the bottom of the
    gate

    DOWNPULL CALCULATION
    D = Kd Ab g H
    where
    Kd = Down pull coefficient.
    Ab = Horizontal area of gate bottom.
    g = Specific weight of water.
    H = Total u/s head.

    Kd = K t - K b
    Kt = Down pull coefficient for the forces acting on the top gate surface.
    Kb = Uplift coefficient for the forces acting on the bottom of gate.

    FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR MODEL STUDY


    It is in general not possible to extend the results of one particular study to
    another with different geometry because results are sensitive to

    Gate seal.

    Gate shaft.

    Gate slot configuration.

    Gate bottom geometry.

    VERTICAL LIFT GATE INSTALLATION

    GEOMETRICAL FACTORS FOR TYPICAL VERTICAL


    LIFT GATE

    PARAMETERS FOR MODEL STUDY


    1. Gate Opening

    y/y0 varies from 0 to 1


    where
    y = gate opening
    y0 = gate height
    Variation in down pull coefficients kb, kt, and kd for
    Sloping bottom gates with = 450
    Flat bottom gates with lip e/d = 0.45
    Flat bottom gates with lip e/d = 0.6

    Typical Variation of Kb & Kt with y/y0

    Typical Variation of Kd with y/y0

    2. GATE THICKNESS

    Thickness d of main horizontal member is determined by structural and economic


    consideration.

    Thickness d is selected to limit the deflection of the gate normally to 1/800 of span
    and to avoid stress concentration at the wheels.

    Therefore d/y0 is independent of hydraulic considerations.

    INFLUENCE OF d/y0 & VARIATION OF Kb WITH y/y0

    INFLUENCE OF d/y0 & VARIATION OF Kd WITH y/y0

    3. WALL AND SLOT EFFECTS

    Gate slots of vertical lift gates are relatively large as they accommodate
    wheel assemblies and wheel tracks, in addition to gate guides.

    Large slots cause slowing of velocity of flow and consequent rise in the
    pressures at gate bottom.

    INFLUENCE OF SIDE WALL AND SLOT ON GATE


    BOTTOM

    4. SHAFT HEIGHT

    Vertical lift gate installations have tall gate shaft extending above maximum
    reservoir water level.

    Model studies are frequently carried out with bonnet covers to avoid
    construction of tall gate shaft in laboratory.

    Down pull forces estimated under such conditions will be erroneous.

    A relatively narrow water passage between gate top and bonnet cover can
    create sufficient head and lower the measured piezometric pressures on gate
    top.

    5. LIP EXTENSION

    For flat bottom gates with lip extensions,


    the down pull on the gate at any gate opening decreases with increase in e/d
    ratio
    e = Lip extension below the bottom beam
    d = Depth of the gate
    Lip length should not exceed 0.5 d.

    GATE BOTTOM GEOMETRY

    r
    e

    e*
    y

    VARIATION OF HYDRAULIC DOWNPULL WITH LIP


    LENGTH

    EXPERIMENT RESULTS

    Lip length should not exceed 0.5 d.

    450 bottom slope is often satisfactory.

    Lip extension to be 0.4 to 0.6 times depth of bottom horizontal beam.

    The up thrust on the bottom of the gate may exceed its submerged weight.

    Net uplift forces may prevent closure of the gate.

    Such uplift forces are to be taken in the design.

    6. BOTTOM CURVATURE
    Vertical lift gates area usually manufactured using wide flange beams or
    built up plate girders. However, gates with curvature on the upstream
    bottom edge are not uncommon.
    Figure shows influence of r/d on the down pull coefficient kd for gates with
    e/d = 0.3
    e/d = 0.45
    Where r = radius of curvature

    INFLUENCE OF r/d ON DOWN PULL

    7. SKIN PLATE AND TOP SEAL


    Bottom seal of vertical lift gates flat rubber
    Top seal music note or double stem
    d1 = sum of thickness of skin plate and top seal assembly to ensure self closure of
    vertical lift gates under gravity,

    increasing d1/d ratio can be helpful in producing adequate down pull to overcome
    frictional forces which are maximum at small gate openings.

    This can be accomplished by shifting the bottom seal of the gate upstream with
    respect to the top seal.

    8. GATE CLEARANCE

    Influence of a/b on water levels in open type gate shafts is shown.

    Increase in a/b values increases gate shaft water levels.

    With higher value of a/b down pull will be reduced.

    INFLUENCE OF a/b ON GATE SHAFT WATER LEVELS

    9. SHAFT RECESS

    In emergency gate installations, a recess is provided in the downstream wall of


    gate shaft above top seal seat to reduce down pull.

    Also sometimes it is provided in tunnel type installations. Reduction of down pull,


    is often not desirable at small gate openings when the frictional forces on the gate
    are at maximum values.

    Hence, recess should be discontinued at gate openings less than about 20% and
    at openings greater than about 80% of conduit height.

    CONCLUSION
    Down pull on high head vertical lift gate is influenced by

    Operating head

    Gate opening

    Gate bottom geometry

    Clearances between the gate and u/s side of the gate and between the top seal
    and downstream skin plate of the gate

    Thickness of the skin plate and top seal assembly

    Thickness of gate

    Radius of curvature on the u/s bottom portion of the gate

    Depth and height of the recess on the d/s face of the gate shaft.

    REFERENCES

    Design of Hydraulic Gates by Paulo C.F. Erbisti.

    Hydraulic Gates and Valves by Jack Lewin.


    Sagar BTA (1977), Downpull in high-head gate installation.
    Hydraulic studies of pressure distribution around vertical lift gates, Indian Journal
    of Science and Technology,Vol. 5 No. 3 (Mar 2012) ISSN: 0974- 6846.
    Prediction Downpull foeces on tunnel gate with different gate lip geometry, Journal
    of Kerbala University, Vol. 8 No.4 Scientific 2010.
    Hydraulic and gravity forces Hydraulic design criteria , Corps of engineers, U.S.
    Army.
    New High Head Leaf Gate Form with Smooth Upstream Face Depth and height of
    the recess on the d/s face of the gate shaft. Faculty of Civil Engineering and
    Architecture, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, Nis, Serbia Vienna University of
    Technology, Karlsplatz 4/222, Vienna, Austria.

    THANK YOU

    You might also like