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    Light Communications

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    Nur Zaidan
    Infrared (IR) communication uses pulses of light to transmit data in the infrared spectrum. It cannot use amplitude or sign to encode information like wired communication, so it relies on modulation schemes like serial infrared (SIR), SDLC-based MIR, and fast infrared (FIR) which represent binary data as pulses of light. IR communication has advantages over wireless radio frequency in being inexpensive for shorter ranges, but has limitations of requiring line of sight and not being able to penetrate walls. It is also regulated differently than lower frequency wireless signals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Light Communications

    Uploaded by

    Nur Zaidan
    86 views9 pages
    Infrared (IR) communication uses pulses of light to transmit data in the infrared spectrum. It cannot use amplitude or sign to encode information like wired communication, so it relies on modulation schemes like serial infrared (SIR), SDLC-based MIR, and fast infrared (FIR) which represent binary data as pulses of light. IR communication has advantages over wireless radio frequency in being inexpensive for shorter ranges, but has limitations of requiring line of sight and not being able to penetrate walls. It is also regulated differently than lower frequency wireless signals.

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    modul pembelajaran

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    Infrared (IR) communication uses pulses of light to transmit data in the infrared spectrum. It cannot use amplitude or sign to encode information like wired communication, so it relies on modulation schemes like serial infrared (SIR), SDLC-based MIR, and fast infrared (FIR) which represent binary data as pulses of light. IR communication has advantages over wireless radio frequency in being inexpensive for shorter ranges, but has limitations of requiring line of sight and not being able to penetrate walls. It is also regulated differently than lower frequency wireless signals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    86 views9 pages

    Light Communications

    Uploaded by

    Nur Zaidan
    Infrared (IR) communication uses pulses of light to transmit data in the infrared spectrum. It cannot use amplitude or sign to encode information like wired communication, so it relies on modulation schemes like serial infrared (SIR), SDLC-based MIR, and fast infrared (FIR) which represent binary data as pulses of light. IR communication has advantages over wireless radio frequency in being inexpensive for shorter ranges, but has limitations of requiring line of sight and not being able to penetrate walls. It is also regulated differently than lower frequency wireless signals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Infrared (IR) Communication

    Light Spectrum
    Microwaves
    Radio (RF)

    109

    Visible
    Infrared (IR)

    1012

    X-Rays
    Ultraviolet

    1014 1015

    1017

    Gamma
    Rays

    1020

    Freq.
    (Hz)

    FCC

    Implementation costs rise significantly around 1-10 GHz. (But


    one important exception is IR at around 500 THz ; very
    inexpensive.)
    Signals above 100 GHz cannot penetrate walls
    Most signals below 300 GHz are regulated by the FCC

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    2/44

    How do you Transmit with IR

    No conductor

    Signal spreads from origin


    Signal strength decreases with distance

    Cant use amplitude

    Too much noise from other IR sources (lights, people, etc.)

    Cant use sign (no +/-)

    Solution: Modulation

    Send pulses of light to represent binary information

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    3/44

    Modulation Schemes

    SIR - Serial Infrared

    2400bps to 115,200bps
    SIR modem is simple and low-cost

    SDLC-based MIR

    576Kbps and 1.152Mbps


    guarantees a minimal occurrence rate of light pulses

    FIR - Fast Infrared

    4Mbps
    power usage constant (always the same)

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    4/44

    SIR - Serial Infrared Modulation

    1.6us (or 3/16 bit interval) pulse of light for each


    0 in a standard asynchronous data stream

    Inverse of serial RS-232 where signal is held high, then pulled


    down for zeros

    Stream consists of a start bit, N data bits, and 1


    stop bit (serial packet)

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    5/44

    SDLC-based MIR

    A data stream 0 is coded for by the presence of


    an optical pulse 1/4 of the bit interval in duration
    (217ns for 1.152Mbps)
    The SDLC protocol, with its zero-insertion bitstuffing approach, guarantees a minimal
    occurrence rate of zeroes (and therefore light
    pulses) in the data stream
    This also ensures
    synchronization between a
    transmitter and receiver
    can be maintained
    throughout a packet

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    6/44

    FIR - Fast Infrared

    More Ethernet-like in its framing

    a packet is made up of a preamble, start of frame delimiter


    (SFD) and a data payload.

    Utilizes 1:4 Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)

    each pair of bits in the data stream are represented by a pulse


    of light emitted in one of 4 available slot positions which
    comprise a 4PPM symbol

    PPM always requires a pulse


    for each slot, so power
    usage is independent of the
    data

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    7/44

    IR Communication Protocols

    To use IR hardware easily, we build up layers of


    protocol that get us farther away from the
    implementation each step.
    Common Protocols:
    Serial IR
    IrDA

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    8/44

    Differences between Waves and Wire

    Distance/$$$

    Wave transmissions are much more expensive than wire

    Speed

    Wire is a very simple and highly controllable medium which allows for
    much higher transfer rates

    Limitations
    IR:

    Line of Sight - IR can not travel through opaque objects, so transceivers must be able to
    see each other. For many commercial products they must be within 15 of each other.
    Signal Power - even though we can not see IR, making the signal too strong can easily
    blind us

    RF:

    FCC Regulation
    Interference with objects and other RF waves

    CSE 477 Winter 1999

    Introduction

    9/44

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