Driving Heavy Duty Engine Oil Towards API CI-4

Driving Heavy Duty
Engine Oil towards API

CI-4
What is CI-4?
Quality upgrade to Heavy Duty Engine

Oils (HDEOs), previously referred to as
Proposed Category 9 (PC-9)
Necessary due to environmental

emissions legislation and increased
vehicle performance
A new category of engine oil, licensable

by API on September 5, 2002
2
Drivers Behind CI-4

U.S. EPA Clean Air Act
Increased Vehicle
Up-time
OEM Engine Redesign
Demand for
Reduced Waste
Increased Stress on
Engine Oil
Demand for
Extended Service Intervals
Increased Need for Higher Quality Engine Oils
Diesel Engine Emission Standards

2
1991
1994
1998
2004
Unburned HC
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
NOx
5.0
5.0
4.0
2.0*
Carbon Monoxide
15.5
15.5
15.5
15.5
Particulate Matter
0.25
0.1
0.1
0.1
*Alternate target is a total of 2.5 for combined Nox

and non-methane hydrocarbons
All values are measured in grams per brake horsepower-hour.

Limits apply to engines at end of useful life
EGR Challenges for HDEOs
Increased Soot
Development tests show higher levels of soot production due to EGR
Volatility
All grades must meet a 15% max Noack Volatility test (A challenge for Group I base
stocks)
Low Temperature Pumpability

New requirement for heavy duty diesel engine oils
Used oils must demonstrate pumpability after being loaded with soot in an engine test
Increased Engine Temperatures

The engine coolant will also be used in the EGR cooler.
Average coolant temperature will be higher.
More tendency for oil to thicken due to oxidation
Increased Corrosion
Cooled EGR potentially leads to condensation which promotes Acid Rain in some
test engines
Will not happen in marketed engines but there will be higher acid levels in the engine
and in the oil.
OEM Approvals
Mack
Specification Levels
EO-N : Expectation is Mack will by-pass this specification and only approve oils
meeting Mack EO-N Premium Plus.
EO-N Premium Plus : Intended to define premium oil performance. Extra
chemistry beyond CI-4 will likely be required.
DURON XL Synthetic Blend is Mack EO-N Premium Plus approved!
EO-N Premium Plus drives the market to Group II base oils, keeping DURON XL
Synthetic Blend well ahead of the pack.
Cummins
Two Specification Levels expected
CES 20078 : The values basically follow the CI-4 test limits, however two additional
engine tests have been added. DURON heavy duty engine oils meet Cummins
20078.
CES 200XX : An extended drain specification which is unlikely to be released in
2002. Cummins wish to gain experience with EGR engines in the field first.
CI-4 is an Upgrade Over CH-4

Relative Performance
Based on Proposed
Limits
Benefits for
Both EGR
and
Non-EGR
engines
Piston Deposits
Shear Stability
Corrosion
HEUI Oil Aeration
Soot Thickening
Oxidation
Valve Train Wear
Used Oil Cold Pumpability
"CI-4"
CH-4
CG-4
CF-4
CF
Ring, Liner Wear
Filter Plugging
Oil Consumption
Sludge
Wear Control Highlighted in CI-4

In the use of EGR, NOx and Sulfur oxides are cooled before being
placed back into the intake manifold.
NOx + Sulfur oxides + Water Vapour
EGR Cooler
Nitric Acid + Sulfuric Acid
Acid Rain
Metal Engines (Iron, Lead) + Acid Rain
Corrosion
Mack T-10 (EGR) testing looks at Corrosive Wear

on Rings and Liners caused by these Acids
Soot Handling Increasingly Important

Mack T-8
(250 hour test)
6%
5%
4%
API CG-4
3%
API CF-4
2%
6%
Better Soot Handling Performance
API CH-4
Mack EO-M
Cummins CES 20072
Mack T-8E
(300 hour test)
5%
4%
3%
2%
Mack EO-M Plus

Cummins CES 20076
The latest OEM

approval level,
performance
beyond API CH-4.
Test made more
severe by
increasing the
length of the test
from 250 to 300
hours.
With each new API or OEM category, the soot levels at which the
pass/fail limits are judged have been getting more stringent.
EGR will cause soot levels to go even higher
Quality of Base Oils in HDEO

Dispersant chemistry will help but when it comes to resisting viscosity
thickening due to soot, base oil quality matters even more.
Currently, HDEOs in engines with retarded timing absorb 1-3% soot.
HDEOs in EGR test engines have ended tests around 9% soot.
H igh e r B a s e O il Q ua lity = R e ta in F res h O i l Pr o per tie s L on ge r

( M ack T -8E T e st )
R o ta ti on a l V i sc o si ty (c P ) a t 1-01 s
100
80
G rou p I
(S ol ve nt R e fin ed )
G rou p I
(S ol ve nt R e fin ed )
HDEOs made
from base oils of
higher quality
(API Group II, III
and IV) thicken
less as soot
content rises,
compared to
Group I (solventrefined) HDEOs.
G roup II (H yd ro cr a ck ed )
G ro up III (H T S yn t he t ic )
60
Group I
Gro up IV (P A O C om m o n S yn t he t ic )
40
20
Group II, III, IV
0
0
So o t (% )
10
Soot Handling & Engine Durability

Cummins M-11 EGR evaluates valve train wear due to soot in an EGR engine
9% Soot
Crosshead / Valve Bridge Wear
PASS
FAIL
Excessive valve train wear timing problems and reduced engine efficiency.
11
CI-4 Timing
September 5, 2002
1st API
License
Approved
Category
10/01
9 Months for
program approvals
1/02
4/02
Mack
EO-N EO-N
cancelled
7/02
1/03
Mack
EPA Mandated Date
Premium Plus
Cummins
CES 20078
Revised 11/12/01
10/02
for Meeting 2004

Emission Limits
OEM Approvals
12
CI-4 Launch
Effective September 5, 2002
Overall Strategy
Re-launch DURON with API CI-4 credentials. Position DURON line as
superior in soot handling capabilities, superb low temperature properties
and excellent wear protection.
Continue to strengthen our hero product position for synthetics and
synthetic blends, using DURON Synthetic as a halo product in all key
marketing communications. Position DURON Synthetic and DURON XL
Synthetic Blend as an up-sell from DURON. Capitalize on unique position
DURON XL Synthetic Blend 15W-40 has with Mack EO-N Premium Plus
approval.
Provide marketing collateral materials, advertising support, cost-savings
proof statements and a strong warranty commitment to grow DURON sales
in Canada, USA and RoW.
Competitively price, capturing added value associated with API CI-4
performance boost.
13
CI-4 Launch Support Materials

Marketing Collateral
DURON Family Poster
Synthetic products for the Rig Brochure
DURON, DURON XL, DURON SYN advertisements
Tech Datas
Sell Sheets
Testimonials
DURON Performance Warranty (for Duron XL / Duron
Synthetic)
News release and media placement of testimonials
Petro-Canada.com
14
Petro-Canada Lubricants Strengths
Strong product quality.

HT / VHVI Blend Stock Advantage
Known for customer service and distribution. Well established in Canada.
PC is growing critical mass in:
United States
Europe
Asia & Latin / Southern America
Competitive pricing for higher quality products.

Capable, knowledgeable and motivated selling force.
Strong technical service and support.
Numerous cost saving and extended drain customer testimonials.
15
Industry Trends
PC-10 is Coming
From an Industry standpoint, CI-4 is done and work on PC-10

has begun. PC-10 will involve exhaust aftertreatment devices
(catalysts) to meet the 2007 EPA requirements.
This will require heavy duty engine oils with much lower
restrictions on Phosphorus and Sulfur levels and the use of low
Sulfur diesel fuel to keep from ruining the catalyst.
16
Summary
EGR and 2002 engines represent the most severe

engine challenge heavy duty engine oils have ever faced
Base oil quality more important than ever. Group II
hydrocracked and Group III HT Synthetic base oils have
definite advantages over Group I conventional solventrefined. Group I oils cannot meet Mack EO-N Premium
Plus specifications.
Petro-Canada is ready with engine oils today to meet the
requirements of the new EGR engines. In fact, our
HDEOs have been CI-4 capable since 1998. This
means that Petro-Canada HDEOs have been providing
this extra protection since 1998 and will continue in the
future to provide protection above and beyond industry
standards.
17
Thank You!
18

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Driving Heavy Duty

Engine Oil towards API

Quality upgrade to Heavy Duty Engine

Necessary due to environmental

A new category of engine oil, licensable

Drivers Behind CI-4

OEM Engine Redesign

Increased Need for Higher Quality Engine Oils

Diesel Engine Emission Standards

*Alternate target is a total of 2.5 for combined Nox

All values are measured in grams per brake horsepower-hour.

EGR Challenges for HDEOs

Low Temperature Pumpability

Increased Engine Temperatures

CI-4 is an Upgrade Over CH-4

HEUI Oil Aeration

Valve Train Wear

Used Oil Cold Pumpability

Ring, Liner Wear

Wear Control Highlighted in CI-4

NOx + Sulfur oxides + Water Vapour

Nitric Acid + Sulfuric Acid

Mack T-10 (EGR) testing looks at Corrosive Wear

Soot Handling Increasingly Important

Mack EO-M Plus

The latest OEM

Quality of Base Oils in HDEO

H igh e r B a s e O il Q ua lity = R e ta in F res h O i l Pr o per tie s L on ge r

Soot Handling & Engine Durability

Crosshead / Valve Bridge Wear

for Meeting 2004

Effective September 5, 2002

CI-4 Launch Support Materials

Petro-Canada Lubricants Strengths

Strong product quality.

Competitive pricing for higher quality products.

From an Industry standpoint, CI-4 is done and work on PC-10

EGR and 2002 engines represent the most severe

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