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    Impacts of Dam

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    Rohit Bansala
    Dams provide many benefits like irrigation, hydropower, flood control and domestic water supply, but they also have negative environmental and social impacts. Large dams displace many people from their homes and lands, disrupt ecosystems, interrupt fish migration, and change water flows and quality. Failures of dams have caused loss of life. While dams improve lives, their construction displaces tens of millions of people and damages cultural and sacred sites. Engineers must consider social and environmental issues and ensure proper rehabilitation of displaced communities.

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    Impacts of Dam

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Bansala
    85 views21 pages
    Dams provide many benefits like irrigation, hydropower, flood control and domestic water supply, but they also have negative environmental and social impacts. Large dams displace many people from their homes and lands, disrupt ecosystems, interrupt fish migration, and change water flows and quality. Failures of dams have caused loss of life. While dams improve lives, their construction displaces tens of millions of people and damages cultural and sacred sites. Engineers must consider social and environmental issues and ensure proper rehabilitation of displaced communities.

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    dams have both positive and negative impacts on environment

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    Dams provide many benefits like irrigation, hydropower, flood control and domestic water supply, but they also have negative environmental and social impacts. Large dams displace many people from their homes and lands, disrupt ecosystems, interrupt fish migration, and change water flows and quality. Failures of dams have caused loss of life. While dams improve lives, their construction displaces tens of millions of people and damages cultural and sacred sites. Engineers must consider social and environmental issues and ensure proper rehabilitation of displaced communities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    85 views21 pages

    Impacts of Dam

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Bansala
    Dams provide many benefits like irrigation, hydropower, flood control and domestic water supply, but they also have negative environmental and social impacts. Large dams displace many people from their homes and lands, disrupt ecosystems, interrupt fish migration, and change water flows and quality. Failures of dams have caused loss of life. While dams improve lives, their construction displaces tens of millions of people and damages cultural and sacred sites. Engineers must consider social and environmental issues and ensure proper rehabilitation of displaced communities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    IMPACTS OF DAM

    BY:
    SHOBHIT KUMAR
    ROHIT KUMAR &
    KRISHNA NAND YADAV

    What is the function


    of a Dam/Reservoir?
    Reservoirs provide a means of regulating
    downstream surface water flows over
    space and time by altering the natural
    spatial and temporal distributions of
    stream flows

    Why Build Dams?


    TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF
    HUMAN LIFE BY PROVIDING

    Irrigation

    Recreation

    hydropower

    Flood control

    Water for Domestic and industrial use

    Inland navigation

    WATER FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL USE

    . Due to large variations in hydrological cycle, dams and reservoirs


    are required to be constructed to store water during periods of
    surplus water availability and conserve the same for utilization
    during lean periods when the water availability is scarce.

    Properly designed and well-constructed dams play a great role in


    optimally meeting the drinking water requirements of the people.

    Water stored in reservoirs is also used vastly for meeting industrial


    needs.

    Regulated flow of water from reservoirs help in diluting harmful


    dissolved substances in river waters during lean periods by
    supplementing low inflows and thus in maintaining and preserving
    quality of water within safe limits

    HYDRO
    POWER

    Energy plays a key role for socio-economic development of a


    country. Hydro power provides a cheap, clean and renewable
    source of energy.

    Hydro power is the most advanced and economically viable


    resource of renewable energy.

    Reservoir based hydroelectric projects provide much needed


    peaking power to the grid.

    Unlike thermal power stations, hydro power stations have fewer


    technical constraints and the hydro machines are capable of
    quick start and taking instantaneous load variations.

    IRRIGATION

    Dams and reservoirs are constructed to store surplus waters during wet
    periods, which can be used for irrigating arid lands. One of the major
    benefits of dams and reservoirs is that water flows can be regulated as per
    agricultural requirements of the various regions over the year.

    Dams and reservoirs render unforgettable services to the mankind for


    meeting irrigation requirements on a gigantic scale.

    Dams and reservoirs are most needed for meeting irrigation requirements
    of developing countries, large parts of which are arid zones.

    There is a need for construction of more reservoir based projects despite


    widespread measures developed to conserve water through other
    improvements in irrigation technology.

    RECREATION

    The reservoir made possible by constructing a dam


    presents a beautiful view of a lake. In the areas where
    natural surface water is scarce or non-existent, the
    reservoirs are a great source of recreation.

    Along with other objectives, recreational benefits such as


    boating, swimming, fishing etc. linked with lakes are also
    given due consideration at the planning stage to achieve
    all the benefits of an ideal multipurpose project.

    INLAND NAVIGATION

    Natural river conditions, such as changes in the flow rate and


    river level, ice and changing river channels due to erosion
    and sedimentation, create major problems and obstacles for
    inland navigation.

    The advantages of inland navigation, however, when


    compared with highway and rail are the large load carrying
    capacity of each barge, the ability to handle cargo with largedimensions and fuel savings.

    Enhanced inland navigation is a result of comprehensive


    basin planning and development utilizing dams, locks and
    reservoirs which are regulated to provide a vital role in
    realizing regional and national economic benefits.

    ENVIRONMENTAL
    ISSUES
    Dams change the chemical, physical and biological
    processes of river ecosystems. They alter free-flowing
    systems by reducing river levels and downstream
    ecosystems, blocking the flow of nutrients, changing
    water temperature and oxygen levels, and impeding or
    preventing fish and wildlife migration.

    ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF DAMS

    Cuts off water from floodplains and wetlands that are habitats to
    fish, birds and other species.
    Cuts off migration of fish, even with fish ladders
    Interrupt natural high-low flow patterns that many species need
    for normal reproduction cycles
    Cuts off sediment flow to down stream, Habitats; clear water
    further scours in-place sediments
    Reduces fresh water supplies to estuaries and costal areas, often
    destroying fish industries
    Promotes reproduction of mosquitos and other diseaseproducing organisms.

    Reservoirs trap nutrient-ladened sediments which


    accelerates cycle of eutrophication (O 2 depletion); lower
    layers of water often lack DO.

    Methane production due to decaying biomass is high in


    tropical reservoirs; this greenhouse gas is worse than co
    2and counters the greenhouse gas savings of hydropower.

    Releases from lower levels of reservoir alter temperature


    and do levels of river (affect waters ability capacity to
    process waste)

    Construction of dams and associated transmission lines


    and roads often destroy pristine wilderness

    WATER LOST TO EVAPORATION AND


    SEEPAGE
    Large reservoirs, especially in arid regions, can lose
    significant water to evaporation.
    Reservoirs in porous formations can lose significant
    volume to seepage.

    DAMS CAN BE UNSAFE: CAUSES OF FAILURE

    Overtopping caused by floods that exceed the capacity of


    the dam.

    Deliberate acts of sabotage.

    Structural failure of materials used in dam construction.

    Movement and/or failure of the foundation supporting the


    dam.

    Settlement and cracking of concrete or embankment


    dams.

    Piping and internal erosion of soil in embankment dams.

    Inadequate maintenance and upkeep.

    Dam failures have killed thousands and cost


    billions

    Human Impacts of Dams

    DISPLACEMENT:-

    Large dams have forced some 40-80


    million people from their lands in the
    past six decades, according to the world
    commission on dams. Indigenous, tribal,
    and peasant communities have been
    particularly hard hit. These legions of
    dam refugees have, in the great majority
    of cases, been economically, culturally
    and psychologically devastated.

    CHANGE CLIMATE:
    The change in climate, water, food and sanitary conditions, etc. Can
    affect the health of displaced persons. In the case of the pong, bhakra
    and Pandoh dams, people living in the hills of Himachal Pradesh were
    to be relocated to the Rajasthan desert. Similarly, people displaced by
    the Tehri dam have been shifted from the hills of Garhwal to the hot
    plains of Uttar Pradesh

    LOSS OF HOME:
    The forced abandonment of ones ancestral home is always traumatic
    and cannot be fully compensated for by a new house. In only five of
    the projects studied was it proposed to provide a replacement house.

    LOSS OF COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES:


    Rarely

    are attempts made to compensate for the loss of


    common property resources. Most displaced populations
    rely on free access to water, grasslands, forests, wetlands,
    riverbed land, fish, etc. They derive their income and
    subsistence from a host of natural resources, many of which
    may be unavailable at the rehabilitation site.
    CONFLICTS WITH HOST COMMUNITIES:
    Rehabilitation sites usually come up near existing
    settlements, causing tensions and conflicts between the
    host community and the displaced persons.

    LOSS OF CULTURAL SITES:


    Displacement causes psychological trauma due to the severing of
    cultural and religious links with ancestral surrounds .
    DHARI DEVI TEMPLE IN SRINAGAR GARHWAL

    BEFORE

    NOW

    CONCLUSION
    A billion people world wide do not have clean drinking water
    Most new agricultural development needs irrigation
    Approx. 2 billion people have no electricity
    The developing world is intent on continuing to build large
    dams

    As engineers, we want to be aware of all the issues and to be


    prepared to perform thorough technical analysis and sound
    designs.

    There should be effective monitoring of various rehabilitation


    programmes initiated to provide relief to the displaced people

    THANK YOU

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