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    19th Century English Literature

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    milkovicius
    The document provides historical context about Romanticism in 19th century English literature. It discusses: 1) The French Revolution from 1789-1794 which overthrew the monarchy and established a republic, followed by the Reign of Terror and execution of Louis XVI. 2) Napoleon Bonaparte who seized control of the government in 1799 and later crowned himself Emperor in 1804, establishing the First French Empire that ended in 1815 with his defeat and exile. 3) Two generations of English Romantic poets - the first including Blake, Wordsworth and Coleridge, and the second including Shelley, Keats and Byron - who rejected Neoclassicism in favor of embracing

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    19th Century English Literature

    Uploaded by

    milkovicius
    359 views58 pages
    The document provides historical context about Romanticism in 19th century English literature. It discusses: 1) The French Revolution from 1789-1794 which overthrew the monarchy and established a republic, followed by the Reign of Terror and execution of Louis XVI. 2) Napoleon Bonaparte who seized control of the government in 1799 and later crowned himself Emperor in 1804, establishing the First French Empire that ended in 1815 with his defeat and exile. 3) Two generations of English Romantic poets - the first including Blake, Wordsworth and Coleridge, and the second including Shelley, Keats and Byron - who rejected Neoclassicism in favor of embracing

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    The document provides historical context about Romanticism in 19th century English literature. It discusses: 1) The French Revolution from 1789-1794 which overthrew the monarchy and established a republic, followed by the Reign of Terror and execution of Louis XVI. 2) Napoleon Bonaparte who seized control of the government in 1799 and later crowned himself Emperor in 1804, establishing the First French Empire that ended in 1815 with his defeat and exile. 3) Two generations of English Romantic poets - the first including Blake, Wordsworth and Coleridge, and the second including Shelley, Keats and Byron - who rejected Neoclassicism in favor of embracing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    359 views58 pages

    19th Century English Literature

    Uploaded by

    milkovicius
    The document provides historical context about Romanticism in 19th century English literature. It discusses: 1) The French Revolution from 1789-1794 which overthrew the monarchy and established a republic, followed by the Reign of Terror and execution of Louis XVI. 2) Napoleon Bonaparte who seized control of the government in 1799 and later crowned himself Emperor in 1804, establishing the First French Empire that ended in 1815 with his defeat and exile. 3) Two generations of English Romantic poets - the first including Blake, Wordsworth and Coleridge, and the second including Shelley, Keats and Byron - who rejected Neoclassicism in favor of embracing

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 58
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    The passage provides an overview of the historical context and events surrounding the Romanticism movement in 19th century English literature, including the French Revolution and its impact.

    The three estates of the Old Regime in France were the clergy, nobility, and commoners (everyone else).

    The two stages of the French Revolution were the Moderate Stage from 1789-1791 and the Radical Stage from 1792-1794.

    19th Century English

    Literature

    Romanticism
    #1

    Historical
    Background

    Historical
    Contexts
    1780-1830
    1776 the American Revolution
    1789 the French revolutions
    Wars of national independence

    in Poland, Spain, Greece, and


    elsewhere
    changed from an agricultural
    society to an industrial one

    The French
    Revolution

    Class Conflict
    Three Estates (the Old Regime)
    First: clergy (1%)
    largest landowner, tax
    exemption
    Second: nobility (2%)
    best positions in government
    and army, tax exemption
    Third: everyone else (97%)
    heavy taxation, feudal dues

    http://jspivey.wi
    kispaces.com/P
    urpose+of+the
    +Three+Estates
    +JHK

    Eugne
    Delacroi
    x,
    Liberty
    Leading
    the
    People,
    1830

    http://www.griseldaonline.it/percorsi/5allegro_foto1
    0.htm

    Two Stages
    The Moderate Stage:
    1789-1791
    The Radical Stage:
    1792-1794

    The Moderate Stage


    May/June, 1789

    Louis XVI
    summoned the Estates General.
    June/July, 1789
    Third Estate
    declared itself the National Assembly.
    June, 1789
    Oath of the Tennis
    Court, the inaugural moment of the
    French Revolution
    July 14, 1789 the fall of the Bastille,
    symbol of the kings tyranny

    http://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.us/kstokes/Europe/european__history_and
    _culture.htm

    The Radical Stage


    1792-94
    The Second French Revolution
    1792 The monarchy was

    abolished and a republic


    established. Louis XVI was
    placed on trial and executed
    in 1793.

    The Radical Stage


    1792-94
    The Reign of Terror: 1793 The

    Jacobins rose to power. Maximilin


    Robespierre (1758-1794), the
    fanatic leader of the Jacobins,
    considered terror necessary. He
    urged harsh treatment for enemies
    of the republic. As many as 40,000
    people died during the Terror.

    The Guillotine
    http://i122.photobucket.com/albums/o270/Zappanos
    e/guillotine.jpg

    Execution of Louis XVI,


    http://burell9history.wikispaces.com/Robespierre's+Journal
    ++Jan+21+1793

    Execution of Robespierre,
    http://static.desktopnexus.com/thumbnails/193987-

    After the Revolution


    1795-1799: The

    Directory
    1799-1815:
    Napoleon

    The Directory
    A board of 5 men
    Napoleon Bonarparte

    seized control of the


    new republican
    government in 1799.

    Napoleon Bonaparte
    1799-1804: Consolidating

    Authority
    1799
    1801
    1802
    1804

    emperor

    First Consul
    Concordat with the pope
    Consul for life
    Crowned himself

    Jacques-Louis
    David,
    Napoleon
    Crossing the
    Great Saint
    Bernard Pass,
    1800
    http://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.u
    s/kstokes/Europe/europe
    an__history_and_culture.
    htm

    Jacques-Louis David. Consecration of the Emperor


    Napoleon I and Coronation of the Empress
    Josephine on 2 December 1804. 1808.
    http://web.lincoln.k12.mi.us/buildings/ms/adams/Napoleo
    n_coronation.jpg

    Ingres,
    Napoleon
    on his
    Imperial
    Throne
    1806
    http://www.internetston
    es.com/imagefiles/coronation-ofnapoleon-bonaparteemperor-of-france.jpg

    Napoleon Bonaparte
    1806-1815: Napoleons

    downfall

    1806

    System
    1808
    1812
    1814
    1815

    The Continental
    Invaded Spain
    Invaded Russia
    Abdication
    Exile

    http://www.theotherside.co.uk/tm-

    http://teach
    erweb.ftl.pi
    necrest.edu
    /snyderd/M
    WH/Projects
    /cov/images
    /napoleon
    %20empire.

    Jean-Lon Grme, Napoleon and His General


    Staff in Egypt, 1867

    http://www.oceansbridge.com/paintings/museums/hermitage/Gerome
    %20Jean-Leon-xx-Napoleon%20in%20Egypt-xx-1863.jpg

    http://www.fromoldbooks.org/HorneGreatMenFamousWomen/241-Napoleon-and-the-Sphinx-q75500x299.jpg

    Antoine-Jean Gros, Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting


    the Plague-stricken at Jaffa, 1799
    http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/art/19th/painting/
    jaffa1.jpg

    Antoine-Jean Gros, Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the


    Plague-stricken at Jaffa, 1804
    http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/art/19th/painting/jaffa2.jpg

    Francisco Goya. The Third of


    May, 1808.

    http://www4.gvsu.edu/pozzig/european_civ2/ima
    ges/goya.jpg

    http://www.memo.fr/article.asp?

    Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    1712-1778
    Man is born free, but

    everywhere he is in chains.
    Take the course opposite to
    custom and you will almost
    always do well.
    I may not be better than other

    people, but at least I'm different.

    "The world of reality has its

    limits; the world of imagination is


    boundless."

    Sturm und Drang


    1760s-1780s
    Originally its the title of a 1776 play

    about the American Revolution.


    Translations: storm and stress,
    storm and urge, passion and energy,
    energy and rebellion,
    Anti-enlightenment:
    Storm the sublime
    Stress/urgeemotions

    http://books.gigaimg.co
    m/avaxhome/avaxhom
    e/2008-0520/sdwe32.jpg

    http://www.goethezeitportal.de/fileadmin/
    Images/db/wiss/goethe/schnellkurs_goeth
    e/k_3/werthers_tod.jpg

    English
    Romanticism

    Two Generations
    First

    generation
    Blake
    Wordswort

    h
    Coleridge

    Second

    generation
    Shelley
    Keats
    Byron

    Two Generations
    (1) Age: The second

    generation all died relatively


    young.
    oShelleya month before his
    30th birthday

    oByron36
    oKeats26

    Two Generations
    (2) Social backgrounds:
    First generation:
    oBlakeworking class
    oWordsworth and Coleridgemiddle
    class
    Second generation:
    oKeatslower middle class
    oByron inherited a title and estate at
    10.
    oShelley was heir to a baronetcy .

    Two Generations
    (3) Historical experience:
    First: wartime literature
    There were revolutions across Europe

    in the 1790s.
    Fear of revolution and the conditions
    of war led to suppression of public
    meetings and censorship.
    Wordsworth and Coleridge turned
    away from their initial sympathy with
    the French revolution to opposition to
    it.

    Two Generations
    (3) Historical experience:
    Second: post-war alliances
    After the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo

    in 1815, nationalist movements sprang up


    across Europe.
    Shelley, Keats and Byron all accused
    Coleridge and Wordsworth of apostasy
    , that is, of having changed sides.
    Byron and Shelley both had links with such
    radical groups. Both chose to live in exile.

    Main Features

    Neo-classicism vs. Romanticism

    Neoclassicism
    Reason /clarity / order

    /restraint
    Moral / virtue / truth
    Simple / austere /
    monumental
    Balanced /symmetric /
    geometric

    Chiswick House, west London, Richard


    Boyle, 1729 http://www.london-architecture.info/LO-004.htm

    http://www.essentialarchitecture.com/STYLE/Quarenghi_smolny.jpg

    The White House, 1790s,


    http://www.american-architecture.info/USA/USA-Washington/DC001.htm

    Thomas Jefferson, University of Virginia,


    1819-26

    http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/Jeffersn.html

    Neoclassical Gardens
    The overriding

    impression of such
    gardens is of man's
    tyranny over nature.

    http://static1.unlike.net/system/photos/0022/4524/0.j
    pg?1230482155

    The Capability Brown gardens at Harewood


    House, Leeds.
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/enjoy-england/readers-

    Romanticism
    "Romantic" relates to the

    French word, "Roman,"


    meaning novel (as in a book).
    Art and Architecture tells a
    story in a captivating way,
    grabbing and holding your
    attention.

    http://www.bitdegree.ca/intranet/courses/IMD1000/CourseNotes

    03-7.html

    Tintern
    Abbey

    http://morethangrammar.com/graphics/tinternabbey.jp
    g

    http://www.wordsworth.org.
    uk/common/images/poetry/
    tintern_abbey.jpg

    http://www.uweb.
    ucsb.edu/~lalemi
    /tintern
    %20abbey.jpg

    Caspar David
    Friedrich,
    Wanderer above
    the Mists, c.
    1818.
    http://employees.oneonta.ed
    u/farberas/arth/arth110/arth
    110_sl20.html

    Caspar David Friedrich, Monastery Graveyard


    in the Snow, 1817/19
    http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/resourcesd/fri_clcem

    Romanticism
    Nature
    Emotion:

    sentimentality // nostalgia //
    melancholy
    Imagination: exotic //
    ecstatic // fantastic // gothic

    Romanticism in China
    Embraced by Chinese

    intellectuals.
    Arguably led to the
    modernization movement

    Writers

    2010 P. 8

    The End

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