3) Thyroid Gland MDSC 2101 2014
3) Thyroid Gland MDSC 2101 2014
3) Thyroid Gland MDSC 2101 2014
This
attachment
is
responsible
for
the
movement of the gland in the
process of swallowing and
phonation.
This is of clinical significance
in distinguishing a thyroid
mass from other cervical
masses. The latter will not
move during swallowing and
phonation.
Venous Drainage:
The thyroid gland is drained by three
pairs of
veins. These are:
The
superior
thyroid
vein
a
companion vein of
the superior thyroid artery drains
the superior
part of the gland into the internal
jugular vein
The middle thyroid vein which runs
parallel to
the inferior thyroid artery drains the
middle part
An
active,
hormonesynthesizing/secreting
gland
is
characterized by the conversion of
cuboidal epithelial cell to tall columnar
epithelial cells.
A second types of cells (Thyroid C cells
or Parafollicular cell C) are also
encountered in the thyroid gland.
These
are
often
found
singly
intervening amongst the epithelial cells
or in clusters in the septa between the
follicles.
They are usually larger than the
epithelial cell but pale staining with
abundant granular cytoplasm.
CLINICAL CORRELATES
THYROTOXICOSIS: There are two
forms of the disease:
1
Nodular Hyperplasia:
A small number of follicular cells may
undergo
hyperplasia
leading
to
continuous synthesis and secretion
of thyroid home without a resting,
inactive phase.
This is referred to as Nodular
Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland.
This might present as an isolated
HYPOTHYROIDISM:
There
are
various
forms
of
Hypothyroidism which includes:
Iodine Deficiency Goiter in which there
is
inadequate consumption of iodine
leading to
Impaired secretion of thyroid hormone
leading to