Ethical Egoism

Ethical Egoism
BARAAH AL-DAW AL-NOUR 1127510

MAZAR FAISAL YOUSEF AHMED 1122910
IZAT SHAKIRIN NOORDIN 1126177
NUR ATIEQA KAMAL ARIS 1129862
Introduction
* Ethical egoism(also known as simply egoism)
is thenormative ethicalposition thatmoral agents
ought to do what is in their ownself-interest.
* It is different from psychological egoism, which
claims thatpeople are only able to act upon their
self-interest. It is also different fromrational
egoism, which claims that it is rationalto act in
one's self-interest.
Introduction
* Ethical egoism doesnt necessarily require moral
agents to harm the interests and well-being of
others when making moral deliberation; e.g. what
is in an agent's self-interest may be incidentally
detrimental, beneficial, or neutral in its effect on
others.
* Ethical egoism is often used as the philosophical
basis for support ofright-libertarianism
andindividualist anarchism.These are political
positions based partly on a belief that individuals
should not coercively prevent others from
exercising freedom of action
Introduction
In this presentation we will be

discussing the various aspects of
Ethical Egoism. The causes of egoism,
The Principles of Ethical Egoism,
Differences between Ethical Relativism
and Egoism, and finally Forms of
THE CAUSES
OF EGOISM
SOCIAL OR CULTURAL EGOISM (prejudice for race

and town)
Culture is the total way of life and comprises lot of
dimensions.
Ethics vary from society to society (or culture to culture)
which individuals must look to their societys norms to

determine right and wrong in it.
Each societies views are correct for that society none is
better or worse than any other.

Prejudice for race and town is down of the basic factor that
causes cultural egoism. It also leads to the fact that some

of the past successors of the successors of the Prophet
(S.A.W) fabricate some hadith in favour of their race, town
and Imam.
This happens in Arab country where they do such an act on
their own selfish interest.
Example is the hadith which says love Arab for three
things, Muhammad is Arab, Quran is written in Arabic and

language of resurrection is Arabic. Meanwhile the Prophet
(S.A.W) never utter such a word during his lifetime.
UNIVERSAL EGOISM
This is the universal policy that everyone should follow
their own interests exclusively.
In man they have this sense of natural eagerness to
take pleasure in different kind of things namely: in

materialistic this can be in many forms such as getting
pleasure from eating, drinking, sexual pleasure and so
on or even non-materialistic which can be in the form of
having satisfaction through emotional and behavioural.
Differences between
Ethical Relativism and
Egoism
Ethical Relativism
It is a tendency to make ethical choices which reflect on the
basis of what looks right or reasonable based on ones own

believe or value system.
The two basic forms of relativism are:
Personal or Individual Ethical Relativism

This is whereby each individual has his or her own
ethical analysis on a particular subject. There is no

individual who can claim that his or her view is better
than the others.
Social or Cultural Relativism

In this form the ethics differ from society to society or
culture to culture. By this each person should refer to their
norm of society so as to decide what is right and wrong. The
views of that society are acceptable for that society,
therefore there is no such thing as one society view is
better or worse than the other.
EGOISM
It is a view that a person does what he wants to do in his
self-interest or goal in order to have an advantage of that

situation for himself.
The two basic forms of ethical egoism are:
Psychological egoism
This is the only achievable motivation of people is drawn on
their own self-interest. People cannot act on doing

something that they do not want to do because what they
want to do is basically clarified in terms of our own personal
self-interest.
Ethical egoism
This claims that the only pleasing motivation should be from
the self interest. It is when a person does what he wants to

do just to please himself alone.
PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL EGOISM
Principles
of Faith
Principles
Of Ethical
Egoism
Principles
of Justice
Principles
of Trust
Principles of Faith
Only to the Divine

Forms an act of
worshipping
Drives pure
intention
Principles of Trust
Following
the
Prophets
Sunnah
From
where man
puts FAITH
Trust
Motivate:
to please
Allah S.
W.T.
Principles of Justice
Object of
Rational
choice
Basic
Structure of
the Society
From the basis of moral principle..
INDIVIDUAL
Own natural
duties
Not to satisfy
ones wants &
needs but to
others.
ISSUE!
Whether an
individuals
actions are what
may cause help or
harming others
because of our
interests
= ALTRUISM
A person may not know others interest but

bound to help.
Practice of concern for the welfare of others
Promotes ones interest; egoist at the end
pursue own interest
ALTRUISM
Besides ethical egoism

(a)
Subjective
Egoism
Mans self ego
persists with a
bunch of desires to
benefit himself
Eg: A person have plans

to reach his goals to fulfill
his desire but it may not
be reached FAILED
ETHICAL THEORY
(b) Classical
Egoism
One should achieve
their own rational selfinterest by arranging
standards of making
our own happy life
Demolish factors of
failure; put forth on what
the aim of wanting is.
THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)
Egoism of one person

enables to enact an act
of action on achieving
their fuLfillment of
goals by not including
the harming & offenses
of others, teaches not to
lie & to keep promises
made when it comes to
the lines of reasoning
FORMS OF ETHICAL EGOISM
CATEGORIES
(a) Individual
Ethical
Egoism
(b) Personal
Ethical
Egoism
(c) Universal
Ethical
Egoism
(A) PERSONAL ETHICAL EGOISM
Definition
People
should act
anything
that can
benefit
them.
They have
no interest
about
others
Not apply
to
everyone
Personal
Ethical
Egoism
Selfish
They state
what one
person is
going to do
Unethical
Claim others to act on their own
Claims everyone should act

based on their own self-interest
One-for-one ; should do what
they wanted to
Act based
on
(B) INDIVIDUAL ETHICAL EGOISM
(C) UNIVERSAL ETHICAL EGOISM
Group
selfinterests
Related
with
Individual
Ethical
Egoism
Conclusion
In conclusion, Islam condemns egoism which is the care
of greatest good of oneself alone. The social or cultural
egoism such as the Arab countries have even gone to
the extent to fabricate some hadith in favor of their race,
town and Imam to act upon their own selfish interest.
Basically, egoism here has to be in line with the divine
words of Allah (S.W.T) and following the best model of
our Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).

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Ethical Egoism

BARAAH AL-DAW AL-NOUR 1127510

In this presentation we will be

SOCIAL OR CULTURAL EGOISM (prejudice for race

which individuals must look to their societys norms to

better or worse than any other.

causes cultural egoism. It also leads to the fact that some

This happens in Arab country where they do such an act on

their own selfish interest.

Example is the hadith which says love Arab for three

things, Muhammad is Arab, Quran is written in Arabic and

This is the universal policy that everyone should follow

their own interests exclusively.

In man they have this sense of natural eagerness to

take pleasure in different kind of things namely: in

basis of what looks right or reasonable based on ones own

The two basic forms of relativism are:

Personal or Individual Ethical Relativism

ethical analysis on a particular subject. There is no

Social or Cultural Relativism

self-interest or goal in order to have an advantage of that

their own self-interest. People cannot act on doing

the self interest. It is when a person does what he wants to

PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL EGOISM

Only to the Divine

From the basis of moral principle..

A person may not know others interest but

Besides ethical egoism

Eg: A person have plans

THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)

Egoism of one person

FORMS OF ETHICAL EGOISM

(A) PERSONAL ETHICAL EGOISM

Claims everyone should act

(B) INDIVIDUAL ETHICAL EGOISM

(C) UNIVERSAL ETHICAL EGOISM

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