3gpp Architecture Evolution

3GPP presentation
Architecture evolution
Moscow, October 2008
3GPP TSG CT Chairman
Hannu Hietalahti
Contents
Migration from GSM to multi-access IP multimedia
From GSM to multi-access
SIM/USIM/ISIM support
Security evolution
System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
IMS
Multi-mode terminals and networks
Service continuity
Multiple registration
Voice Call Continuity
CS Fallback
Network selection
2
From GSM to multi-access

Continuous improvement of access technologies
Provision of services over any access network
Common Core network
GSM 1800 GSM 1900

GSM 900
GSM ph.1
GPRS
R97
3G
EDGE
R98
R99
Packet
Cable
HSPA
WLAN
Fixed
Rel-5/6
Rel-6/7
WiMAX?
E-UTRAN
Rel-8 and onwards
...and lets make it IP all the way to the terminal !
SIM / USIM / ISIM support

GSM Ph.2 R98
R99 Rel-4
Rel-5 Rel-7
Rel-8 ->
???
GSM phone
UMTS 3G phone
IP Multimedia
SAE
GSM phase 2
Mandatory SIM
No USIM support
Optional GPRS
(R97 ->)
WCDMA or EDGE
Mandatory SIM
USIM support is:
Mandatory for
WCDMA
Optional for
GSM/EDGE
IMS
Mandatory USIM
No SIM specs
Optional support of
legacy SIM
ISIM support
mandatory for IMS
ME
WLAN (Rel-6)
SAE
USIM mandatory
for SAE access
3G AKA security
SIM access not
allowed any more
No need to update
legacy USIM
IMC as alternative
to ISIM for non3GPP access
4
Security evolution
SIM
security
in USIM
Phase 2 SIM UICC Smartcard, R99 ->

SIM Appl USIM ApplicationISIM Appl
SIM
2G
2G
3G
3G
2G
AKA
AKA AKA
AKA
AKA
RAND
GSM
security
SRES
Kc
SIM
application
in UICC
RAND
SRES
Kc
RAND+
AUTN
RANDRAND
+AUTN
SRES
Kc
RES
Ck
Ik
RES
Ck
Ik
IMS 3G
AKA in
ISIM
3G AKA
in UICC
SIP 401
Authentication Request
(RAND Unauthori
)
, AUTN
sed
System Architecture Evolution

(SAE)
LTE = E-UTRAN = evolved radio network

Megabit class data rates
Short delays
Short transition from idle to active
SAE = System Architecture evolution

Evolved IP oriented multi access architecture
E-UTRAN integrates only to SAE, A/Gb or Iu not possible

Strongly IP based PS only network
SAE covers both 3GPP and non-3GPP access technologies
Seamless roaming between E-UTRAN, 2G and 3G (tight interworking)
Loose interworking with non-3GPP accesses
Currently work is progressing on GTP for intra-3GPP mobility and
IETF based mobility for non-3GPP mobility
The main Architecture specifications 23.401 and 23.402 frozen in June 2008
Protocol work is ongoing with the goal to freeze it in December 2008
6
SAE/LTE Deployment
Deployments are expected to start with overlapping
cellular coverage
E-UTRAN overlapping with legacy 3GPP GERAN / UTRAN coverage
E-UTRAN overlapping with legacy 3GPP2 coverage
Multi-mode networks and terminals
E-UTRAN is a packet-only radio with no CS capacity

Initially E-UTRAN is foreseen as islands in the sea of
legacy cellular access
Mobility between E-UTRAN and legacy access is required

Mobility between PS and CS domains is required
Multi-mode terminals expect to use PS coverage where available
Desire to keep the connectivity and services
IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS)
PS domain IP Multimedia service platform

Based on open IETF standards
End to end IP (SIP)
Multi access
Internet
GPRS, I-WLAN, fixed xDSL, Packet Cable defined

More access technologies to follow...
Find & route

to destination
PSTN
IP
Multimedia
Core
Circuitswitched
network
(2G or 3G)
IP
connectivity
User3G,...)
data
(GPRS,
Any IP connectivity
(3G, WLAN,...)
End-to-End IP
services
8
Common IMS
3GPP members, 3GPP2, WiMAX forum, ETSI TISPAN and CableLabs

contribute to 3GPP common IMS specifications
Different requirements are supported in common implementation
All IMS specifications are harmonized to 3GPP specifications

Common parts are defined in 3GPP specifications only
Core IMS entities (CSCFs, AS, UE IMS client,...) + agreed common functions
Other organisations either reference or re-use 3GPP specification as it stands

Any changes or additions in the Common IMS area are made in 3GPP
All 3GPP members can contribute on their favourite work items
Ongoing work initiated by 3GPP members, CableLabs, 3GPP2 and ETSI TISPAN
The scope and coverage of Common IMS have been agreed by the SDOs
Common version of IMS specifications in Rel-8

Business or architecture specific additions to 3GPP Common IMS are possible
outside the agreed Common IMS area
Multi-mode,
Service continuity
Call control protocols
E-UTRAN is a PS only radio, speech and other services are IMS based
PS domain IMS uses SIP protocol for call control (3GPP TS 24.229)
CS domain uses Call Control defined in 3GPP TS 24.008
Voice Call Continuity

Domain transfer of ongoing call
Typically from E-UTRAN to 2G or 3G access
CS fallback
Paging the mobile in E-UTRAN to start CS service in 2G or 3G access
Not an E-UTRAN service, but fallback to existing service via 2G/3G
IMS service continuity

IMS service between E-UTRAN and other PS only, such as WLAN
IMS Centralized Service Control (ICS)

Common telephony services between CS and PS domain
10
Multi-mode,
IMS registration in Rel-7
When S-CSCF detects that the same UE registers again, it considers

this as an update and overwrites existing registration
In some cases it may not be possible to de-register when changing
from one access technology to another
UE might lose radio coverage before being able to de-register
S-CSCF detects that the registration is from the same UE based on the
same privateID, which is practically a device-ID
UE (privateID-A)
S-CSCF
REGISTER 1 (privateID-A, IPaddress: 1.2.3.4)
UE registered with 1.2.3.4
loss of
radio
REGISTER 2 (privateID-A, IPaddress: a.b.c.d)
UE registered ONLY with

a.b.c.d REGISTER 1 got
overwritten with REGISTER
11
Multi-mode,
IMS Multiple registration, Rel-8
A UE is able to register the same public user identity with multiple IP

addresses at the same time
Used e.g. for IMS Service Continuity (e.g. handing over from I-WLAN
to GPRS)
No gap in reachability of the mobile
HSS
GPRS
IP: 1.2.3.4
P-CSCF 1
S-CSCF
I-WLAN
IP: a.b.c.d
P-CSCF 2
user1 / 1.2.3.4 / UE-A
user1 / a.b.c.d / UE-A
UE-A
12
Multi-mode,
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
Transfer from E-UTRAN to GERAN with active call
(not all entities shown)
HO command
MME
E-UTRAN
IMS
HO required
measurements
relocation
request
relocation
response
session
transfer
PLMN serving
remote user
MSC server
prepare HO
HO complete
2G or 3G
MSC
13
Multi-mode, CS fallback
Directing the UE from E-UTRAN to 2G/3G for CS service
MME
E-UTRAN
paging
SETUP
paging
PLMN serving
remote user
call setup
SETUP
paging resp.
2G or 3G
MSC
14
Multi-mode,
Network selection
Network selection comprises two parts

Network operator selection (the goal, based on commercial agreement)
Home operator determines which visited operators are preferred
Access technology selection (the means, based on technical criteria)

Serving visited operator determines access technology, frequency band and cell
Multi-mode phones supporting many access technologies are a new

challenge
Network selection within each technology is defined for 3GPP and
non-3GPP accesses
The combination of multiple technologies is undefined
Two approaches are foreseen in Rel-8
3GPP network selection procedures are extended to cover any non-3GPP
system that supports ITU-T defined concepts of MCC and MNC
For others the ANDSF can (optionally) download network selection policy
Access technology preference, policy for changing access technology, etc.
MCC = Mobile Country Code

MNC = Mobile Network Code
ANDSF = Access Network Discovery and Selection Function
15
Multi-mode network selection,

Outbound roaming example
HPLMN is not available

Prioritized VPLMNs are
listed with no associated
RAT in PLMN selector
with access technology:
VPLMN5 is not
available
VPLMN1 is available
VPLMN2 is available
VPLMN2 is selected via

2G, 3G or E-UTRAN
HPLMN has
not
configured
RAT priority
for this
VPLMN
VPLMN1
CDMA
VPLMN2
VPLMN1
VPLMN1
USIM configured RAT

preference possible
After PLMN selection

normal idle mode is
resumed
PLMN
Selector
(USIM):
VPLMN5
Cell & RAT may change

within the selected
PLMN
Background scan for
higher priority network
HPLMN
VPLMN1
E-UTRAN
?
VPLMN2
UTRAN
VPLMN2
GERAN
VPLMN2
E-UTRAN
RAT = Radio Access Technology, PLMN = Public Land Mobile Network
VPLMN2
16
Thanks for your

attention !
More information at
www.3gpp.org
17
Architecture Annex:
3GPP and non-3GPP
access architecture
18
SAE architecture (23.401)

NAS signaling+sign.
security
HSS
PCRF
S
7
Mobility between 3GPP ANs

Idle mode UE reachability
S6a
P-GW and S-GW selection
PDN
Gateway
SGSN selection at HO
Authentication
HPLMN
VPLMN
Bearer establishment
UTRAN
S1-MME
Signaling
security
(UMTS AKA)
LTE -Uu
UE
E-UTRAN
S1-U
User plane
security
(UMTS AKA)
Charging support
Legal interception
S4
Mobility anchor
S11
S10
Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS
etc.)
Policy enforcement
S12
MME
Operators IP
Packet screening &

filtering
SGSN
S3
SGi
UE IP address allocation
S8
GERAN
Rx
+
Packet routing
Serving
Gateway
Idle mode packet

buffering & DL
initiation
Legal interception
19
SAE non-3GPP access

(23.402)
HSS
Wx*
S6a
S4
2G/3G
SGSN
PCRF
S3
S2 for
connectivit
y via non3GPP acces
Rx+
S7
MME
Rx+
S11
SGi
S1-MME
Operators IP
Services
S10
Serving
Gateway
EUTRAN
S5
S6c
S1-U
Trusted IP
access
directly to PGW
Untrusted IP
access via
ePDG
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
PDN
Gateway
S2b
Wm*
ePDG
S2c
3GPP AAA
S2a
Server
Wn*
HPLMN
Non-3GPP
Networks
Trusrted*
Trusted
Non-3GPP IP Access
Non-3GPP IP
Access
or 3GPP Access
Wu*
UE
Untrusted
Non-3GPP IP
Access
UE
Wa*
Ta*
* Untrusted non-3GPP access requires ePDG in the data path
20

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3GPP presentation

From GSM to multi-access

GSM 1800 GSM 1900

Rel-8 and onwards

...and lets make it IP all the way to the terminal !

SIM / USIM / ISIM support

Phase 2 SIM UICC Smartcard, R99 ->

System Architecture Evolution

LTE = E-UTRAN = evolved radio network

SAE = System Architecture evolution

E-UTRAN integrates only to SAE, A/Gb or Iu not possible

E-UTRAN is a packet-only radio with no CS capacity

Mobility between E-UTRAN and legacy access is required

PS domain IP Multimedia service platform

GPRS, I-WLAN, fixed xDSL, Packet Cable defined

Find & route

3GPP members, 3GPP2, WiMAX forum, ETSI TISPAN and CableLabs

All IMS specifications are harmonized to 3GPP specifications

Other organisations either reference or re-use 3GPP specification as it stands

Common version of IMS specifications in Rel-8

Voice Call Continuity

IMS service continuity

IMS Centralized Service Control (ICS)

When S-CSCF detects that the same UE registers again, it considers

REGISTER 1 (privateID-A, IPaddress: 1.2.3.4)

UE registered with 1.2.3.4

UE registered ONLY with

A UE is able to register the same public user identity with multiple IP

user1 / 1.2.3.4 / UE-A

user1 / a.b.c.d / UE-A

Network selection comprises two parts

Access technology selection (the means, based on technical criteria)

Multi-mode phones supporting many access technologies are a new

MCC = Mobile Country Code

Multi-mode network selection,

HPLMN is not available

VPLMN2 is selected via

USIM configured RAT

After PLMN selection

Cell & RAT may change

Thanks for your

SAE architecture (23.401)

Mobility between 3GPP ANs

P-GW and S-GW selection

Packet screening &

Idle mode packet

SAE non-3GPP access

(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

* Untrusted non-3GPP access requires ePDG in the data path

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