by Sarthak Gupta 1109031149 EC 4-c

Introduction to .
NET
- By
Sarthak Gupta
1109031149
EC 4-c
What is .NET?
Microsofts vision of the future of
applications in the Internet age
Increased robustness over classic Windows
apps
New programming platform
Built for the web
.NET is a platform that runs on the

operating system
.NET
Sits on top on the OS (currently all the Windows;
Linux/Unix subset also available Mono Project)
About 20MB download
Provides language interoperability across

platforms
Strong emphasis on Web connectivity, using XML
web services to connect and share data between
smart client devices, servers, and developers/users
Platform/language independent
History
Development began in 1998

Beta 1 released Oct, 2000
Beta 2 released July, 2001
Finalized in Dec, shipping in Feb 2002
Vista ships with .NET Framework 3.0
(Runtime)
.NET Overview
Three main elements:
The Framework (CLR, FCL, ASP, WinForms)
The Products (Windows, Visual Studio, Office)
The Services (My Services)
Framework Goals
Improved reliability and integrated security.
Simplified development and deployment.
Unified API, multi-language support.
XML is the .NET Meta-Language.

All MS server products now .NET-enabled.
.NET Framework
C#
VB.NET
C++.NET
Other
Common Language Specification

Framework Class Library
ASP.NET
Web Services
Windows Forms
Web Forms
ASP.NET Application Services
Controls
Drawing
Windows Application Services
ADO.NET
XML
Threading
IO
Network
Security
Diagnostics
Etc.
Common Language Runtime

Memory Management
Common Type System
Operating System
Lifecycle Monitoring
Visual
Studio
.NET

A runtime provides services to executing
programs
Standard C library, MFC, VB Runtime, JVM
CLR provided by .NET manages the execution of

code and provides useful services
Memory management, type system, etc.
Services exposed through programming languages
C# exposes more features of the CLR than other languages
(e.g. VB.NET
.NET Framework Class Library

Framework you can call it and it can call
you
Large class library
Over 2500 classes
Major components
Base Class: Networking, security, I/O, files, etc.

Data and XML Classes
Web Services/UI
Windows UI
Framework Libraries
Web Services
Expose application functionalities across the Internet, in the same
way as a class expose services to other classes.
Each Web service can function as an independent entity, and can
cooperate with one another.
Data described by XML.
ASP.NET
Replacement for the Active Server Technology.
Web Forms provide an easy way to write interactive Web
applications, much in the same way as normal Windows
applications.
Framework Libraries
Provides facilities to generate Windows
GUI-based client applications easily
Form-oriented
Standard GUI components
buttons, textboxes, menus, scrollbars, etc.
Event-handling
Common Language Specification

CLS is a set of rules that specifies features that all
languages should support
Goal: have the .NET framework support multiple
languages
CLS is an agreement among language designers and
class library designers about the features and usage
conventions that can be relied upon
Example: public names should not rely on case for uniqueness
since some languages are not case sensitive
This does not mean all languages are not case sensitive above
the CLR!
Some .NET Languages
C#
COBOL
Eiffel
Fortran
Mercury
Pascal
Python
SML
Perl
Smalltalk
VB.NET
VC++.NET
J#.NET
Scheme
.
More are planned or under

development
.NET vs. J2EE

Both are similar in many ways:
Server- and client-side model for building enterprise applications.
Virtual machine designed to inspect, load, and execute programs in
a controlled environment.
APIs for creating both fat- and thin-client models.
APIs for foundation services (data access, directory, remote object
calls, sockets, forms).
Development environment for dynamic web pages.
J2 Enterprise Edition
Language-Dependent & Platform-Independent
.NET
Language-Independent & Platform Dependent (for now)
J2EE: Language-Specific,
Platform- Independent
Linux
Person.java
Java VM
Person
bytecodes
Java VM
Deploy
Address
bytecodes
Windows
Java VM
Company
bytecodes
Solaris
Address.java
Company.java
Java VM
.NET: Language-Independent,
(Mostly) Platform- Specific
Person.vb
Windows
(Visual Basic)
CLR
Person
MSIL
CLR
Deploy
Address
MSIL
Windows
CLR
Company
MSIL
Others?
Address.cs
(C#)
Company.cbl
(Cobol)
CLR
.NET
.NET built into Windows; running an executable
invokes the CLR automatically instead of
explicitly invoking the JVM
Being newer, .NET added improvements such as
native XML support, new features to CLR
About 3 million C++ developers, 3-8 million VB
developers, around 1 million C# developers
Today, most development and deployment is
Windows
Do you have to use Windows?

Open source implementations of .NET
Today there exists Ximian/Novells Mono, Corel's Rotor
and the Free Software Foundation's Portable .NET projects
Rotor: the Shared Source Common Language
Infrastructure (SSCLI)
Started as Project 7 with Academic Microsoft Research
With universities and programming language researchers,
developed several languages for the CLR
Mono
Implementation of ECMA C# and CLI for Linux
http://www.mono-project.com

The CLR is at the core of the .NET platform - the
execution engine
The CLR provides a Managed Execution Environment.
Manages the execution of code and provides services that
make development easier (like the JVM)
Code that relies on COM and the Win32 API is UnManaged Code (e.g. built with Visual Studio 6.0, VB6)
Code developed for a compiler that targets this platform is
referred to as Managed Code (e.g. code developed in
VB.NET C# allows Managed and Unmanaged)
Simple Application Deployment

Unlike COM, no plumbing code needed to
connect separate components
Components can be developed in different
programming languages
2500 classes to reuse

Automatic garbage collection
Memory is managed
Common bugs like memory leaks, buffer overruns are
not possible (if using 100% managed code)
MSIL and JIT Compilation

Source code is compiled into MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate
Language). Similar to Java bytecodes - CPU-independent instructions
MSIL allows for runtime type-safety and security, as well as portable
execution platforms.
The MSIL architecture results in apps that run in one address space thus much less OS overhead.
Compilers also produce metadata or glue that binds the code with
debuggers, browsers, etc.
Definitions of each type in your code.

Signatures of each types members.
Members that your code references.
Other runtime data for the CLR.
Summary
Next we will study C#
C# does not exist in isolation but has a close
connection with the .NET framework
.NET
CLR a relatively new, Java-like platform, but
multi-language
SrcMSILJITNative Code
.NET framework includes many class libraries

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Introduction to .

.NET is a platform that runs on the

Provides language interoperability across

Development began in 1998

XML is the .NET Meta-Language.

Common Language Specification

ASP.NET Application Services

Windows Application Services

Common Language Runtime

Common Type System

Common Language Runtime

CLR provided by .NET manages the execution of

.NET Framework Class Library

Base Class: Networking, security, I/O, files, etc.

Common Language Specification

Some .NET Languages

More are planned or under

.NET vs. J2EE

Do you have to use Windows?

Common Language Runtime

Simple Application Deployment

2500 classes to reuse

MSIL and JIT Compilation

Definitions of each type in your code.

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