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    EP - Molecular Spectra-End Sem - Student Handout-2014

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Suri
    The document compares rotational and vibrational spectra. Rotational transitions occur between adjacent rotational energy levels and produce microwave radiation. Vibrational transitions occur between vibrational levels and produce infrared radiation. The spacing between rotational levels decreases with increasing rotational quantum number, while the spacing between vibrational levels is equal. At room temperature, molecules are mostly in the v=0 vibrational state, so vibrational transitions are forbidden, while rotational transitions can occur.

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    EP - Molecular Spectra-End Sem - Student Handout-2014

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Suri
    128 views7 pages
    The document compares rotational and vibrational spectra. Rotational transitions occur between adjacent rotational energy levels and produce microwave radiation. Vibrational transitions occur between vibrational levels and produce infrared radiation. The spacing between rotational levels decreases with increasing rotational quantum number, while the spacing between vibrational levels is equal. At room temperature, molecules are mostly in the v=0 vibrational state, so vibrational transitions are forbidden, while rotational transitions can occur.

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    EP- Molecular Spectra-End Sem -Student Handout-2014

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    The document compares rotational and vibrational spectra. Rotational transitions occur between adjacent rotational energy levels and produce microwave radiation. Vibrational transitions occur between vibrational levels and produce infrared radiation. The spacing between rotational levels decreases with increasing rotational quantum number, while the spacing between vibrational levels is equal. At room temperature, molecules are mostly in the v=0 vibrational state, so vibrational transitions are forbidden, while rotational transitions can occur.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    128 views7 pages

    EP - Molecular Spectra-End Sem - Student Handout-2014

    Uploaded by

    Harshit Suri
    The document compares rotational and vibrational spectra. Rotational transitions occur between adjacent rotational energy levels and produce microwave radiation. Vibrational transitions occur between vibrational levels and produce infrared radiation. The spacing between rotational levels decreases with increasing rotational quantum number, while the spacing between vibrational levels is equal. At room temperature, molecules are mostly in the v=0 vibrational state, so vibrational transitions are forbidden, while rotational transitions can occur.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Rotational Spectra Vibrational Spectra

    The expression for the rotational energy


    levels is given by:

    + , where J=0,1, 2

    The expression for the rotational energy levels
    is given by:

    = +

    , = , , , ____
    The spacing between the adjacent rotational
    levels become far apart with the increase of
    the rotational quantum number
    The spacing between the adjacent vibrational
    levels are equal.
    The transition between adjacent rotational
    energy levels result in radiation that lies in the
    microwave range of frequencies (f~10
    9
    Hz)
    The vibrational transition photons of a
    diatomic (or linear) molecule lie in the infrared
    region of the spectrum(f~10
    11
    Hz)
    The energy separation between successive
    rotational level is much smaller than the
    separation between successive vibrational
    levels. This means that at ordinary
    temperature most molecules are in =0
    vibration state with zero point energy, but
    these molecules can be in various rotation
    states.
    At room temperature, most of the molecules
    have vibrational energies corresponding to the
    =0 state i.e. vibrational transitions are
    forbidden at room temperature. This is
    because the spacing between vibrational
    states is much greater than the thermal energy
    (k
    B
    T) at room temperature.
    Molecular Spectra
    Absorptive transitions between
    the v = 0 and v = 1 vibrational states
    of a diatomic molecule.
    Expected lines in the absorption
    spectrum of a molecule. These same
    lines appear in the emission spectrum.
    Total energy of a molecule :
    Problem-1: The moment of inertial of the CO molecule is 1.46x10
    -46
    kg-m
    2
    .
    Calculate the energy in eV and the angular velocity in the lowest rotational
    energy level of the CO molecule.
    Ans: E=7.6x10
    -23
    J or, 4.75 x 10
    -4
    eV

    = 10.2 x10
    -11
    rad/sec
    Hint: The Lowest rotational energy level will be J=1 state

    Because for J=0, E
    J
    = 0 and the minimum molecular energy is vibrational
    Problem-2: In the near infra-red spectrum of HCl molecule there is single
    intense band at 2885.9 cm
    -1
    [wave number]. Assuming that it is due to the
    transition between the vibration levels, show that the force constant k is
    480Nm
    -1
    (Given M
    H
    = 1.68 x 10
    -27
    kg)
    Problem-3: The force constant of the bond in CO molecule is 187 Nm
    -1
    .
    Calculate the frequency of vibration of the molecule and the spacing
    between its vibrational energy levels in eV. Given that the reduced mass
    of CO=1.14x10
    -26
    kg: h=6.6 x 10
    -34
    Js and 1eV= 1.60x10
    -19
    J.
    Ans. = 2.04x 10
    -13
    Hz

    E = 8.44 x10
    -2
    eV

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