What is Development?

Development entails improvement in the

quality as well as quantity of life.
Development is the accumulation of
human capital and its effective
investment in the progress of an
economy.
Shifts in Development Paradigms
Economic cum Cultural Progress 1920s 1940s
Economic Progress 1940s 1960s
Economic Progress cum Rural
Development
1950s 1970s
Integrated Area Development
1970s
Participatory Development 1980s
Sustainable Development 1990s
Exploitation of natural resources
Industrialization as vehicle of econ devt
Recognition of disparity in income
Agri-production and geographic equity
Reversal of TOPDOWN approach
Ritchie Anne S. Guzman
Environmental Education and Information Division
Environmental Management Bureau
For Sustainable Development to happen,
the world of nations agreed to focus all
development initiatives towards sustainability
of resources.

initiatives

The Stockholm Convention held 30 years
ago. The whole world agreed on the urgent
need to respond to the problem of
environmental deterioration.
The Road to Rio
An Earth Summit officially known as the
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development, was held in June 1992 at Rio de
Janeiro and participated by over 170 states
worldwide (114 of whom were represented by
Heads of States of Governments)
Publication of the Brundtland Report, a
landmark report establishing the need for
sustainable development in industrialized and
developing countries.
Publication of Our Common Future by the
UN World Commission on Environment and
Development in 1987
Outcomes of the Earth Summit
convention on biodiversity;
framework convention on climate
change;
principles of forest management;
Agenda 21;
the Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development
It was agreed that the protection of the
environment, and social and economic
development are fundamental to Sustainable
Development (based on the Rio Principles).

To achieve such development, the global
program Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration to
reaffirm global commitment were adopted.

The Agenda 21 was localized based on the
maxim Think globally, Act Locally through our
Philippine Agenda 21.
Monterrey Conference on Finance for
Development

Doha Ministerial Conference which
defined for the world a comprehensive
vision for the future of humanity.

World Summit on Sustainable
Development held at Johannesburg,
South Africa from 2-4 September 2002.
What is Sustainable Development?
Development that meets the
need of the present without
compromising the ability of the
future generation to meet their
own needs.
(Brundtland, 1987)
What is Sustainable Development?
- it is the harmonious integration of
a sound and viable economy ;
responsible governance;
social cohesion; and
ecological integrity
to ensure that development is a life-sustaining process.
Sustainable Development = Economic Development
+ Environment Protection
+ Social Reform
+ Peoples Empowerment
PEOPLE
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT
Elements / Dimensions of
Sustainable Development
Political
Economic
Institutional
Technological
Socio-cultural
Ecological
Parameters of Sustainable Development
Maintaining a sustainable
population
Maintaining productivity and
profitability of environment and
natural resources
Economic
Adopting environmental
management weapons in policy
and decision making
Protecting the environment and
conserving natural resources
Ecological
Promoting proper management
of wastes and residuals
Adopting environment-friendly
technologies
Technological
Empowering the people
Maintaining peace and order
Political
Promoting resource access and
upholding property rights
Promoting environmental
awareness, inculcating env ethics
and supporting env management
action
Socio-cultural
Improving institutional capacity/
capability to manage sustainable
development
Institutional
Parameters of Sustainable Development
Philippine Agenda 21
Limits to Growth 1971
UN Conference on Human Settlements and
Environment
1972
World Commission on Environment and
Development
1983
Our Common Future
1987
UN Conference on Environment and
Development
1992
Philippine Strategies on Sustainable
Development
1989
Philippine Agenda 21
1996

- is our own national agenda for sustainable
development.
- recognizes three key actors in sustainable
development, and their roles in different
realms of society
What is Philippine Agenda 21 ?
The Principles of Unity
The Action Agenda
The Implementation Strategies
Key Actors in Sustainable Development
Government is the key actor in POLITY, which
is concerned with democratic governance and
security of human rights.

Civil Society is the key actor in CULTURE,
which is concerned with the development of
the social and spiritual capacities of human
beings.
Business is the key actor in ECONOMY,
which is mainly concerned with producing
goods and services to people.
Sustainable
Development
Business is the key
actor in ECONOMY,
which is mainly
concerned with
producing goods and
services for people
Government is the key
actor in POLITY, which
is concerned with
democratic
governance and
security of human
rights.
Civil Society is the key
actor in CULTURE, which
is concerned with the
development of the social
and spiritual capacities of
human beings.
Vision of Philippine Agenda 21
A better quality of life for all, through the
development of a just, moral, creative,
spiritual, economically vibrant, caring,
diverse yet cohesive society characterized
by appropriate productivity, participatory
and democratic processes, and living in
harmony within the limits of the carrying
capacity of nature and the integrity of
creation. (PA 21, Section 1.4, p.12)

Philippine Agenda 21
Sustainable Development Principles
Primacy of Developing Full Human Potential
This puts man at the center of all development
efforts.
Holistic Science and Appropriate Technology.
Implies development of appropriate technology to
solve development problems with due
consideration to its impact to society and ecology.
Cultural, Moral and Spiritual Sensitivity.
Considers the inherent strengths of local and
indigenous knowledge, practices and beliefs, while
respecting cultural diversity, moral standards and
the spiritual nature of the Filipino society.
.Self - Determination. Requires respecting the rights and
capabilities of the people and nation to decide on the
course of their development.

National Sovereignty. Self-determination at the national
level to pursue social and ecological concerns in its
governance to achieve human, environmental and food
security.

Gender Sensitivity. Recognize the importance of
complementary roles and empowerment of both women
and men in development.

Peace, Order and National Unity. Makes sure that the
right of everyone to a peaceful and secure existence is
respected.
Social Justice, Inter-and Intra-Generational Equity and
Spatial Equity. Equal distribution of resources to everyone
(including future generations) and the provision of equal
access to development opportunities and benefits to all.

Participatory Democracy. Puts value and support to the
participation of all in the decision-making process.

Institutional Viability. Since SD is everyones concern,
institutional structures should promote joint responsibility,
unity and partnership among all.

Viable, Sound and Broad-based Economic
Development. Requires working for development that is
based on stable economy, where everyone equally shares
the benefits of progress.
Sustainable Population. Needs to maintain a number of
people that can be supported by the limited capacity of our
natural resources.

Ecological Soundness. Requires that we recognize the
earth as a common heritage that belongs to all of us, and
everyone should care for its capacity to support us and the
future generations.

Bio-geographical Equity and Community-Based
Resource Management. Means entrusting to the people
residing near or within an ecosystem the primary right to
manage its resources.

Global Cooperation. Requires international solidarity of
every nations effort to build a better life and safer
environment.
Philippine Agenda 21
envisions a better quality of life for all
through the development of a just,
moral, creative, spiritual, economically
vibrant, caring, diverse yet cohesive
society characterized by appropriate
productivity, participatory and
democratic processes and living in
harmony within the limits of the carrying
capacity of nature and the integrity of
creation.
Business Response to the
Sustainable Development Challenge
Business Response to the
Sustainable Development Challenge
Business Agenda 21 recognizes that
Philippine Agenda 21 is a document that
encompasses all aspects of life of the Filipino.
The development of BA21 is an
acknowledgement that business plays a vital
leadership role in pursuing sustainable
development and that paying attention to the
environment makes good business sense.
Environmental Concerns of
Industries
Use of Natural Resources that deplete
scarce or non-renewable natural resource
Process By-products and Wastes that result
in air, water and land degradation
Occupational Risks Inherent to Industries
due to that use of hazardous materials

Key Concepts and Principles of
Sustainable Development
Operates on the principle of indivisible world.
Environmental problems cross national
boundaries in such phenomena as acid rain
and global warming.

It does not mean economic stagnation or
giving up economic growth for the sake of the
environment. It should even promote
economic development as a requisite for
maintaining environmental quality.
It is concerned with the attainment of social
equity and the promotion of lifestyles, values,
and technologies which reflect concern for the
earth, humanity, and future generations.
(Soriano, 1995).

The essence of SD is the harmonious
integration of a sound and viable economy,
responsible governance, social cohesion /
harmony and ecological integrity to ensure that
development is a life-enhancing process.
It is also seen as the management and the
conservation of the natural resource base, and
the orientation of technological and institutional
change in such a manner as to ensure the
attainment and continued satisfaction of human
needs for present and future generations.
(FAO)
SD in agriculture, forestry and the fisheries
sectors involves conservation of land, water,
plant and animal genetic resources, does not
degrade the environment and is technologically
appropriate, economically viable and socially
acceptable. (ADB, 1991)
At the level of the individuals and
communities, SD is a process focused on
people and societies how they define
needs with reference to their own goals
and the goals they share as members of
communities and nations.

It is in contrast to development that
focused on resource exploitation to
generate short term wealth.
The Concept of
Sustainable Development
The concept of SD is an evolving one.
There is no quick and fast rule towards
SD because of its multi-dimensional and
complex nature.
SD is dynamic and adjusts to the
changing conditions and needs of the
time.
References

Philippine Business for the Environment, et al. Business Strategies for
Sustainable Development: Philippine Business Agenda 21.

Guzman, Ruth and Guzman, Roger. 2000. Environmental Education for
Sustainable Development. Wisdom Advocates Publishing, Q.C. Philippines.

Soriano, Sr. Luz Emmanuel, Claudio, C. and Fansler, L. 1995. Sustainable
Development: A Philippine Perspective. Phoenix Publishing House, Q.C.

Johannesburg Summit 2002. Key Outcomes of the Summit

Johannesburg Summit 2002. Political Declaration.
http://www.johannesburgsummit.organization/html.document/summit_docs
/1009wssd_pol...10/14/02

Johannesburg Summit 2002. Press Release of the UN Sec. General