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    Made by ..Naila Gul MSC Previous R.No. 23

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    Asif Ali
    Isoprenoids, also called terpenoids, are a large class of naturally occurring organic chemicals similar to terpenes that are derived from five carbon isoprene units assembled in thousands of ways. Terpenoids can be classified based on the number of isoprene units they contain and include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. Terpenoids play numerous roles in plant physiology and cellular membranes, and are used for their aromatic qualities in traditional herbal remedies, perfumes, flavors, and pharmaceuticals such as menthol and the vitamin A precursor citral.

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    Made by ..Naila Gul MSC Previous R.No. 23

    Uploaded by

    Asif Ali
    260 views23 pages
    Isoprenoids, also called terpenoids, are a large class of naturally occurring organic chemicals similar to terpenes that are derived from five carbon isoprene units assembled in thousands of ways. Terpenoids can be classified based on the number of isoprene units they contain and include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. Terpenoids play numerous roles in plant physiology and cellular membranes, and are used for their aromatic qualities in traditional herbal remedies, perfumes, flavors, and pharmaceuticals such as menthol and the vitamin A precursor citral.

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    Isoprenoids, also called terpenoids, are a large class of naturally occurring organic chemicals similar to terpenes that are derived from five carbon isoprene units assembled in thousands of ways. Terpenoids can be classified based on the number of isoprene units they contain and include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. Terpenoids play numerous roles in plant physiology and cellular membranes, and are used for their aromatic qualities in traditional herbal remedies, perfumes, flavors, and pharmaceuticals such as menthol and the vitamin A precursor citral.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    260 views23 pages

    Made by ..Naila Gul MSC Previous R.No. 23

    Uploaded by

    Asif Ali
    Isoprenoids, also called terpenoids, are a large class of naturally occurring organic chemicals similar to terpenes that are derived from five carbon isoprene units assembled in thousands of ways. Terpenoids can be classified based on the number of isoprene units they contain and include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. Terpenoids play numerous roles in plant physiology and cellular membranes, and are used for their aromatic qualities in traditional herbal remedies, perfumes, flavors, and pharmaceuticals such as menthol and the vitamin A precursor citral.

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    of 23

    Made by ..

    Naila Gul
    MSc previous
    R.No. 23
    The terpenoid are called Isoprenoids
    are a large and diverse class of
    naturally occuring organic chemical.
    Similar to terpenes derive from five
    carbon isoprenes unit assembled and
    modified in thousand of way. Most
    are multicyclic structure that differ
    from one another not only in
    functional group but also in their basic
    carbon skeleton,.,.,.,.,.,,.,.
    During the 19th century Chemical works on
    terpentine led to name terpenes.
    The hydrocarbons with the general formula
    C10 H16 found in that complex plant
    product.
    They are universally pressent in small
    amount in living organism where they a
    numerous role in plant physiology as well as
    important function in all cellular membrane.
    They are the main constituent of essential oils
    of plants and flower.
    Building block in many living creature

    Most terpenes are
    colourless,fragrant liquid few
    of them Camphor,are a solid.
    They are lighter then water.
    They are soluble in organic
    solvent( ),,,,,,

    TERPENES CAN BE CLASSIFIED BY THE NO. OF
    ISOPRENES UNIT.

    Consist of single isoprenes unit.

    2
    Consist of two isoprene unit and
    have the M.F is
    C
    5
    H
    10
    .e.g,geranoil(colourless
    liquid having pleasant ROSE
    like odour insoluble in water but
    dissolved in ethanol)
    Consist of 3 isoprene units
    and a M.F is
    C
    15
    H
    24.
    e.g,farnesol.

    Composed of four isoprene unit


    have the M.F are
    C
    20
    H
    32
    .e.g,cafestol.
    Consist of five isoprene unit.

    Consist of six isoprene unit
    and have the M.F C
    30
    H
    48
    .the
    major constituent of shark
    liver oil.
    Composed of seven isoprene
    units,having the M.F is C
    35
    H
    56
    .
    Contain eight isoprene
    units,M.F is C
    40
    H
    64
    .

    Plant terpenoid are used extensively


    for their aromatic qualities.
    They play a role in traditional herbal
    remedies and are under investigation
    for antibacterial and other
    pharmaceutical function.

    The flavour of ginger,the yellow colour
    in sunflower,red colour in tomatose
    due to the terpenes,,,,,,,,,
    The steroids and sterols in
    animals are basically produced
    from terpenoid precursors.
    Many terpenes are a aromatic
    hydrocarbon thus may have a
    protective function.
    Synthetic variations and derivities
    of terpenes also greatly expand
    the variation of aromas,used in
    perfumary and flavour,,,,,,,,,
    Menthol is a well
    known terpenoid used
    in mouth wash, nasal
    sprays chewing_gum,in
    cosmatics
    toothpaste,shaving
    cream,shaving
    lotion,face creams and
    powders.


    Monoterpenes with their
    penetrating odour,probably
    function as either attracting or
    repelling insect,according to
    their intension,,,

    A sesquiterpenes i.e abscisic acid
    which is growth inhibitory in
    nature and regulate the dormancy
    in woody plants and leaf
    abscission in cotton plants.
    Sweet potato responds to the
    infection of black rot
    fungus(ceratocystis fimbrialla) by
    synthesizing large amount of
    sesquiterpene which has
    anti_fungal action against the
    fungus.
    The growth harmone GIBBERELLIN are
    diterpenes derivities.
    Sterols are associated with cell
    organelles and may be structural unit
    of the membranes of the cell partical
    in plantas cholestrol in animals cell.
    Terpenoids functionally as part of
    more complex molecules of
    chlorophyll,,,the
    plastoquinones,ubiquinones.
    The ubiquinones with their
    large side chains are
    important components of
    electron transport chain
    system,,,
    Terpenoids are used into a
    number of pharmaceutical
    products,
    Well know terpeniod
    citral(colourless liquid and
    strong lemon like odour)used
    for the manufacture of vitamin
    A.recently citral has become
    IMP as a drug for reducing
    blood pressure
    Cannabinoids found in the cannabis
    ginkgolide and bilobalide found in
    Ginkgo billoba,and Curcuminoid
    found in turmeric and Mustard
    seed,,,,,,,

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