Basic Removable Orthodontic Appliences

INDIAN DENTAL
ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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Introduction
Introduction
History
History
Properties of Orthodontic wires

Classification
Classification
Indications
Indications
Advantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Design Components
Design Components
Commonly Used Appliances

Commonly Used Appliances
Soldering and Welding

Soldering and Welding
Conclusion
Conclusion
Weinstein has said
Weinstein has said

There is only one disease that is

There is only one disease that is
malocclusion.
malocclusion.
The medicine is force and there are
The medicine is force and there are
number of
number of
ways of applying this force
ways of applying this force
HISO!"
HISO!"
#ictor Hugo $ac%son
#ictor Hugo $ac%son
chief proponent of removable appliances in the US

chief proponent of removable appliances in the US
Charles Hawley
Introduced Hawleys appliance in 19!

Introduced Hawleys appliance in 19!
&artin Schwart'
&artin Schwart'
In mid "
In mid "
th th
century developed a variety of split plate
century developed a variety of split plate
appliances
appliances

Philip Adams
Philip Adams
#odified arrowhead clasp into $%dams &rib

#odified arrowhead clasp into $%dams &rib
'ecame the basis for (nglish removable appliances

'ecame the basis for (nglish removable appliances
Still the most effective clasp for orthodontic purpose

Still the most effective clasp for orthodontic purpose
(eorge Cro'at
(eorge Cro'at
In early 19s developed a removable appliance

In early 19s developed a removable appliance
entirely in precious metal
entirely in precious metal
(ffective clasps on I molars modified from )ac*sons

(ffective clasps on I molars modified from )ac*sons
design
design
Heavy gold wires as framewor*

Heavy gold wires as framewor*
Lighter gold finger springs for desired tooth

Lighter gold finger springs for desired tooth
movement
movement

At the )eginning of the twentieth century
At the )eginning of the twentieth century
+
vulcanite baseplate that covered the palate
vulcanite baseplate that covered the palate
+
molars and premolars capped for retention.
molars and premolars capped for retention.
+
%lthough the materials changed, removable
%lthough the materials changed, removable
appliances remained the principal appliance for
appliances remained the principal appliance for
orthodontic treatment in U- and (urope for the ne.t
orthodontic treatment in U- and (urope for the ne.t
/ years
/ years
.
.
+
In contrast, it had little impact on %merican
In contrast, it had little impact on %merican
orthodontics, which at that time was dominated by
orthodontics, which at that time was dominated by
(dward %ngle
(dward %ngle
.
.
Development of !emova)le Appliances
Development of !emova)le Appliances
in *urope
in *urope

1. 1.
%ngles dogmatic approach to occlusion, with its
%ngles dogmatic approach to occlusion, with its
emphasis on precise positioning of each teeth had
emphasis on precise positioning of each teeth had
less impact on (urope
less impact on (urope
". ".
Social welfare systems developed much more
Social welfare systems developed much more
rapidly in (urope0 providing limited treatment for
rapidly in (urope0 providing limited treatment for
large number of patients
large number of patients
1. 1.
2recious metals for fi.ed appliances were less
2recious metals for fi.ed appliances were less
available in (urope
available in (urope
In the U-, the establishment of the 3ational Health
In the U-, the establishment of the 3ational Health
Service in 194! favoured use of removable
Service in 194! favoured use of removable
appliances.
appliances.
+
only ten specialist orthodontists
only ten specialist orthodontists
+
so the vast ma5ority of orthodontic treatment was
so the vast ma5ority of orthodontic treatment was
provided by general dental practitioners.
provided by general dental practitioners.
+
6epartment of Health, and the then 6ental (stimates
6epartment of Health, and the then 6ental (stimates
'oard, were of the view that the near e.clusive use of
'oard, were of the view that the near e.clusive use of
removable appliances was the most cost effective way
removable appliances was the most cost effective way
of providing U- orthodontic care.
of providing U- orthodontic care.
+,-.s/
+,-.s/
7he length of postgraduate orthodontic training
7he length of postgraduate orthodontic training
increased from one to two years
increased from one to two years
+,0.s/
+,0.s/
to three years.
to three years.
2ostgraduates were able to complete supervised
2ostgraduates were able to complete supervised
treatment of multibanded cases before they 8ualified.
treatment of multibanded cases before they 8ualified.

% series of technical advances
% series of technical advances
+

2rewelded, preformed orthodontic bands
2rewelded, preformed orthodontic bands
+

6irectly bonded attachments
6irectly bonded attachments
+

2re0ad5usted edgewise brac*et reduced the need
2re0ad5usted edgewise brac*et reduced the need

for comple. individually formed archwires.
for comple. individually formed archwires.

&easurements of treatment outcome
&easurements of treatment outcome
+
7he 8uality of outcome not as high as with fi.ed
7he 8uality of outcome not as high as with fi.ed
appliances
appliances
+
Higher discontinuation of treatment associated with
Higher discontinuation of treatment associated with
the use of removable appliances
the use of removable appliances
+
6ental practitioners now refer their patients on to
6ental practitioners now refer their patients on to
specialist orthodontists.
specialist orthodontists.
+
Specialist orthodontists favour the use of fi.ed
Specialist orthodontists favour the use of fi.ed
appliances due to the ability to precisely position
appliances due to the ability to precisely position
teeth
teeth
Scope of remova)le appliances
Scope of remova)le appliances
7he use of removable appliances still varies widely
7he use of removable appliances still varies widely
between clinicians, but it is possible to achieve
between clinicians, but it is possible to achieve
ade8uate occlusal improvement with these
ade8uate occlusal improvement with these
appliances, provided suitable cases are chosen.
appliances, provided suitable cases are chosen.
It is vital to emphasi9e that cases suitable for removable
It is vital to emphasi9e that cases suitable for removable
appliance treatment are those that re8uire simple
appliance treatment are those that re8uire simple
tipping movements only, and surprisingly few
tipping movements only, and surprisingly few
malocclusions will fall into this category.
malocclusions will fall into this category.
1: 1:
(sthetics -usy, %; 199/
(sthetics -usy, %; 199/
": ":
Stiffness
Stiffness
1: 1:
Strength
Strength
4: 4:
<ange
<ange
=: =:
Springbac*
Springbac*
>: >:
?ormability
?ormability
/: /:
<esiliency
<esiliency
!: !:
?riction
?riction
9: 9:
'iohostability
'iohostability
1: 1:
'iocompatibility
'iocompatibility
11: 11:
@eldability
@eldability
1: (stheticsA
1: (stheticsA
0desirable property 0no compromise on mechanical
0desirable property 0no compromise on mechanical
properties
properties
0composite wires
0composite wires
": StiffnessBLoad deflection rateA
": StiffnessBLoad deflection rateA
0#agnitude of force delivered by the appliance for a
0#agnitude of force delivered by the appliance for a
particular amount of deflection.
particular amount of deflection.

L6<CLoadB6eflection
L6<CLoadB6eflection
?
?

(dr
(dr
4 4
d
d
l
l
1 1

l
l
1 1
r r
4 4
(0 #odulus of elasticity
(0 #odulus of elasticity

d0 6eflection
d0 6eflection

r0 <adius
r0 <adius

l0 Length
l0 Length
6oubling radius C Increases force 1> fold
6oubling radius C Increases force 1> fold
6oubling length C <educes force ! fold
6oubling length C <educes force ! fold


L
L
1 1
d D"l:
d D"l:
1 1
!d
!d

1
1
E
E
d
d
1
1
E
E
1>d
1>d

r
r
4 4
DrB":
DrB":
4 4

Low stiffness or L6< implies
Low stiffness or L6< implies
i. i.
Low forces will be applied
Low forces will be applied
ii. ii.
?orces more constant as appliance deactivates
?orces more constant as appliance deactivates
iii. iii.
Freater ease G accuracy in applying a given force
Freater ease G accuracy in applying a given force
0?or active components low L6<
0?or active components low L6<
0?or retentive components high L6<
0?or retentive components high L6<
$
$
Hariable &ross0section ;rthodontics0'urstone
Hariable &ross0section ;rthodontics0'urstone
$
$
Hariable #odulus ;rthodontics
Hariable #odulus ;rthodontics
3i7i I 7#% I ss wire
3i7i I 7#% I ss wire
1: 1:
StrengthA ?orce re8uired to activate an archwire to a
StrengthA ?orce re8uired to activate an archwire to a
specific distance0 -usy
specific distance0 -usy

Shape and cross0section of wire have an effect
Shape and cross0section of wire have an effect
4: 4:
<angeA 6istance to which an archwire bends
<angeA 6istance to which an archwire bends
elastically, before permanent deformation occurs0
elastically, before permanent deformation occurs0
2roffit
2roffit
=: =:
Springbac*A 7he e.tent to which the wire reverses its
Springbac*A 7he e.tent to which the wire reverses its
shape after permanent deformation.
shape after permanent deformation.

@ire can be activated to a large e.tent hence fewer
@ire can be activated to a large e.tent hence fewer
activations will be needed
activations will be needed

>: >:
?ormabilityA %bility to bend wire in desired
?ormabilityA %bility to bend wire in desired
configuration.
configuration.
/: /:
<esiliencyA %mount of energy stored in a body.
<esiliencyA %mount of energy stored in a body.
!: !: ?rictionA @hile closing spaces in continuous archwire ?rictionA @hile closing spaces in continuous archwire
techni8ue, involves relative motion of brac*et over wire. techni8ue, involves relative motion of brac*et over wire.
(.cess friction0 loss of anchor (.cess friction0 loss of anchor
0 binding 0 binding
Least amount of friction desired Least amount of friction desired
9: 9: 'iohostabilityA %bility of a wire to accumulate, or be a site 'iohostabilityA %bility of a wire to accumulate, or be a site
of accumulation of bacteria, spores or viruses of accumulation of bacteria, spores or viruses
1: 1: 'iocompatibilityA <esistance to corrosion and tissue 'iocompatibilityA <esistance to corrosion and tissue
tolerance to elements in the wire. tolerance to elements in the wire.
11: 11: @eldabilityA (ase by which a wire can be 5oined to other @eldabilityA (ase by which a wire can be 5oined to other
metals by actually melting the " metals in the area of the metals by actually melting the " metals in the area of the
bond bond
1meter C 19.1/in
1meter C 19.1/in
1.mm C .191/in
1.mm C .191/in
1mm C 4
1mm C 4
thousandths of an
thousandths of an
inch
inch
1mm C .4in
1mm C .4in
mm
mm
inch
inch
thou of
thou of
an inch
an inch
gauge
gauge
1.=
1.=
1."=
1."=
1.
1.
.9
.9
.!
.!
./
./
.>
.>
.=
.=
.=9
.=9
.49
.49
.19
.19
.1=
.1=
.1"
.1"
."!
."!
."4
."4
."
."
>
>
=
=
4
4
1>
1>
1"
1"
"!
"!
"4
"4
"
"
0
0
0
0
19
19
"
"
"1
"1
""
""
"1
"1
"4
"4
Definition/
Definition/

#echanical ;rthodontic %ppliances are instruments
#echanical ;rthodontic %ppliances are instruments
which apply pressure or offer resistance to the teeth
which apply pressure or offer resistance to the teeth
for the purpose of stimulating alveolar bone change
for the purpose of stimulating alveolar bone change
bringing about changes in the position of teeth.
bringing about changes in the position of teeth.
Classification
Classification
%ppliances that affect actual tooth movement

%ppliances that affect actual tooth movement
through ad5ustment of springs or attachments within
through ad5ustment of springs or attachments within
the appliance0
the appliance0 %&7IH( 2L%7( %&7IH( 2L%7(
%ppliances that stimulate refle. muscle activity

%ppliances that stimulate refle. muscle activity
which in turn produces desired tooth movement0
which in turn produces desired tooth movement0
?U3&7I;3%L %22LI%3&(S ?U3&7I;3%L %22LI%3&(S
II. II.
%ccording to site of appliance placement
%ccording to site of appliance placement
1. 1.
(.traoral
(.traoral
". ".
Intraoral
Intraoral
1. 1.
&ombination
&ombination
III. III.
%ccording to plane of movement
%ccording to plane of movement
1. 1.
7ransverse
7ransverse
". ".
Saggital
Saggital
1. 1.
Hertical
Hertical
IH. IH.
'ased on method of curing
'ased on method of curing
1. 1.
Heat cure
Heat cure
". ".
Self cure
Self cure
1. 1.
Light cure
Light cure
#inor tooth movement techni8ue may be considered
#inor tooth movement techni8ue may be considered
o
#alposition limited to relatively few teeth
#alposition limited to relatively few teeth
o
6esired movement not more than few mm
6esired movement not more than few mm
o
%de8uate space between ad5acent teeth to permit
%de8uate space between ad5acent teeth to permit
entry of teeth to be moved
entry of teeth to be moved
o
%llowable a.ial inclination corrected by tipping
%llowable a.ial inclination corrected by tipping
forces
forces
o
&orrectable etiologic factors
&orrectable etiologic factors
o
?avorable periodontal and periapical prognosis
?avorable periodontal and periapical prognosis
o
%bsence of contraindications
%bsence of contraindications

Indications
Indications
+
(.cessive flaring of ma.illary anterior teeth
(.cessive flaring of ma.illary anterior teeth
+
6iastima closure
6iastima closure
+
&rossbite correction
&rossbite correction
+
%nterior crowding
%nterior crowding
O
2reprosthetic
2reprosthetic
+
&losing of spaces
&losing of spaces
+
Uprighting of teeth
Uprighting of teeth
O
2reventive 2eriodontic
2reventive 2eriodontic
+
#igration of mandibular incisors
#igration of mandibular incisors
O
&orrection of Speech 6efects
&orrection of Speech 6efects
O
?acilitation of ;ral Surgical 2rocedures
?acilitation of ;ral Surgical 2rocedures
O
<etention after corrected malocclusion
<etention after corrected malocclusion
+
O
2rocedural
2rocedural
+
7o gain space
7o gain space
O
2reventive and interceptive orthodontics
2reventive and interceptive orthodontics
+1ipping movement
21Can )e removed
3for cleaning of teeth 4 appliance
3if in pain
3on socially sensitive occasion
516ess conspicuous
71Can )e underta%en )y general
practitioner with ade8uate
training
91&anufactured in la)
3less chair side time
3more patients can )e treated
:1Ine;pensive
+1Only simple malocclusion can )e
corrected
21&ultiple rotations cannot
)e corrected
51Uncooperative patients may
leave out the appliance3
prolongs treatment
71&ultiple tooth movement
3 one at a time3 prolongs !; duration
916ower appliance not well tolerated
:1Cases other than I premolar
e;traction cannot )e treated easily
%dvantages
%dvantages
6isadvantages
6isadvantages
Components of remova)le appliances
Components of remova)le appliances
Retentive Components
Retentive Components
Baseplate
Baseplate
Active components
Active components
!etentive Components
!etentive Components
<etentionA #eans whereby displacement of appliance is
<etentionA #eans whereby displacement of appliance is
resisted.
resisted.
&laspA any hoo* or band attached to a natural tooth and
&laspA any hoo* or band attached to a natural tooth and
used to anchor a partial denture or an orthodontic
used to anchor a partial denture or an orthodontic
appliance.
appliance.
Circumferential Clasp
Circumferential Clasp
+
?abricated using wire .9mm
?abricated using wire .9mm
+
0%lso *nown as $& clasp or 7hree Juarter &lasp
0%lso *nown as $& clasp or 7hree Juarter &lasp
-
Simple clasp used to engage buccocervical undercut
Simple clasp used to engage buccocervical undercut
&annot be used in partially erupted teeth

&annot be used in partially erupted teeth
Jacksons Clasp
Jacksons Clasp

0 ?abricated using .9mm wire
0 ?abricated using .9mm wire

0 %lso *nown as ?ull clasp or $U clasp
0 %lso *nown as ?ull clasp or $U clasp

0 (ngages both buccocervical undercuts
0 (ngages both buccocervical undercuts
-
Simple design
Simple design
-
;ffers ade8uate retention
;ffers ade8uate retention
Inade8uate retention in partially erupted teeth

Inade8uate retention in partially erupted teeth
Triangular Clasp
Triangular Clasp

0?abricated using .>mm wire
0?abricated using .>mm wire

0used between ad5acent posterior teeth
0used between ad5acent posterior teeth

0Indicated for additional retention
0Indicated for additional retention
Adams Clasp
Adams Clasp

0%lso *nown as Liverpool &lasp,
0%lso *nown as Liverpool &lasp,

Universal &lasp,
Universal &lasp,

#odified %rrowhead &lasp
#odified %rrowhead &lasp
2arts
2arts

'ridge
'ridge

%rrowhead
%rrowhead

<etentive arms
<etentive arms

%dvantagesA
%dvantagesA
-
Small, neat, unobtrusive, occupies minimum space
Small, neat, unobtrusive, occupies minimum space
-
<igid, offers e.cellent retention
<igid, offers e.cellent retention
-
Used on any tooth in the arch
Used on any tooth in the arch
-
If bro*en can be repaired by soldering
If bro*en can be repaired by soldering
-
2ermits modifications in design
2ermits modifications in design
(.tensive wire bending incorporates stresses in the

(.tensive wire bending incorporates stresses in the
wire
wire
&odifications
&odifications
%dams clasp with single arrowheadA
%dams clasp with single arrowheadA

%dams clasp with ) hoo*
%dams clasp with ) hoo*
%dams clasp with heli.
%dams clasp with heli.

%dams clasp with additional arrowhead
%dams clasp with additional arrowhead

%dams clasp with soldered buccal tube
%dams clasp with soldered buccal tube

%dams clasp with distal e.tension
%dams clasp with distal e.tension
6ouble clasp on ma.illary central incisors
6ouble clasp on ma.illary central incisors
Schwarz Clasp
Schwarz Clasp
6esigned by &. #. Schwar9
6esigned by &. #. Schwar9
;ldest G for a considerable amount of time most
;ldest G for a considerable amount of time most
generally used
generally used
%d5A %rrowhead bent towards papilla to engage
%d5A %rrowhead bent towards papilla to engage
undercuts
undercuts
-
&an be used in deciduous or permanent teeth
&an be used in deciduous or permanent teeth
S*ill to fabricate
S*ill to fabricate
&an be used only on posterior teeth

&an be used only on posterior teeth
Duyzings Clasp
Duyzings Clasp
0Simple design
0Simple design
0engages buccal undercut of molars
0engages buccal undercut of molars
0half clasp can also be constructed
0half clasp can also be constructed
%d5A 'ending towards the tooth or undercut area
%d5A 'ending towards the tooth or undercut area
Eyelet Clasp
Eyelet Clasp
0similar to triangular clasp
0similar to triangular clasp
0used as single eyelet or multiple eyelet clasp
0used as single eyelet or multiple eyelet clasp
0eyelets placed in embrasures
0eyelets placed in embrasures
%d5A 'ending eyelet interdentally towards the tooth
%d5A 'ending eyelet interdentally towards the tooth
-
3o sharp bends, brea*age unli*ely
3o sharp bends, brea*age unli*ely
-
6oes not interfere with eruption of teeth
6oes not interfere with eruption of teeth
;n single tooth does not have firm grip

;n single tooth does not have firm grip
Delta Clasp
Delta Clasp
+
6esigned by @illiam ). &lar*
6esigned by @illiam ). &lar*
+
Similar to %dams clasp in principle
Similar to %dams clasp in principle
+
(ngage interdental undercuts
(ngage interdental undercuts
%d5A 0hold retentive loop and twist inwards
%d5A 0hold retentive loop and twist inwards

0bending towards interdental undercut as it
0bending towards interdental undercut as it
emerges from acrylic
emerges from acrylic
Southend Clasp
Southend Clasp
0./ mm wire
0./ mm wire
0spans two ad5acent margins of anterior teeth
0spans two ad5acent margins of anterior teeth
%d5A readapting into interdental area
%d5A readapting into interdental area
-
(sthetically more pleasing
(sthetically more pleasing
Ballend Clasp
Ballend Clasp
+
@ire having a *nob or ball li*e structure on one end
@ire having a *nob or ball li*e structure on one end
+
utili9es interdental undercuts
utili9es interdental undercuts
+
Indicated when additional retention re8uired
Indicated when additional retention re8uired
Baseplate
Baseplate
Freatest portion of removable appliance
Freatest portion of removable appliance
10"mm thic*
10"mm thic*
1 main purposes
1 main purposes
1. 1.
%ct as vehicle to carry all parts of the appliance
%ct as vehicle to carry all parts of the appliance
". ".
Serve as anchorage
Serve as anchorage
1. 1.
'ecome an active part of appliance itself
'ecome an active part of appliance itself
A<CHO!A(*
A<CHO!A(*
Anchorage
Anchorage
resists forces of reaction generated by active
resists forces of reaction generated by active
components. 7hus, sites of anchorage must be e8ual in
components. 7hus, sites of anchorage must be e8ual in
magnitude but opposite in direction to those generated
magnitude but opposite in direction to those generated
by active components.
by active components.
Simple Anchorage
Simple Anchorage
A 7eeth which offer greater resistance
A 7eeth which offer greater resistance
to movement, used as anchorage for movement of
to movement, used as anchorage for movement of
lesser resistance
lesser resistance

+
Usually made of %crylic
Usually made of %crylic
+
%s thin as possibleD10"mm:
%s thin as possibleD10"mm:
+
&losely adapted
&losely adapted
+
(.tend as far as necessary to obtain anchorage
(.tend as far as necessary to obtain anchorage
+
Lower baseplate0 U shaped, relatively thic*er
Lower baseplate0 U shaped, relatively thic*er
+
Shallow lingual sulcus reinforced with ss wire or bar
Shallow lingual sulcus reinforced with ss wire or bar
Heat cure
Heat cure
Self cure
Self cure
Light cure
Light cure
'iocrylA 'iostar pressure molding machine
'iocrylA 'iostar pressure molding machine
'%S(2L%7(
%nterior
2osterior
Upper
Lower
2arallel to occ plane
Inclined to occ plane
Anterior iteplane
Anterior iteplane
02latform behind upper incisor teeth
02latform behind upper incisor teeth
0Height enough to separate
0Height enough to separate

posterior teeth by 1.=0"mm
posterior teeth by 1.=0"mm
0<educe overbite of anterior teeth
0<educe overbite of anterior teeth
0$opening the bite
0$opening the bite
0Height of plane gradually increased
0Height of plane gradually increased
2roclination of upper incisors
2roclination of upper incisors

K2lacement of labial bow
K2lacement of labial bow

KSved biteplane
KSved biteplane
S!ed Biteplane
S!ed Biteplane
0Introduced by Sved in 1944
0Introduced by Sved in 1944
0&overs incisal edges of upper anteriors
0&overs incisal edges of upper anteriors
02ressure transmitted a.ially
02ressure transmitted a.ially
0<etention 8uestionable
0<etention 8uestionable
0Ideal in growing individuals
0Ideal in growing individuals
"osterior Biteplane
"osterior Biteplane
+
displacing activity of mandible
displacing activity of mandible
+
unilateral posterior crossbite
unilateral posterior crossbite
+
wide enough to contact buccal G palatal cusps
wide enough to contact buccal G palatal cusps
+
occlusion disengaged
occlusion disengaged
+
e8ual on both sides
e8ual on both sides
+
after correction appliance acts as retainer
after correction appliance acts as retainer
#ower $nclined "lane
#ower $nclined "lane
+
&atlan more than " yrs ago
&atlan more than " yrs ago
+
%nterior crossbite
%nterior crossbite
+
4= degrees to occ plane
4= degrees to occ plane
+
Upper incisors guided into
Upper incisors guided into

correct position labially
correct position labially
+
indicated when incisors are in
indicated when incisors are in

early stage of eruption
early stage of eruption
If used for more than >w*s0

If used for more than >w*s0

anterior open bite results
anterior open bite results
#ay need fre8uent cementation

#ay need fre8uent cementation
Pre3treatment Post3treatment Pre3treatment Post3treatment
Active components
Active components
Labialbow
Labialbow
Springs
Springs
(lastics
(lastics
Screws
Screws
#AB$A# B%&S
#AB$A# B%&S
#ay have " functions
#ay have " functions
1: 1:
Serve as active element for movement of teeth
Serve as active element for movement of teeth
": ":
Hold the plate in place G retain the teeth
Hold the plate in place G retain the teeth
#aial Bow with '( loop
#aial Bow with '( loop
+
./ mm wire
./ mm wire
+
fle.ibility depends on vertical height of $U loops
fle.ibility depends on vertical height of $U loops
+
;nly minor over5et reduction or incisor alignment
;nly minor over5et reduction or incisor alignment
re8uired
re8uired
%d5A &ompressing of $U loop
%d5A &ompressing of $U loop

6isplaced palatally by only 1mm
6isplaced palatally by only 1mm
#ong #aial Bow
#ong #aial Bow
+
Used to close space between canine and premolar
Used to close space between canine and premolar
+
&an control the canine
&an control the canine
+
Used for retention
Used for retention
Split #aial Bow
Split #aial Bow
+
fle.ibility increased
fle.ibility increased
+
incisor retraction
incisor retraction
%d5A at the $U loop
%d5A at the $U loop
#aial Bow with )e!erse #oop
#aial Bow with )e!erse #oop
+
2revents buccal drifting of canine
2revents buccal drifting of canine
%d5A 6one in " stages
%d5A 6one in " stages
1: 1:
Hertical loop opened by compressing with plier
Hertical loop opened by compressing with plier
": ":
7his lowers the bow in incisor region
7his lowers the bow in incisor region

compensating bends at the base of the loop
compensating bends at the base of the loop
*ills Bow +E,tended #aial Bow
*ills Bow +E,tended #aial Bow
+
#ade of ./mm wire
#ade of ./mm wire
+
(.tensive loops0 fle.ibility greatly increased
(.tensive loops0 fle.ibility greatly increased
Indications 0<educing large overbites
Indications 0<educing large overbites

0%lignment of irregular incisors
0%lignment of irregular incisors
-
?le.ible, lighter forces, long range of action
?le.ible, lighter forces, long range of action
-
In mi.ed dentition when canines not erupted
In mi.ed dentition when canines not erupted
6ue to e.tensive loops less comfortable

6ue to e.tensive loops less comfortable
-igh #aial Bow with Apron Spring
-igh #aial Bow with Apron Spring
+
Heavy base arch of .9mm wire
Heavy base arch of .9mm wire
+
%pron spring .10.4mm
%pron spring .10.4mm
%d5A 'ent towards the teeth
%d5A 'ent towards the teeth
-
<etraction of teeth with severe proclination
<etraction of teeth with severe proclination
-
Light forces
Light forces
-
Longer range of action
Longer range of action
3ot well tolerated by the patient

3ot well tolerated by the patient
7ime consuming to fabricate

7ime consuming to fabricate
&annot be used in patients with shallow sulcus

&annot be used in patients with shallow sulcus
)oerts )etractor
)oerts )etractor
+
?le.ible bow constructed of .=mm wire
?le.ible bow constructed of .=mm wire
+
Steel tubing to give support
Steel tubing to give support
+
&oil placed at the point of emergence from the tubing
&oil placed at the point of emergence from the tubing
+
%5dA Hertical limb below the coil
%5dA Hertical limb below the coil
.itted #aial Bow
.itted #aial Bow
+
./ mm wire
./ mm wire
+
%dapted closely to labial surface of anterior teeth
%dapted closely to labial surface of anterior teeth
+
Used for retention
Used for retention
7ime consuming
7ime consuming
Beggs )etenton Bow
Beggs )etenton Bow
+
./mm wire e.tends till last erupted molar
./mm wire e.tends till last erupted molar
+
U loops made between I G II premolars

U loops made between I G II premolars
-
%llows settling of occlusion
%llows settling of occlusion
If not constructed well retention may not be good

If not constructed well retention may not be good
SP!I<(S
SP!I<(S
#ost commonly used active elements
#ost commonly used active elements
<e8uirementsA
<e8uirementsA

springs should deliver optimum force
springs should deliver optimum force

should possess high degree of elasticity
should possess high degree of elasticity

should have long range of action
should have long range of action

?orce systems delivered depend on
?orce systems delivered depend on
$ntrinsic properties/
$ntrinsic properties/
cannot be altered by operator
cannot be altered by operator
0modulus of elasticity
0modulus of elasticity
0yield strength
0yield strength
E,trinsic properties/
E,trinsic properties/
operator can e.ercise control
operator can e.ercise control
0length of wire
0length of wire
0thic*ness of wire
0thic*ness of wire
Small changes in diameter and length have a profound
Small changes in diameter and length have a profound
impact on the force delivered
impact on the force delivered

*ffect of wire diameter on force delivered
*ffect of wire diameter on force delivered
0amount of activation
0amount of activation
.=mm0 1mm activation
.=mm0 1mm activation
./mm0 1mm activation0 little margin of error
./mm0 1mm activation0 little margin of error
*ffect of wire length
*ffect of wire length
&oil0 increase length of spring
&oil0 increase length of spring
Lower force with same amount of activation
Lower force with same amount of activation

Classification of Springs
Classification of Springs
I I0 0
Based on direction of tooth mo!ement
Based on direction of tooth mo!ement
1. 1.
Springs for mesio0distal tooth movement
Springs for mesio0distal tooth movement
". ".
Spring for labio0lingual tooth movement
Spring for labio0lingual tooth movement
1. 1.
Springs for e.pansion of arches
Springs for e.pansion of arches
II. II.
Based on nature of support
Based on nature of support
1. 1.
Self supported springs
Self supported springs
". ".
Fuided springs
Fuided springs
1. 1.
%u.iliary springs
%u.iliary springs
III. III.
Based on presence of loop or heli,
Based on presence of loop or heli,
Single Cantile!er Spring
Single Cantile!er Spring

active arm
active arm
2arts coil
2arts coil

retentive arm
retentive arm
+
.=0.>mm wire
.=0.>mm wire
+
coil with internal diameter of 1mm
coil with internal diameter of 1mm
+
used to move teeth labio0lingually or mesio0diatally
used to move teeth labio0lingually or mesio0diatally
Doule Cantile!er Spring + 1 spring
Doule Cantile!er Spring + 1 spring
+
&onstructed using .= or .> mm wire
&onstructed using .= or .> mm wire
+
Spring perpendicular to palatal surface of tooth
Spring perpendicular to palatal surface of tooth
+
Indicated where incisors are to be proclined
Indicated where incisors are to be proclined
%ctivationA ;pening both coils
%ctivationA ;pening both coils
If not perpendicular to palatial surface of teeth, it

If not perpendicular to palatial surface of teeth, it
tends to intrude teeth.
tends to intrude teeth.
'
'
T Spring
T Spring
+
&onstructed using .= mm wire
&onstructed using .= mm wire
+
'uccal movement of premolars and molars
'uccal movement of premolars and molars
%ctivationA 2ulling spring away from the baseplate
%ctivationA 2ulling spring away from the baseplate
Coffin Spring
Coffin Spring
+
6escribed by @alter.H.&offin in 1!!1
6escribed by @alter.H.&offin in 1!!1
+
#ade in " segments, large enough to ma*e contact
#ade in " segments, large enough to ma*e contact
with all teeth to be moved
with all teeth to be moved
+
#ade of 1."= mm wire
#ade of 1."= mm wire
+
Spring stands 1 mm away from the soft tissues
Spring stands 1 mm away from the soft tissues
IndicationsA
IndicationsA
7ransverse arch e.pansion L Unilateral crossbite with
7ransverse arch e.pansion L Unilateral crossbite with
lateral mandibular displacement
lateral mandibular displacement
%dvantage over screw L 6ifferential e.pansion can be
%dvantage over screw L 6ifferential e.pansion can be
obtained.
obtained.
Unless e.pertly made and ad5usted, tends to be rater

Unless e.pertly made and ad5usted, tends to be rater
unstable.
unstable.
Activation
Activation
Canine !etractors
Canine !etractors
+
7ype of spring
7ype of spring
+
used to move canine in distal direction
used to move canine in distal direction

C6ASSI=ICAIO<
C6ASSI=ICAIO<
I. I.
'ased on location 0buccal
'ased on location 0buccal

0palatal
0palatal
II. II.
'ased on presence of heli. or loop
'ased on presence of heli. or loop
III. III.
'ased on mode of action 0push type
'ased on mode of action 0push type

0pull type
0pull type
Buccal Self Sopported Canine )etractor
Buccal Self Sopported Canine )etractor
+
./ mm wire
./ mm wire
+
buccally placed canine is to be moved palatally and
buccally placed canine is to be moved palatally and
distally
distally
+
coil 5ust distal to long a.is of tooth
coil 5ust distal to long a.is of tooth

Activation/
Activation/
by 1mm
by 1mm

6istal 0closing the loop
6istal 0closing the loop

2alatal 0anterior limb is bent towards the tooth
2alatal 0anterior limb is bent towards the tooth

after it emerges from the coil
after it emerges from the coil
Uncomfortable to patient
Uncomfortable to patient
Stability increased0 fle.ibility compromised

Stability increased0 fle.ibility compromised
Supported Buccal Canine )etractor
Supported Buccal Canine )etractor
+
identical in design to self supported retractor
identical in design to self supported retractor
+
.=mm wire supported in tubing
.=mm wire supported in tubing
%ctivationA by "mm
%ctivationA by "mm

)e!erse #oop Canine )etractor
)e!erse #oop Canine )etractor
+
can be used in shallow sulcus
can be used in shallow sulcus
%ctivationA 1mm
%ctivationA 1mm
i. i.

cut off 1mm from the free end G readapt it
cut off 1mm from the free end G readapt it
ii. ii.

opening the coil
opening the coil
'
'
( #oop Buccal Canine )etractor
( #oop Buccal Canine )etractor
+
can be used in sallow sulcus
can be used in sallow sulcus
%ctivationA free end is cut by 1mm G readapted
%ctivationA free end is cut by 1mm G readapted
<e8uires fre8uent ad5ustment

<e8uires fre8uent ad5ustment
"alatal Canine )etractor
"alatal Canine )etractor
0canine placed palatally re8uiring distal buccal
0canine placed palatally re8uiring distal buccal
movement
movement
0coil of 1mm placed between the initial G final position
0coil of 1mm placed between the initial G final position
of canine
of canine
'o.ing G Fuarding
'o.ing G Fuarding
+
'o.ing to protect from damage
'o.ing to protect from damage
+
Spring lies in the recess between baseplate Gmucosa
Spring lies in the recess between baseplate Gmucosa
+
Fuard to prevent distortion during removal
Fuard to prevent distortion during removal

0often cran*ed
0often cran*ed
%ctivationA 10"mm by opening the coil
%ctivationA 10"mm by opening the coil

0should not be bent where it merges from the baseplate
0should not be bent where it merges from the baseplate

Dr1Safeena
Dr1Safeena
Screws
Screws
Used for moving individual teeth or group of teeth
Used for moving individual teeth or group of teeth

7ypes of screws
7ypes of screws
" types of e.pansion screws
" types of e.pansion screws
S*eletal e.pansion screw

S*eletal e.pansion screw
6ental e.pansion screw

6ental e.pansion screw
ypes of Screws
ypes of Screws
#a.illary e.pansion
#a.illary e.pansion
#andibular e.pansion
#andibular e.pansion
'ilateral e.pansion
'ilateral e.pansion
Sectional e.pansion
Sectional e.pansion
<adial e.pansion
<adial e.pansion
(.pansion in three directions
(.pansion in three directions
Acti!ation
Acti!ation
Screw is turned 9 degrees
Screw is turned 9 degrees
@ill drive the parts of the plate apart by ." mm
@ill drive the parts of the plate apart by ." mm
3arrows periodontal membrane by .1 mm on each
3arrows periodontal membrane by .1 mm on each
side
side
Ideal orthodontic
Ideal orthodontic
condition for transformation of bone
condition for transformation of bone
Uses /
Uses /
'aseplate divided into sections driven apart by
'aseplate divided into sections driven apart by
one or more screws
one or more screws
1: 1:
Split along midline L 'ilateral crossbite and minor
Split along midline L 'ilateral crossbite and minor
crowding of incisors
crowding of incisors
": ":
Split into a larger and a smaller part
Split into a larger and a smaller part

2retreatment
2retreatment
2ost0treatment
2ost0treatment
1: 1:
Lingually loc*ed and crowded upper central
Lingually loc*ed and crowded upper central
incisor tipped forward using springs after
incisor tipped forward using springs after
space provided by moderate e.pansion
space provided by moderate e.pansion
4: 4:
(.pansion and reduction of over5et
(.pansion and reduction of over5et
=: =:
M02lates L ?or alignment of crowded canines by
M02lates L ?or alignment of crowded canines by
saggital and lateral e.pansion
saggital and lateral e.pansion
Elastics
Elastics
<esembles rubber band
<esembles rubber band
#ade of late. rubber
#ade of late. rubber
%vailable in various diameters L force applied depends
%vailable in various diameters L force applied depends
on their diameter
on their diameter
&olour coded for easy identification
&olour coded for easy identification
Uses A
Uses A
?or movement of singe teeth and groups of teeth
?or movement of singe teeth and groups of teeth
?or interma.illary traction
?or interma.illary traction
&olar intrusion with remova)le a appliance
&olar intrusion with remova)le a appliance

Fiuilio %lessandri 'onatti, 6aniela Fiunta Fiuilio %lessandri 'onatti, 6aniela Fiunta
)&; %ug 199> )&; %ug 199>

CAS* +
CAS* +
After 7 months Prosthetic replacement After 7 months Prosthetic replacement

CAS* +
CAS* +
&%S( "
&%S( "
CAS* 2
CAS* 2
Soldering
Soldering
Soldering is the 5oining of two metals by the use of filler
Soldering is the 5oining of two metals by the use of filler
metal which has a substantially low fusion
metal which has a substantially low fusion
temperature than that of the metal parts being 5oined
temperature than that of the metal parts being 5oined
?usion temperature of filler metal I 4=
?usion temperature of filler metal I 4=
N
N
>ra'ing
>ra'ing
?usion temperature of filler metal O 4=N
?usion temperature of filler metal O 4=N
Dental solders
Dental solders
6ental solders are alloys used as intermediary or filler
6ental solders are alloys used as intermediary or filler
metals to 5oin two or more metallic parts.
metals to 5oin two or more metallic parts.
&omposed of gold, silver, copper, 9inc, tin, nic*el
&omposed of gold, silver, copper, 9inc, tin, nic*el
!e8uisites of a solder
!e8uisites of a solder
1. 1.
Food tarnish G corrosion resistance
Food tarnish G corrosion resistance
". ".
?usion temperature should be lower than that of
?usion temperature should be lower than that of
parts being 5oined. D=
parts being 5oined. D=
N
N
01
01
N
N
less:
less:
1. 1.
Should be free flowing and ade8uately wet the metal
Should be free flowing and ade8uately wet the metal
parts for good adhesion
parts for good adhesion
4. 4.
Strength of solder comparable to metals being
Strength of solder comparable to metals being
5oined
5oined
=. =.
&olour of solder should match with parts being
&olour of solder should match with parts being
soldered
soldered
=lu;/
=lu;/
in Latin means $flow
in Latin means $flow
+
<emoves o.ide coating to increase flow of the molten
<emoves o.ide coating to increase flow of the molten
solder
solder
+
6issolves any surface impurities
6issolves any surface impurities
+
2revents o.idation of metals
2revents o.idation of metals
+
<educes melting point of dental solder
<educes melting point of dental solder
?lu. used commonly
?lu. used commonly
'ora. Flass0 ==P
'ora. Flass0 ==P
'oric acid0 1=P
'oric acid0 1=P
Silica0 1P
Silica0 1P
?luoride flu.es0 'oric acid A 2otassium fluorideD1A1:
?luoride flu.es0 'oric acid A 2otassium fluorideD1A1:
Antiflu;
Antiflu;
#aterial used to confine the flow of molten solder over
#aterial used to confine the flow of molten solder over
metals being 5oined
metals being 5oined
Fraphite
Fraphite

Stainless steel is difficult to solder
Stainless steel is difficult to solder
1: 1:
3o union between solder G steel
3o union between solder G steel
under conditions of stress G strain in the mouth0
under conditions of stress G strain in the mouth0
)oint failure
)oint failure
": ":
Heating to temperature re8uired for soldering
Heating to temperature re8uired for soldering
anneals0 useless for spring purpose
anneals0 useless for spring purpose
1: 1:
2assive surface film of chromium protects it from
2assive surface film of chromium protects it from
further o.idation0 inhibits flow of solder
further o.idation0 inhibits flow of solder
Food design
Food design
%ccurate control of heat distribution

%ccurate control of heat distribution
Use of fluoride containing flu.

Use of fluoride containing flu.

Soldering techni2ue
Soldering techni2ue
+
#iniature butane blow lamp
#iniature butane blow lamp

+
)et of fine needle flame 1cm long
)et of fine needle flame 1cm long
+
<educing 9one of flame
<educing 9one of flame
+
7wisting one wire around the other
7wisting one wire around the other
+
;verheating0burning of wire and solder Lrough pitted
;verheating0burning of wire and solder Lrough pitted
surface on soldering.
surface on soldering.
+
Soldering to be performed in one heating if possible.
Soldering to be performed in one heating if possible.
+
Locali9ation of heat to the site of solder.
Locali9ation of heat to the site of solder.
Welding
Welding
@elding is process by which surfaces of metal are
@elding is process by which surfaces of metal are
5oined by mi.ing, with or without use of heat
5oined by mi.ing, with or without use of heat
6esign of welder for orthodontic purpose
6esign of welder for orthodontic purpose
?red in 191!
?red in 191!
#c -eag in 1919
#c -eag in 1919
2rinciple design features0 speed G power
2rinciple design features0 speed G power
&old welding0 done by hammering or pressure.
&old welding0 done by hammering or pressure.
Hot welding0 Heat of sufficient intensity to melt metals
Hot welding0 Heat of sufficient intensity to melt metals
being 5oined.
being 5oined.
1 methods of welding used in dentistry
1 methods of welding used in dentistry
1: 1:
Spot welding
Spot welding
": ":
2ressure welding
2ressure welding
1: 1:
Laser welding
Laser welding
Spot welding
Spot welding
&onvenient method of uniting pieces of metal of the
&onvenient method of uniting pieces of metal of the
same *ind
same *ind
&lean, Juic*, produces 5oints that are strong G reliable
&lean, Juic*, produces 5oints that are strong G reliable
'asic 2rinciples0 Heat G pressure
'asic 2rinciples0 Heat G pressure
(lectric current conducted through " copper electrodes
(lectric current conducted through " copper electrodes
<esistance offered generates very high temperature
<esistance offered generates very high temperature
&opper electrodes simultaneously apply pressure on
&opper electrodes simultaneously apply pressure on
metals
metals
#etal melts at contact points and pressure s8uee9es
#etal melts at contact points and pressure s8uee9es
metal into each other
metal into each other
&ircuite diagramA
&ircuite diagramA
Spot &elder
Spot &elder
Pressure Welding
Pressure Welding
#etal parts placed together
#etal parts placed together
Sufficiently large force applied perpendicular to the
Sufficiently large force applied perpendicular to the
surface0 welding occurs
surface0 welding occurs
?orce applied should be sufficiently large
?orce applied should be sufficiently large
6aser Welding
6aser Welding
High intensity pulse of light that can be focused
High intensity pulse of light that can be focused
Select duration G intensity of pulse0 metal melts in
Select duration G intensity of pulse0 metal melts in
small region without micro structural damage to
small region without micro structural damage to
surrounding areas
surrounding areas
APP6IA<C*S
APP6IA<C*S
Classification
Classification
1. 1.
<etention
<etention
". ".
2reventive G Interceptive
2reventive G Interceptive
1. 1.
%ctive tooth movement
%ctive tooth movement
7ransverse
7ransverse
Saggital
Saggital
Hertical
Hertical
-awleys Appliance
-awleys Appliance
6esigned by &harles Hawley in 19!
6esigned by &harles Hawley in 19!
#ost fre8uently used retainer
#ost fre8uently used retainer
Short labial bow
Short labial bow
%dams &lasp on molars
%dams &lasp on molars
&odifications /
&odifications /
1
Long labial bow L &losing space distal to canine
Long labial bow L &losing space distal to canine
1
Labial bow soldered to bridge of %dams clasp L
Labial bow soldered to bridge of %dams clasp L
avoids ris* of space opening due to cross over wire
avoids ris* of space opening due to cross over wire
1
?itted labial bow L ;ffers e.cellent retention
?itted labial bow L ;ffers e.cellent retention
1
%nterior bite plane L 7o retain or correct deep bite
%nterior bite plane L 7o retain or correct deep bite
cases
cases
1
(.pansion screw with split labial bow
(.pansion screw with split labial bow
1
@ith tongue crib.
@ith tongue crib.
1
@ith Q spring on second molars for lingual
@ith Q spring on second molars for lingual
movement of molars
movement of molars
Ale;ander?s !etainer
Ale;ander?s !etainer
+
$
$
& clasp on molars
& clasp on molars
+
%nterior labial bow
%nterior labial bow

High 6a)ial !etainer
High 6a)ial !etainer

Harvey L. Lavitt
Harvey L. Lavitt
)&; )an19/"
)&; )an19/"
+
&ontrol over each tooth seperately
&ontrol over each tooth seperately
+
Springs for correction of rotation and uprighting
Springs for correction of rotation and uprighting
+
'oth active and retentive
'oth active and retentive
+
#ore esthetic
#ore esthetic
A !emova)le CUSPID3O3CUSPID !etainer
A !emova)le CUSPID3O3CUSPID !etainer

DOU(6AS $1 SHI66IDA" @$CO +,-5A DOU(6AS $1 SHI66IDA" @$CO +,-5A
Beggs &raparound retainer
Beggs &raparound retainer
2opulari9ed by 2.<.'egg.
2opulari9ed by 2.<.'egg.
'ow e.tending till last erupted molar
'ow e.tending till last erupted molar
-
3o crossover wire, eliminates ris* of space opening
3o crossover wire, eliminates ris* of space opening
up
up
Clip3on !etainer
Clip3on !etainer
@ire runs labial to incisors, passes between canine and
@ire runs labial to incisors, passes between canine and
premolar
premolar
'oth labial and lingual wire segments embedded in
'oth labial and lingual wire segments embedded in
strips of acrylic
strips of acrylic
'rings out correction of rotation in lower anterior
'rings out correction of rotation in lower anterior
segments
segments
#an der 6inden !etainer
#an der 6inden !etainer
)&; #ay"1
)&; #ay"1
BeslingCs ooth positioner
BeslingCs ooth positioner
6escribed by H.6.-esling in 194=
6escribed by H.6.-esling in 194=
#ade of thermoplastic rubber li*e material
#ade of thermoplastic rubber li*e material
Spans interocclusal space and covers clinical crowns
Spans interocclusal space and covers clinical crowns
and a small portion of gingiva
and a small portion of gingiva
-
3o activation needed
3o activation needed
6ifficulty in speech
6ifficulty in speech
<is* of 7#) problems

<is* of 7#) problems
*ssi; !etainers3 =a)rication and supervision for
*ssi; !etainers3 =a)rication and supervision for
permanent retention
permanent retention
)ohn. ). Sheridan, @illaim Ledou., <obert #cmin )ohn. ). Sheridan, @illaim Ledou., <obert #cmin
)&; )an 1991 )&; )an 1991

Wraparound cantilever retainer
Wraparound cantilever retainer

7imonthy ). 7remont
7imonthy ). 7remont

)&; ?eb0 "1
)&; ?eb0 "1
+
Ideal for a well finished case
Ideal for a well finished case
+
&antilever arm0 middle of first bicuspid
&antilever arm0 middle of first bicuspid

soldered to labial bow
soldered to labial bow
+
'ow ad5usted by giving a slight bend in the cantilever arm
'ow ad5usted by giving a slight bend in the cantilever arm
+
7hermoplastic copolymer retainer
7hermoplastic copolymer retainer
+
7hin, yet strong, cuspid0cuspid
7hin, yet strong, cuspid0cuspid
+
Low cost G ease of fabrication
Low cost G ease of fabrication
+
'rilliant appearance of teeth caused by light reflection
'rilliant appearance of teeth caused by light reflection
+
7hic*ness0 .1RSpace cut at distogingival margin
7hic*ness0 .1RSpace cut at distogingival margin

to allow removal removal
to allow removal removal
+
2ontic can be incorporated for missing anterior tooth
2ontic can be incorporated for missing anterior tooth
Ha)it >rea%ingD!estraining Appliances
Ha)it >rea%ingD!estraining Appliances
7ongue crib appliance
7ongue crib appliance
7ongue crib anchored to oral cavity by clasps and labial
7ongue crib anchored to oral cavity by clasps and labial
bow
bow
Used for interception of habits li*e tongue thrusting and
Used for interception of habits li*e tongue thrusting and
thumb suc*ing.
thumb suc*ing.
%ral Screen+3estiular screen
%ral Screen+3estiular screen
+
Introduced by 3ewell in 191" Introduced by 3ewell in 191"
+
Shield of acrylic placed in the labial vestibule Shield of acrylic placed in the labial vestibule
+
6esigned to screen oral cavity 6esigned to screen oral cavity
+
#etal ring pro5ecting between upper and lower lips #etal ring pro5ecting between upper and lower lips
+
Used to intercept habits li*e thumb suc*ing, tongue thrusting Used to intercept habits li*e thumb suc*ing, tongue thrusting
and mouth breathing. and mouth breathing.
&odifications
&odifications
+
?or interception of tongue thrusting A
?or interception of tongue thrusting A
+
%dditional screen placed in the lingual aspect,
%dditional screen placed in the lingual aspect,
attached to the vestibular screen by means of a thic*
attached to the vestibular screen by means of a thic*
wire
wire
+
?or mouth breathing0 when airways are open
?or mouth breathing0 when airways are open
+
?abricated with a number of holes that are gradually
?abricated with a number of holes that are gradually
closed.
closed.
+
;pen bite in deciduous G mi.ed dentition
;pen bite in deciduous G mi.ed dentition
+
#ild disto0occlosion with prema.illary protrusion
#ild disto0occlosion with prema.illary protrusion
Space &aintainers
Space &aintainers
Space maintenance is a process of maintaining the space
Space maintenance is a process of maintaining the space
previously occupied by a tooth or several teeth before
previously occupied by a tooth or several teeth before
the eruption of permanent tooth.
the eruption of permanent tooth.
&lassification
&lassification
?unctional0 teeth incorporated to aid in mastication,

?unctional0 teeth incorporated to aid in mastication,
speech and esthetics.
speech and esthetics.
3onfunctional0 acrylic e.tension over edentulous

3onfunctional0 acrylic e.tension over edentulous
area to prevent space closure
area to prevent space closure
&lass IA Unilateral ma.illary posterior
&lass IA Unilateral ma.illary posterior
&lass IIA Unilateral mandibular posterior
&lass IIA Unilateral mandibular posterior
&lass IIIA 'ilateral ma.illary posterior
&lass IIIA 'ilateral ma.illary posterior
&lass IHA 'ilateral mandibular posterior
&lass IHA 'ilateral mandibular posterior
E
E
CC Space !egainer
CC Space !egainer
ongue >lade herapy
ongue >lade herapy
6ip >umperD 6ip Shield
6ip >umperD 6ip Shield
(.tends into the vestibular sulcus to the labial fold
(.tends into the vestibular sulcus to the labial fold
3o contact made between shield and incisors
3o contact made between shield and incisors
(liminates persistent hyperactivity of mentalis muscle
(liminates persistent hyperactivity of mentalis muscle
&lass II div 1 malocclusion
&lass II div 1 malocclusion
&lass I flush terminal plane with large over5et
&lass I flush terminal plane with large over5et
Shield the lower lip away0 used for interception of lip
Shield the lower lip away0 used for interception of lip
suc*ing habit
suc*ing habit
7o augment anchorage
7o augment anchorage
6istallisation of first molars
6istallisation of first molars
%s space regainers0 early loss of deciduous molars
%s space regainers0 early loss of deciduous molars
Denholt' Appliance
Denholt' Appliance
Lip bumper for the ma.illary arch
Lip bumper for the ma.illary arch
6esign similar to madibular lip bumper
6esign similar to madibular lip bumper

Cro'at Appliance reatment of >uccal
Cro'at Appliance reatment of >uccal
Cross)ite
Cross)ite
$CO 2..5?
$CO 2..5?
$une
$une

?ran* #arasa
?ran* #arasa
ACCO
ACCO
+
%crylic &ervico ;ccipital anchorage
%crylic &ervico ;ccipital anchorage
+
#argolis 19/> G Spengeman 19>/
#argolis 19/> G Spengeman 19>/
+
%crylic on labial bow
%crylic on labial bow
+
%u.iliaries0 springs for posterior rotation
%u.iliaries0 springs for posterior rotation

0 minimal anterior crowding
0 minimal anterior crowding

0 minimal distali9ation
0 minimal distali9ation
)acobson splint0 Used phase therapy or prefi.ed
)acobson splint0 Used phase therapy or prefi.ed
appliance guidance.
appliance guidance.
Herdon combination appliance0@hen
Herdon combination appliance0@hen
mandibular protraction desired
mandibular protraction desired
=i;ed !emova)le approach to presurgical
=i;ed !emova)le approach to presurgical
Orthodontic reatment
Orthodontic reatment

H.S.;rton, 2.#.3oble
H.S.;rton, 2.#.3oble
Lower full edgewise appliance )&; #ay 199
Lower full edgewise appliance )&; #ay 199
Upper labial sectional edgewise appliance
Upper labial sectional edgewise appliance
(.pansion plate with dams clasp for fi.ation
(.pansion plate with dams clasp for fi.ation
6esign variation for class II div " cases
6esign variation for class II div " cases
&lasps on I premolar and I molar
&lasps on I premolar and I molar
2alatal spring to intrude and procline upper incisors
2alatal spring to intrude and procline upper incisors
>onding for !etention of !emova)le Appliances
6eonard (orelic%? Arnold (eiger
$CO +,0: $U<*
%natomic factors prevent ade8uate
%natomic factors prevent ade8uate
retention
retention
+
'ell shaped posterior teeth
'ell shaped posterior teeth
+
7eeth with abnormal a.ial
7eeth with abnormal a.ial
inclination
inclination
+
High palatal vault0 poor tissue
High palatal vault0 poor tissue
adaptation of acrylic
adaptation of acrylic
+
Large tori that limit tissue support
Large tori that limit tissue support
'ondable eyelet
'ondable eyelet
&omposite bonding material

&omposite bonding material

>onded Composite >utton for !emova)le
>onded Composite >utton for !emova)le
Appliances
Appliances
)&; "1 )une
)&; "1 )une
Stephen (dward Frimm III
Stephen (dward Frimm III
+
&omposite button made on lingual surface
&omposite button made on lingual surface
+
Undercut made on the gingival side of the button
Undercut made on the gingival side of the button
+
2revents the spring from being displaced
2revents the spring from being displaced
+
%llows full force to act on the tooth
%llows full force to act on the tooth
Instructions to patient
+
6iscomfort
6iscomfort
+
2honetics
2honetics
+
Increased salivation
Increased salivation
+
&leaned after eating
&leaned after eating
+
Initially full time wear e.cept while eating for >mts
Initially full time wear e.cept while eating for >mts
+
Later night time wear
Later night time wear
Conclusion
Conclusion
S
S
%ll you can do is push, pull or turn a tooth. I have given
%ll you can do is push, pull or turn a tooth. I have given
you an appliance and now for Fods sa*e use itR
you an appliance and now for Fods sa*e use itR
(dward.H.%ngle
(dward.H.%ngle
)eferences
)eferences
C
;rthodontic treatment with removable appliances0 @.
;rthodontic treatment with removable appliances0 @.
@.).'. Houston, -.F. Issacson
@.).'. Houston, -.F. Issacson
C
7he 6esign, construction and use or <emovable
7he 6esign, construction and use or <emovable
;rthodontic %ppliances L &. 2hilip %dams
;rthodontic %ppliances L &. 2hilip %dams
C
<emovable ;rthodontic %ppliances0 7.#. Fraber,
<emovable ;rthodontic %ppliances0 7.#. Fraber,
'edrich 3eumann
'edrich 3eumann
C
;rthodontics 2rinciples and 2ractice0 7.#. Fraber
;rthodontics 2rinciples and 2ractice0 7.#. Fraber
C
&ontemporary ;rthodontics0 2roffit
&ontemporary ;rthodontics0 2roffit
)eferences
)eferences
C
;rthodontics. 2ost graduate dental hand boo*0 Spiro.
;rthodontics. 2ost graduate dental hand boo*0 Spiro.
). &ha*onas
). &ha*onas
C
%n Introduction to ;rthodontics0 Laura #itchell
%n Introduction to ;rthodontics0 Laura #itchell
C
<emovable 2artial 2rosthodontics 0 #c&rac*ens
<emovable 2artial 2rosthodontics 0 #c&rac*ens
C
6entofacial ;rthopedics with ?unctional %ppliances,
6entofacial ;rthopedics with ?unctional %ppliances,
7homas. #. Fraber, 7homas <a*osi, %le.andre F.
7homas. #. Fraber, 7homas <a*osi, %le.andre F.
2etrovic
2etrovic
C
<emovable ;rthodontic %ppliances. #.S.<ani
<emovable ;rthodontic %ppliances. #.S.<ani
)eferences
)eferences
C
High Labial <etainer Harvey.L.Levitt High Labial <etainer Harvey.L.Levitt
)&; )an19/" )&; )an19/"
C
% <emovable cuspid0to0cuspid <etainer % <emovable cuspid0to0cuspid <etainer
6oglus ). Shilliday )&; 19/1 6oglus ). Shilliday )&; 19/1
C
&ro9at 2rincilples and 7echni8ue. @endell H. 7aylr. )&; &ro9at 2rincilples and 7echni8ue. @endell H. 7aylr. )&;
)une 19!= )une 19!=
C
&ro9at %ppliance 7reatment of 'uccal &rossbite ?ran* &ro9at %ppliance 7reatment of 'uccal &rossbite ?ran*
#arasa. )&; )une "1 #arasa. )&; )une "1
C
(ssi. <etainers0 ?abrication and supervision for permanent (ssi. <etainers0 ?abrication and supervision for permanent
retention )ohn. ). Sheridan, @illaim Ledou., <obert #cmin. retention )ohn. ). Sheridan, @illaim Ledou., <obert #cmin.
)&; )an 1991 )&; )an 1991
C
Han der Linden <etainer Han der Linden <etainer )&; #ay"1 )&; #ay"1

7han* you
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Basic Removable Orthodontic Appliences

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Basic Removable Orthodontic Appliences

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INDIAN DENTAL

Properties of Orthodontic wires

Commonly Used Appliances

Soldering and Welding

There is only one disease that is

chief proponent of removable appliances in the US

Introduced Hawleys appliance in 19!

#odified arrowhead clasp into $%dams &rib

'ecame the basis for (nglish removable appliances

Still the most effective clasp for orthodontic purpose

In early 19s developed a removable appliance

(ffective clasps on I molars modified from )ac*sons

Heavy gold wires as framewor*

Lighter gold finger springs for desired tooth

%ppliances that affect actual tooth movement

%ppliances that stimulate refle. muscle activity

&annot be used in partially erupted teeth

Inade8uate retention in partially erupted teeth

(.tensive wire bending incorporates stresses in the

&an be used only on posterior teeth

;n single tooth does not have firm grip

If used for more than >w*s0

#ay need fre8uent cementation

6ue to e.tensive loops less comfortable

3ot well tolerated by the patient

7ime consuming to fabricate

&annot be used in patients with shallow sulcus

U loops made between I G II premolars

If not constructed well retention may not be good

If not perpendicular to palatial surface of teeth, it

Unless e.pertly made and ad5usted, tends to be rater

Stability increased0 fle.ibility compromised

<e8uires fre8uent ad5ustment

S*eletal e.pansion screw

6ental e.pansion screw

%ccurate control of heat distribution

Use of fluoride containing flu.

<is* of 7#) problems

?unctional0 teeth incorporated to aid in mastication,

3onfunctional0 acrylic e.tension over edentulous

&omposite bonding material

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