Social and Ethical Issues of Information Technology

Social And Ethical Issues Of Information
Technology `
Contents
What is Ethics and Information Technology??
Ethical issues relating to computer application
Security Threats
Computer Viruses
Cyber Crime
Software piracy and Hacking
Computer crime preention
Case Study
Ethical dilemmas and consideration

Ethics
Derived from the Greek word ethos, which means

custom, habit, and way of living
Definition: "the discipline and practice of

applying alue to human behaior!
resulting in meaningful conduct.
Cont.
"rofessional Ethics# concerns one's conduct of behavior and

practice when carrying out professional work, e.g., consulting,
researching, teaching and writing.
A computing professional must understand
Cultural, social, legal, and ethical issues in computing.
Responsibility and possible consequences of failure.

Computer Ethics
Computer ethics defined as the application of classical

ethical principles to the use of computer technology.
Ethical problems related to computers:
Privacy
Computers create a false sense of security
People do not realie how vulnera!le information stored on

computers are
Property
Physical property
"ntellectual property #in !oth copyri$ht and patent%
Data as property
Access
Access to computing technology
Access to data
Accuracy
Accuracy of information stored
Hacking, cracking and virus creation
Software piracy
The Ten Commandments of computer ethics have been defined by
the Computer Ethics Institute.
1) Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
2) Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer

work.
3) Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.
4) Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
5) Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
6) Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have
not paid.
7) Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources

without authorisation.
8) Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual

output.
9) Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the

program you write.
10) Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show

consideration and respect.
Computer Virus
What is Computer Virus?
Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to

spread from one computer to another and to interfere with
computer operation.
Spreading of Virus
Virus are most easily spread,
Spread through E-mail Attachments,
Instant Messaging messages,
Funny Images,
Audio and Videos files,
Downloading files from Internet,
Greeting cards and many more.

Steps to help avoid Viruses
&se an "nternet firewall,
'u!scri!e to industry standard antivirus software,
(ever open an e)mail attachment from someone you

don*t know,
'can each and every attachment,
+ules to !e followed, while surfin$ net

COMPUTER CRIMES
TYPES OF COMPUTER CRIMES
TARGET OF THE CRIME
MEDIUM OF THE ATTACK
TOOL
INTIMIDATE OR DECEIVE
Types of Computer Criminal
Outsiders
Insiders
REASON FOR COMPUTER CRIME
ECONOMIC
IDEOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
EGOCENTRIC
METHODS OF ATTACK
DATA TEMPERING
Programming Techniques
OTHER METHODS
Computer Crime can be Defined
as
", "nfrastructure
"lle$al access
"lle$al "nteruption
Data "nterfare
'ystem "nterfrence
-isuse .f Devices
/lectronic 0raud
Software piracy and Hacking
What is
PIRACY???????
Reselling Media
Downloading from a website
Taping songs
Buying a used book or CD
Watching broadcast television but skipping commercials

Types of PIRACY
End User Piracy
Client Server Piracy
Internet Piracy
Hard-Disk Piracy
Software Counterfeiting

End-User Piracy
This occurs when a company employee reproduces copies of

software without authorization
Copying disk for installation and distribution
Swapping disks in or outside the workplace

Client-Server Piracy
This type of piracy occurs when too many employees on a network

are using a central copy of a program at the same time.
System Overuse
Internet Piracy
This occurs when software is downloaded from the Internet The

same purchasing rules should apply to online software purchase as
for those bought in traditional ways.
Pirate website
Unauthorized transfer of copyrighted program

Hard-Disk Loading
This occurs when a business who sells new computers loads illegal
copies of software onto the hard disks to make the purchase of the
machines more attractive.
Value Added Resellers (VAR)

Software Counterfeiting
This type of piracy is the illegal duplication and sale of copyrighted

material with the intent of directly imitating the copyrighted
product.
HACKER
Some one who bypasses the systems access controls by taking

advantage of security weaknesses left in the system by developers .
What HACKER do???????
SYSTEM
Access confidential information
Threaten someone from YOUR computer
Broadcast your confidential letters or materials .
Store illegal material

Evils of Hacking
Compromise the security of system without permission from an

authorized party, usually with the intent of accessing computers
connected to the network.
Advantage of Hacking
To determine problem and weakness for program
Creation of firewall
Useful for military purpose and spying
Better computer security

Computer crime prevention
Computer crime is becoming ever prevalent in our society. More
and more companies and individuals rely on the service and
resources provided through networks computers.
TYPES OF COMPUTER CRIME
PREVENTION
Internet crime prevention
Prevention of cyber crime
Prevention of computer crime in banking
IT security
Computer crime prevention law
Hi tech crime prevention law
Computer crime preventing on line fraud
World risk investigation and terrorist prevention

Case Study
of sole remaining supplier
Key points of Case Study
Introduction
Background (pacemaker)
Lack of dexterity in installation of pacemaker
Serious consequences
Transistor making company decided to pull its hand out of

business
Key points of Case Study
Realization of problem
Ethical dilemma
Different views in board of director
Theory of utilitarianism
solution
ETHICAL
DILEMMA
A!D
C"!IDERATI"!
Ethica# di#emmas in IT
Dilemmas are discussed in relation to four areas)
Privacy
"nformation accuracy
1ccess to information
"ntellectual property ri$hts

Ethica# di#emmas in re#ation to IT
P21G"1+"'-),he takin$ of ideas,writin$ and

drawin$s or other similar intellectual property created
!y others and presentin$ it as your own.
(/,"3&/,,/)1 set of rules #mainly unwritten% to

follow while you are online.
"ME IMP"RTA!T $IEW
"nternet offers $reat riches for the future,!ut poses

many threats.
,echnolo$y re4uires vi$ilance.
Considerations re$ardin$ information ethics influence

personal decisions,professional practice and pu!lic
policy.

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Social And Ethical Issues Of Information

What is Ethics and Information Technology??

Ethical issues relating to computer application

Software piracy and Hacking

Computer crime preention

Ethical dilemmas and consideration

Derived from the Greek word ethos, which means

Definition: "the discipline and practice of

"rofessional Ethics# concerns one's conduct of behavior and

A computing professional must understand

Cultural, social, legal, and ethical issues in computing.

Responsibility and possible consequences of failure.

Computer ethics defined as the application of classical

Ethical problems related to computers:

Computers create a false sense of security

People do not realie how vulnera!le information stored on

"ntellectual property #in !oth copyri$ht and patent%

Access to computing technology

Accuracy of information stored

Hacking, cracking and virus creation

1) Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.

2) Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer

3) Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.

4) Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.

5) Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.

7) Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources

8) Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual

9) Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the

10) Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show

Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to

Virus are most easily spread,

Spread through E-mail Attachments,

Instant Messaging messages,

Audio and Videos files,

Downloading files from Internet,

Greeting cards and many more.

&se an "nternet firewall,

'u!scri!e to industry standard antivirus software,

(ever open an e)mail attachment from someone you

'can each and every attachment,

+ules to !e followed, while surfin$ net

TARGET OF THE CRIME

MEDIUM OF THE ATTACK

Downloading from a website

Buying a used book or CD

Watching broadcast television but skipping commercials

End User Piracy

Client Server Piracy

This occurs when a company employee reproduces copies of

Copying disk for installation and distribution

Swapping disks in or outside the workplace

This type of piracy occurs when too many employees on a network

This occurs when software is downloaded from the Internet The

Unauthorized transfer of copyrighted program

Value Added Resellers (VAR)

This type of piracy is the illegal duplication and sale of copyrighted

Some one who bypasses the systems access controls by taking

Access confidential information

Threaten someone from YOUR computer