Genetically Modified Foods Slides
Genetically Modified Foods Slides
Genetically Modified Foods Slides
Group
Kazi Sami Bin Eamdad Ahmed Imran Kabir Nabil Hasan Nahian Al Ferdous
Course: BIO103
Section: 11
Introduction
Genetically modified foods are foods derived from genetically
modified organisms (GMOs). Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much
History
Genetically Modified Foods were first put on the market in 1996. Animal products have also been developed although as of July 2010.
In 2006, a pig was engineered to produce omega-3 fatty acid. Researchers have also developed a genetically-modified breed of pigs that are able to absorb plant phosphorus more efficiently.
Historically man has selectively bred food plants to produce bigger and better crops. This was achieved by deliberately cross-pollinating plants with desirable features.
History (Cont.)
Genetic modification (GM) takes selective breeding a step further. Scientists are learning how to identify genes and recognize which genes control the development of which characteristics.
than a dozen countries around the world have latched on to the technology, including Argentina, Canada, China, Australia, India, and Mexico.
Method
Genetic modification involves the insertion or deletion of genes. In the process of cogenesis, genes are artificially transferred between organisms that could be conventionally bred.
In the process of transgenesis, genes from a different species are inserted, which is a form of horizontal gene transfer.
To do this artificially may require transferring genes as part of an attenuated virus genome or physically inserting the extra DNA into the nucleus of the host using a micro syringe, or as a coating on gold nanoparticles fired from a gene gun.
Method (cont.)
However, other methods exploit natural forms of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agro bacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, and the ability of lent viruses to transfer genes to animal cells. The method to introduce new genes into plants requires several important factors such as specific promoter, cordon usage of the gene and how to deactivate the gene. The specific promoter must pertain to area that we want the gene to express.
By genetically modifying plants in the laboratory it is possible to have stricter control over the genes. In nature all the genetic material from the parent plants is mixed. With GM the desirable genes can be separated from the undesirable genes.
In nature recessive genes often "skip" several generations. It is also possible by GM to cross species that would not breed together naturally.
Advantages of GM Foods
Insect and pest resistance Disease resistance Crops that can withstand environmental stress Herbicide tolerance Improved nutritional value Biopharmaceuticals
Sturdy plants able to withstand weather extremes Better quality food crops Inexpensive and nutritious food, like carrots with more antioxidants Foods with a greater shelf life, like tomatoes that taste better and last longer
Better quality food crops Higher nutritional yields in crops Inexpensive and nutritious food, like carrots with more antioxidants
Major trading countries that obtain most of the benefit from the production and trade of genetically modified crops. As the USA is the biggest producer of GMO crops, their exports may rouse more anti-American feeling GMOs are made because it is possible to make them, not because consumers feel their need. Possible creation of new kinds of weapons; genetic food and beverage weapons. Widening corporate size gaps between food producing giants and smaller ones.
Human health risks: Allergenicity may have developed life-threatening allergies to peanuts and other foods.
Conclusion
Conclusion (cont.)
Many people feel that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future and that we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such enormous potential benefits. we must proceed with caution to avoid causing unintended harm to human health and the environment.
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