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    42 (Lecture - P&ID's)

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    Ajmal Raza
    This document provides guidance on creating piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It discusses P&ID format, layout rules, symbology for equipment and instrumentation, and development steps. Key points covered include always considering safety, keeping designs as simple as possible, and aiming for the lowest capital and operating costs. Guidance is also given on common control elements like flow, pressure, temperature, and level control.

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    42 (Lecture - P&ID's)

    Uploaded by

    Ajmal Raza
    120 views26 pages
    This document provides guidance on creating piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It discusses P&ID format, layout rules, symbology for equipment and instrumentation, and development steps. Key points covered include always considering safety, keeping designs as simple as possible, and aiming for the lowest capital and operating costs. Guidance is also given on common control elements like flow, pressure, temperature, and level control.

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    42(lecture - P&ID's)

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    This document provides guidance on creating piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It discusses P&ID format, layout rules, symbology for equipment and instrumentation, and development steps. Key points covered include always considering safety, keeping designs as simple as possible, and aiming for the lowest capital and operating costs. Guidance is also given on common control elements like flow, pressure, temperature, and level control.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    120 views26 pages

    42 (Lecture - P&ID's)

    Uploaded by

    Ajmal Raza
    This document provides guidance on creating piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It discusses P&ID format, layout rules, symbology for equipment and instrumentation, and development steps. Key points covered include always considering safety, keeping designs as simple as possible, and aiming for the lowest capital and operating costs. Guidance is also given on common control elements like flow, pressure, temperature, and level control.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    P&IDs

    PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS

    Format & Layout


    Title Block Sheet Number Revision Number Date

    Format & Layout


    Layout Rules of Thumb No Scale Flow From Left to Right across page Important Process Streams Heavy Dark Less Important (utilities, instrumentation lines lightweight) Horizontal Lines break vertical Lines Process Lines Break Instrumentation Lines Pumps along bottom Tanks above pumps

    P&IDs - Symbology
    Equipment Symbology Instrumentation Symbology See the document P&ID Symbols and Photos.DOC

    P&IDs - Equipment
    Keep in mind the development of the P&IDs is really developing the process The way it will start-up / shut-down and normally operate Procedure Start with the Simulation and Equipment List Draw Equipment (including spares) Draw the major process Lines, then Utilities

    P&IDs - Safety - ALWAYS!!!!!


    ALWAYS Consider Safety!!
    Think, what happens if the control valve doesnt operate as intended? What happens if the pump stops working? How will the operators troubleshoot the problem? What if the operators ignore an alarm ...

    Consider the need for redundant controls and equipment, but only if deemed necessary. Redundant things are twice as likely to fail!

    P&IDs - Simplicity Rules


    The easiest process to operate and understand is the simplest one K.I.S.S. Add indicators (flow, pressure, temperature) for trouble shooting Dont add controls unless they are absolutely necessary Only resort to complicated controls when you have to... Consider the consequences of operators not understanding them.

    P&IDs - Rookie Mistakes


    Dont put level control on Storage Tanks Theyre there to take up variations in flow, therefore the level is supposed to float Let Pressures in the process float as much as possible, try not to over control operating pressures. Dont try to control liquid flow at two points in a pipe - remember conservation of mass Dont look at one P&ID only - Look at the big picture then consider the details

    P&IDs - Rookie Mistakes


    Draw the equipment the way its going to be built - dont oversimplify its representation more equipment/inst detail is better
    Show Liquid levels / internals etc. It helps you design the controls It helps operators understand how it works FIC Set@ 1200 kg/hr FT

    FE

    FV

    Watch Out For Controls on Different Sheets

    Simplicity

    A A

    P&IDs - Costs Are Important


    Goal: Lowest Capital costs and Lowest Operating Costs. Only build whats required The Cheapest Process that meets the need of all involved is the most profitable. Its got to work! After that, make it cheap as possible.

    P&IDs - Control
    The Flow that occurs in a pipe is a function of the Pressure Drop. Valves add or subtract from the natural pressure drop of the pipe. Valves change the pressure drop to give us the flow rate we want

    P&IDs
    Control (Globe) Valves can have just about any pressure drop and flow combination
    50 gizillion psi 20 m3/hr 5 psi

    On the other hand, pipes have very definite flow/pressure relationship


    2 pipe, 20 m long, 20 m3/hr P = 5 kPa

    P&IDs
    Piping Pressure Drop
    System Curve for 4 pipe, length 100 ft

    Resulting Flow Through Pipe

    Pressure Differential

    P&IDs
    Piping Pressure Drop
    System Curve for 4 pipe, length 100 ft

    Pressure Differential

    Resulting Flow Through Pipe

    P&IDs
    Piping Pressure Drop
    System Curve for 4 pipe, length 100 ft With a valve thats 50% closed

    Pressure Differential

    Resulting Flow Through Pipe

    P&IDs
    In a Liquid System (non compressible flow) two valves in series have the same flow rate through them

    DP = 3 bar

    DP = 20 bar

    Press 7 bar(g)

    Assume each segment of pipe has a DP of 1 bar

    P&IDs
    Backing Up

    Press 7 bar(g)

    P&IDs
    Pumps (Centrifugal)
    System Curve Pressure Increase That Pump Is Able To Produce

    Pump Curve

    Flow Through Pump

    P&IDs - Control Systems


    First ask what controls the production rate of the process? How will we control this production rate

    Flow control

    P&IDs - Control Systems


    Mentally take note of other critical things that need to be controlled (flow, temperature, pressure, level) Feed - do we need flow control ? Multiple feeds - do we need to ratio one flow rate to another?
    A Flow of B depends on A B

    Ratio Control
    FIC

    FT
    Primary Rate

    FE FT
    Ratio To Primary

    FV
    FRIC

    FE

    FV

    Pressure
    To Decrease the Pressure of a Tank allow material to be removed (at a faster rate) condense vapour faster
    PIC PT PV Control Downstream Pressure PIC

    PT
    PV Control Upstream Pressure

    Temperature
    Usually you increase the flow or pressure of one stream. The effect of that change is to cause another streams temperature to change.

    Level
    To Decrease the Level of a Tank allow material to be removed (at a faster rate) Tanks and Pumps Always Provide a way of preventing your pumps from running dry Always Provide a way of preventing your pumps from being dead headed
    Recirc the pump discharge to the tank with a minimum flow bypass

    Controls
    Failure Position of Valves Most of the time its safer to bottle up the process and prevent failure from propagating downstream by making control valves fail closed

    Occasionally its better to fail open


    ie. Cooling water

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