7 Factoring Ax2+Bx+c

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c
Preview Warm Up California Standards Lesson Presentation

Warm Up Find each product.
1. (x 2)(2x + 7)
2x2 + 3x 14
2. (3y + 4)(2y + 9) 6y2 + 35y + 36 3. (3n 5)(n 7) 3n2 26n + 35 Factor each trinomial. 4. x2 + 4x 32 (x 4)(x + 8) 5. z2 + 15z + 36 (z + 3)(z + 12) 6. h2 17h + 72 (h 8)(h 9)
California Standards
11.0 Students apply basic factoring techniques to second- and simple third- degree polynomials. These techniques include finding a common factor for all terms in a polynomial, recognizing the difference of two squares, and recognizing perfect squares of binomials.
When you multiply (3x + 2)(2x + 5), the coefficient of the x2-term is the product of the coefficients of the x-terms. Also, the constant term in the trinomial is the product of the constants in the binomials.
(3x + 2)(2x + 5) = 6x2 + 19x + 10

Additional Example 1: Factoring ax2 + bx + c
Factor 6x2 + 11x + 4. Check your answer.
The first term is 6x2, so at least one variable term has a coefficient other than 1. The coefficient of the x2 term is 6. The constant term in the trinomial is 4. (2x + 4)(3x + 1) = 6x2 + 14x + 4 Try integer factors of 6 for the 2 (1x + 4)(6x + 1) = 6x + 25x + 4 coefficients and (1x + 2)(6x + 2) = 6x2 + 14x + 4 integer factors of (1x + 1)(6x + 4) = 6x2 + 10x + 4 4 for the constant (3x + 4)(2x + 1) = 6x2 + 11x + 4 terms.
( x + )( x + )

Additional Example 1 Continued
Factor 6x2 + 11x + 4. Check your answer.
The factors of 6x2 + 11x + 4 are (3x + 4) and (2x + 1).

6x2 + 11x + 4 = (3x + 4)(2x + 1)
Check (3x + 4)(2x + 1) = 6x2 + 3x + 8x + 4
Use the FOIL method.
= 6x2 + 11x + 4 The product of the original trinomial.
Partner Share! Example 1a Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 6x2 + 11x + 3 ( x + )( x + ) The first term is 6x2, so at least one variable term has a coefficient other than 1.
The coefficient of the x2 term is 6. The constant term in the trinomial is 3. Try integer factors of (2x + 1)(3x + 3) = 6x2 + 9x + 3 6 for the 2 (1x + 3)(6x + 1) = 6x + 19x + 3 coefficients and
(1x + 1)(6x + 3) = 6x2 + 9x + 3
(3x + 1)(2x + 3) = 6x2 + 11x + 3
integer factors of 3 for the constant terms.
Partner Share! Example 1b
Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 3x2 2x 8
( x + )( x + )
The first term is 3x2, so at least one variable term has a coefficient other than 1.
The coefficient of the x2 term is 3. The constant term in the trinomial is 8. (1x 1)(3x + 8) = 3x2 + 5x 8 Try integer factors of 3 for the coefficients 2 (1x 4)(3x + 2) = 3x 10x 8 and integer factors (1x 8)(3x + 1) = 3x2 23x 8 of 8 for the constant (1x 2)(3x + 4) = 3x2 2x 8 terms.

So, to factor ax2 + bx + c, check the factors of a and the factors of c in the binomials. The sum of the products of the outer and inner terms should be b.
Product = a
Product = c
X+
)(
x+
) = ax2 + bx + c
Sum of outer and inner products = b

Since you need to check all the factors of a and all the factors of c, it may be helpful to make a table. Then check the products of the outer and inner terms to see if the sum is b. You can multiply the binomials to check your answer.
Product = a Product = c
X+
)(
x+
) = ax2 + bx + c
Sum of outer and inner products = b

When c is Positive Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 2x2 + 17x + 21 a = 2 and c = 21; Outer + Inner = 17. ( x + )( x + )
Factors of 2 Factors of 21 1 and 21 1 and 2 21 and 1 1 and 2 3 and 7 1 and 2 7 and 3 1 and 2 Outer + Inner 1(21) + 2(1) = 23 1(1) + 2(21) = 43 1(7) + 2(3) = 13 1(3) + 2(7) = 17
Additional Example 2A: Factoring ax2 + bx + c
Use the FOILmethod. (x + 7)(2x + 3) Check (x + 7)(2x + 3) = 2x2 + 3x + 14x + 21 = 2x2 + 17x + 21
Remember! When b is negative and c is positive, the factors of c are both negative.

When c is Positive Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 3x2 16x + 16 ( x+ )( x+ )
Factors of 3 Factors of 16 1 and 3 1 and 16 1 and 3 2 and 8 4 and 4 1 and 3
Additional Example 2B: Factoring ax2 + bx + c
a = 3 and c = 16, Outer + Inner = 16 .
Outer + Inner
1(16) + 3(1) = 19 1( 8) + 3(2) = 14 1( 4) + 3( 4)= 16
(x 4)(3x 4)
Check (x 4)(3x 4) = 3x2 4x 12x + 16 = 3x2 16x + 16

Partner Share! Example 2a Factor each trinomial. Check your answer.
6x2 + 17x + 5
( x+ )( x+ )
a = 6 and c = 5; Outer + Inner = 17.
Outer + Inner 1(5) + 6(1) = 11 2(5) + 3(1) = 13 3(5) + 2(1) = 17
Use the FOIL method. (3x + 1)(2x + 5) Check (3x + 1)(2x + 5) = 6x2 + 15x + 2x + 5 = 6x2 + 17x + 5

Partner Share! Example 2b Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 9x2 15x + 4 ( x + )( x + )
Factors of 9 Factors of 4 Outer + Inner 3 and 3 1 and 4 3(4) + 3(1) = 15 3 and 3 2 and 2 3(2) + 3(2) = 12 4 and 1 3(1) + 3(4)= 15 3 and 3
(3x 4)(3x 1)
Check (3x 4)(3x 1) = 9x2 3x 12x + 4 = 9x2 15x + 4

Partner Share! Example 2c
Factor each trinomial. Check your answer.
3x2 + 13x + 12
( x+ )( x+ )

Outer + Inner
1(12) + 3(1) = 15 1(6) + 3(2) = 12 1(4) + 3(3) = 13
(x + 3)(3x + 4)
Check (x + 3)(3x + 4) = 3x2 + 4x + 9x + 12 = 3x2 + 13x + 12
When c is negative, one factor of c will be positive and the other factor will be negative. Only some of the factors are shown in the examples, but you may need to check all of the possibilities.
When c is Negative Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 3n2 + 11n 4 ( n+ )( n+
Factors of 3 Factors of 4 1 and 3 1 and 4 1 and 3 2 and 2 4 and 1 1 and 3 4 and 1 1 and 3
Additional Example 3A: Factoring ax2 + bx + c
a = 3 and c = 4; ) Outer + Inner = 11.

Outer + Inner 1(4) + 3(1) = 1 1(2) + 3(2) = 4 1(1) + 3(4) = 11 1(1) + 3(4) = 11
Use the FOIL method. (n + 4)(3n 1) Check (n + 4)(3n 1) = 3n2 n + 12n 4 = 3n2 + 11n 4
When c is Negative Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 2x2 + 9x 18 a = 2 and c = 18; Outer + Inner = 9 . ( x + )( x+ )
Factors of 2 Factors of 18 Outer + Inner 1(1) + 2(18) = 35 1 and 2 18 and 1 1(2) + 2(9) = 16 1 and 2 9 and 2 6 and 3 1(3) + 2(6) = 9 1 and 2
Additional Example 3B: Factoring ax2 + bx + c
(x + 6)(2x 3)
Check (x + 6)(2x 3) = 2x2 3x + 12x 18 = 2x2 + 9x 18
When c is Negative Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 4x2 15x 4 ( x+ )( x+ )
Additional Example 3C: Factoring ax2 + bx + c
Outer + Inner 1(4) 1(4) = 0 1(2) 2(4) = 6 1(1) 4(4) = 15
(x 4)(4x + 1)
Check (x 4)(4x + 1) = 4x2 + x 16x 4 = 4x2 15x 4

6x2 + 7x 3 ( x+ )( x+ )
Factors of 6 Factors of 3 6 and 1 1 and 3 6 and 1 3 and 1 3 and 2 1 and 3 3 and 2 3 and 1 2 and 3 1 and 3 2 and 3 3 and 1

Outer + Inner 6(3) + 1(1) = 17 6(1) + 1(3) = 3 3(3) + 2(1) = 7 3(1) + 2(3) = 3 2(3) + 3(1) = 3 1(2) + 3(3) = 7
Use the FOIL method. (2x + 3)(3x 1) Check (2x + 3)(3x 1) = 6x2 2x + 9x 3 = 6x + 7x 3

Partner Share! Example 3b Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 4n2 n 3 ( n+ )( n+ ) a = 4 and c = 3; Outer + Inner = 1.
Factors of 4 Factors of 3 Outer + Inner 1 and 4 1(3) + 1(4) = 1 1 and 3 1(3) 1(4) = 1 1 and 4 1 and 3
(n 1) (4n + 3)
Check (n 1)(4n + 3) = 4n2 + 3n 4n 3 = 4n2 n 3
When the leading coefficient is negative, factor out 1 from each term before using other factoring methods.
Caution! When you factor out 1 in an early step, you must carry it through the rest of the steps and into the answer.

When a is Negative Factor 2x2 5x 3.
Additional Example 4: Factoring ax2 + bx + c
1(2x2 + 5x + 3)
1( x+ )( x+ )
Factor out 1. a = 2 and c = 3; Outer + Inner = 5

Outer + Inner 1(1) + 3(2) = 7 1(3) + 1(2) = 5
Factors of 2 Factors of 3 1 and 2 1 and 2 3 and 1 1 and 3
(x + 1)(2x + 3) 1(x + 1)(2x + 3)

6x2 17x 12 1(6x2 + 17x + 12) 1( x+ )( x+ ) Factor out 1.
a = 6 and c = 12; Outer + Inner = 17

Outer + Inner 2(3) + 3(4) = 18 2(4) + 3(3) = 17
Factors of 6 Factors of 12 2 and 3 2 and 3
4 and 3
3 and 4
(2x + 3)(3x + 4) 1(2x + 3)(3x + 4) Check 1(2x + 3)(3x + 4) = 6x2 8x 9x 12 = 6x2 17x 12

3x2 17x 10 1(3x2 + 17x + 10)
Partner Share! Example 4b Factor each trinomial. Check your answer.

Factor out 1. a = 3 and c = 10; Outer + Inner = 17)
Outer + Inner
1(5) + 3(2) = 11 1(2) + 3(5) =
1(
x+
)(
x+
Factors of 3 Factors of 10
1 and 3 1 and 3 2 and 5 5 and 2
17
(x + 5)(3x + 2) 1(x + 5)(3x + 2) Check 1(x + 5)(3x + 2) = 3x2 2x 15x 10 = 3x2 17x 10

Lesson Review!
Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 1. 5x2 + 17x + 6 2. 2x2 + 5x 12 3. 6x2 23x + 7
(5x + 2)(x + 3) (2x 3)(x + 4)

(3x 1)(2x 7)
4. 4x2 + 11x + 20 (x + 4)(4x + 5) 5. 2x2 + 7x 3 6. 8x2 + 27x + 9 (2x + 1)(x 3) (8x + 3)(x + 3)

7 Factoring Ax2+Bx+c

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8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Preview Warm Up California Standards Lesson Presentation

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

(3x + 2)(2x + 5) = 6x2 + 19x + 10

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Factor 6x2 + 11x + 4. Check your answer.

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Factor 6x2 + 11x + 4. Check your answer.

The factors of 6x2 + 11x + 4 are (3x + 4) and (2x + 1).

Check (3x + 4)(2x + 1) = 6x2 + 3x + 8x + 4

Use the FOIL method.

= 6x2 + 11x + 4 The product of the original trinomial.

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

(1x + 1)(6x + 3) = 6x2 + 9x + 3

(3x + 1)(2x + 3) = 6x2 + 11x + 3

integer factors of 3 for the constant terms.

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Partner Share! Example 1b

Factor each trinomial. Check your answer. 3x2 2x 8

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Sum of outer and inner products = b

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Sum of outer and inner products = b

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Additional Example 2A: Factoring ax2 + bx + c

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Additional Example 2B: Factoring ax2 + bx + c

a = 3 and c = 16, Outer + Inner = 16 .

1(16) + 3(1) = 19 1( 8) + 3(2) = 14 1( 4) + 3( 4)= 16

Use the FOIL method.

Check (x 4)(3x 4) = 3x2 4x 12x + 16 = 3x2 16x + 16

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

a = 6 and c = 5; Outer + Inner = 17.

Factors of 6 Factors of 5 1 and 5 1 and 6 1 and 5 2 and 3 1 and 5 3 and 2

Outer + Inner 1(5) + 6(1) = 11 2(5) + 3(1) = 13 3(5) + 2(1) = 17

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

a = 9 and c = 4; Outer + Inner = 15.

Use the FOIL method.

Check (3x 4)(3x 1) = 9x2 3x 12x + 4 = 9x2 15x + 4

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

a = 3 and c = 12; Outer + Inner = 13.

Factors of 3 Factors of 12 1 and 3 1 and 12 2 and 6 1 and 3 3 and 4 1 and 3

1(12) + 3(1) = 15 1(6) + 3(2) = 12 1(4) + 3(3) = 13

Use the FOIL method.

Check (x + 3)(3x + 4) = 3x2 + 4x + 9x + 12 = 3x2 + 13x + 12

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Additional Example 3A: Factoring ax2 + bx + c

a = 3 and c = 4; ) Outer + Inner = 11.

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Additional Example 3B: Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Use the FOIL method.

Check (x + 6)(2x 3) = 2x2 3x + 12x 18 = 2x2 + 9x 18

8-4 Factoring ax2 + bx + c

Additional Example 3C: Factoring ax2 + bx + c

a = 4 and c = 4; Outer + Inner = 15.