Common Test

3 SBQ Questions Inference Question Compare and Contrast Question 2 SEQ Questions (4marks and 6marks) Chapter 6 and Maria Hertogh Riots

WHAT
****SQUEEZE THE EVIDENCE FOR MEANING.**** Eg, What can you tell from this source? You will be required to answer in this format; Inference (Using your own words and using of the key words) (If they asked about Japanese soldiers, talk only about the Japanese soldiers) Support with evidence (Quote) Explain Link

Types of Questions
How similar (both similarities and differences) start with similarities first How different(both similarities and differences) start with difference first

Source-based Question Skill Comparing Sources

You should always have:

1. One difference and one similarity (comparing content; both supported by evidence in the source);

Practice Slides
Study Sources C and D. How different are Sources C and D? Explain your answer. [5m] Source C: A cartoon about the use of water torture on a man by the Kempeitai.

Practice Slides
Source D: A historians account of what life was like for the POWs during the Japanese Occupation.
Working parties of prisoners were formed and made to do long hours of manual work. For example, they were asked to clean up the city, bury dead bodies, restore water and electricity supplies. Large numbers of POWs were also sent to Thailand, where they were made to construct the Death Railway. These POWs had to work under extremely severe conditions. The men were given simple tools to fell huge trees and cut through rocks. They were made to work long hours and were not given enough food to eat.

Taken from Understanding Out Past. Singapore: from colony to Nation By Curriculum Planning and Development Division

Practice Slides
Difference:
Sources C and D are different on the type of punishment by Japanese during the Japanese Occupation. [Common criteria] Source C shows a man was brutally treated by Kempeitai (Japanese military police). Source C shows the POW being tied up by the Japanese and he was helpless when given the water torture. [Evidence] However, Source D talks about POWs being sent to Thailand as forced labour to construct the railroad linking Thailand to Burma. Source D says "Some were sent to Thailand where they were made to construct the death railway." [Evidence]

Practice Slides
Similarity: Both Sources C and D are similar about the cruelty of Japanese during the Japanese occupation. [Common criteria] Source C shows the Japanese Kempeitai was smiling when he was using water torture on the man [Evidence] and Source D says "They were made to work long hours and were not given enough food to eat." [Evidence]

Practice Slides
Question : In what ways are sources A and B similar in depicting the Maria Hertogh riots of 1950? Source A : Excerpt from an academic research paper From December 11 to 13 December 1950, Singapore witnessed one of its most intense outbreaks of mass violence. Europeans and Eurasians became the targets of Muslims (who were mostly Malays) and other opportunists. Coupled with the passivity of the Malay policemen who resented the unfair treatment of their co-religionists, the rioters engaged in widespread destruction public property, looting, murder and arson. Eighteen persons were killed, 173 others injured and close to 1,000 Muslims were arrested.

 Source B: Photo of the riots from a history textbook

 They are similar in depicting the negative impact of the Maria Hertogh riots. In Source A, it shows a vehicle that has been burnt as a result of the riots. It also shows the roads to be deserted because people are afraid to come out as result of the riots. In Source B, it shows the damage it has caused to people and properties. In the Source, it states that widespread destruction public property and Eighteen persons were killed. This implies that there was damage to lives and property.

 They are different in depicting if the policemen assisted in alleviating the situation during the Maria Hertogh Riots
Source A states that the policemen did not help while Source B shows that the policemen did help. In Source A, it states that passivity of the Malay policemen who resented the unfair treatment of their co-religionists In Source B, it shows that the policemen were helping to extinguish the fire with the usage of the fire hose.

Source Based Question 1

Key Word Sook Ching Operation. Evidences: The soldier was sweeping away the heads. There were a lot of Japanese flags There was the Keep Syonan Clean Campaign.

What can you infer?

Source Based Question 2

Key word: life during the Japanese Occupation Evidences: Regardless of whether you are a Chinese, Malay or Indian, they will beat you up or chop off your head if you do something wrong You did what the Japanese told you to and you were spared. The Japanese Imperial Army would conduct regular spotchecks at road blocks, in cinemas, and even work places and homes. What can you infer?

Source Based Question 3

Keyword: How different Evidences in Source C: The Japanese Soldier was seen smiling as he distributed rations over to the Malays. The Japanese Soldier proclaimed No problem, we are Asians too when the Malay thanked him. Evidences in Source D: The Sook Ching destroyed Japanese hopes of getting the local Chinese in Singapore to cooperate. they had been seen as saviours when they first entered What can you infer?

Source Based Question 4

Keyword: impact of the Maria Hertogh riots on the lives of the people. Evidences: Many dark streets were lit with burning of vehicles, mostly military-type and police trucks. Roads were blocked by the wreckage of burn-out vehicles and filled with broken bottles. All shops in the affected areas put up their shutters, and business stopped.

Public transport was *paralysed as it was impossible for buses to operate on streets blocked by rioters.
What can you infer?

Source Based Question 5

Keyword: impact of the Maria Hertogh riots on the economy of Singapore. Evidences: All shops in the affected areas put up their shutters, and business stopped. Looting was also reported in some places. Public transport was *paralysed as it was impossible for buses to operate on streets blocked by rioters. What can you infer?

Tackling The Structured Essay Question

Structured Essay Question

2 parts to a question: Part a (4 marks): List 4 factors Part b (6 marks): List + elaborate + Link 2 factors Common Test: 2 sets of questions.

Revision Package Q1
Explain the weaknesses of the British that resulted in the Japanese victory during the battle for Malaya and Singapore. [6m]

Answer to Q1
The British military looked down on the Japanese military which caused their military preparations to slacken even before the attack. The British military left too much valuable supplies behind for the Japanese military which enabled them to have resources to continue the battle. The British military had planes that were backward, causing them to have a weak airforce to guard the air space.

Answer to Q1
The British were too complacent and over-confident. They believed that Singapore was well-defended. They had underestimated the Japanese and made fatal assumptions about their strategies.

Answer to Q1
The British placed priority on the war in Europe. Because of their involvement in the war in Europe and North Africa, they could not afford to send more battleships and fighter planes to Singapore. The over-confident attitude of the British led to the lost to the Japanese

Answer to Question 1
The Japanese were resourceful and well-prepared for war. The Japanese Soldiers, who were willing to die for their emperor, were well trained in jungle warfare that enabled them to move swiftly down Malaya. The well-preparedness and the resourcefulness of the Japanese secured their victory.

Answer to Question 1
The Japanese had already set up intelligence services in Malaya and Singapore to gather information on British defence and readiness. The modern airforce and naval fleet that they possessed also helped them to gain victory against the British. The modern Japanese Zero Fighter Planes destroyed half of the outdated 130+ Brewster Buffaloes.

Revision Package 2: Describe 2 ways in which the Japanese used propaganda during the Japanese Occupation to cause locals to be loyal to Japan? [4m]

The Japanese used radio stations, Japanese movies and films to influence the minds of the locals and to remove the western influence. The local people were told that the Japanese are fighting for the independence of the local Asiatic population and that the Japanese are focused on driving the white man away from Asia. Furthermore the Japanese also made use of false truths and exaggerations so as to project the Japanese as true saviors of the Asian people.

Revision Package Question 3: How did the Japanese treat the different races? (Page 111)
The Japanese treated the Chinese harshly as they helped China during the Sino Japanese War. The Eurasians were also treated harshly and sent to build the Death Railway or sent to be Prisoners of Wars. The Malays and Indians were treated well and promised benefits if they were to adhere to Japanese rule. However, if they disrespected the Japanese, they would be punished as well.

Revision Package Question 4: Why did the Japanese treat the Chinese harshly during the Japanese Occupation?

The Chinese were regarded by the Japanese as a threat to their rule during the Japanese Occupation because Japan met with strong Chinese resistance including those outside of China when Japan invaded China in 1937. [1] The Chinese community in Singapore also contributed funds to the anti-Japanese war effort in China [1] and some even returned to China to join in the fight against the Japanese. [1]

Q5: Describe 2 problems encountered by the locals during post-war times under the BMA. [4 marks] [pg 120]

Locals experienced the problem of having a shortage of food and essential items. They lacked main sources of food like rice and sugar.

They experienced the shortage of housing and many lived in horribly overcrowded living conditions.

Quiz- Question 6
Evaluate 2 measures that the BMA put in place to solve their problems. [4 marks]

Answer to Question 7
For problem of food shortage By clearing the harbours. This allowed ships transporting foodstuffs to enter the ports. They also had to remove the shipwrecks and mines that had been laid in the sea by the Japanese. Docks were also repaired. Hence, by clearing up the harbours, ships that carried food supplies from other countries could easily reach Singapore. The food supplies can then be stored at the warehouses and sold to the local people.

Answer to Question 7
The BMA also decided to ration the amount of food given to each person to try and solve the problem of food shortage. People could only buy enough food for themselves and their family members. They were not allowed to buy too much food to store for themselves. Hence through the rationing, the British were able to effectively allocate food to the people. This prevented people from buying too much food. This ensured that there were no hoarding and that the people had enough food for survival.

Question 8
Name four ways that the Japanese used to punish the Prisoners of War.

Answer to Q8
Forced to march 22km from the Padang to Selarang Barracks. Imprisoned at prison camps such as Changi Prison. Some were sent on a death march to build the ThaiBurma railway (The railway of death)/used them as forced labour They were tortured (pulling off their nails/water treatment) They executed/shot those suspected of being antiJapanese

Question 9
What did the Japanese do to promote the Japanese spirit? List four methods

Answer to Question 9
Morning assembly at schools, government buildings companies. Mass drills Teachers and students had to learn Japanese

Controlled radio stations.

Only Japanese propaganda films/movies were shown in Cinemas.

How did the Japanese get rid of their enemies at the beginning of the Japanese Occupation?

The Kempeitai carried out the Sook Ching or the cleansing operation. Aim: remove anti-Japanese members within the Chinese community How were the prisoners of war being punished? Water treatment/sent to build death railway/pulling out of fingernails They had to march 22km from the Padang to Selarang Barracks and they were imprisoned at the Changi Prison (pg 109)

How did the Japanese get rid of their enemies at the beginning of the Japanese Occupation?

Process: All Chinese men aged 18 to 50 years old had to report to mass screening centres to be examined. Hooded informers were used to point out anti-Japanese elements. Those who passed the screening were given a piece of paper, or a chop, that read Examined in Chinese and allowed to go home. Those identified as anti-Japanese were taken away to Changi and other beaches and executed.

What was the impact of Sook Ching?

Over 5,000 Chinese were estimated to have been killed.

How do you think the people felt as they saw men taken away, never to return? What did the people think of the promises Japanese made when they conquered Singapore?

How was school like for a student during the Japanese Occupation? (Pg 114)
Students had to Sing the Japanese anthem, Kimigayo during morning assembly. Learn Japanese language & read Japanese books Learning Japanese etiquette: Learn how to bow properly Be a part of the Japanese militarist culture: go for morning exercises & mass drills Why do you think the Japanese made students do the above?

How did the Japanese represent themselves to the people? (pg 113-114)
They represented themselves using media: propaganda posters, films, radio broadcasts & movies. They controlled the media such as newspapers, radio, publications and film. How did this impact the lives of the people?

How did the Japanese represent themselves to the people? (pg 113-114)
They portrayed Japanese as powerful and the British as weak. They portrayed Japanese as kind people who genuinely cared for the locals. Do you think the people believed in Japanese propaganda? Why?

How did the Japanese make use of the Kempeitai to rule the people?
Kempeitai arrested, tortured & removed every person who were suspected to be anti-Japanese. Encouraged ordinary people to be informants. What was the impact of this on the lives of the people?

FEAR

MISTRUST

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