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    Political Institution

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    Allister Lloyd Ching
    Spain claimed authority over the Philippines based on their mission to spread Catholicism and trade for spices and wealth. The colonial system established Manila as the capital and governed through governors-general who oversaw provinces headed by alcalde mayors. Control was maintained through tributes collected by force if necessary and indigenous leaders like datus, gobernadorcillos, and cabeza de barangays were incorporated into the administration. However, the political and economic powers of the clergy, especially the ownership of large lands, caused tensions between church and state.

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    Political Institution

    Uploaded by

    Allister Lloyd Ching
    2K views16 pages
    Spain claimed authority over the Philippines based on their mission to spread Catholicism and trade for spices and wealth. The colonial system established Manila as the capital and governed through governors-general who oversaw provinces headed by alcalde mayors. Control was maintained through tributes collected by force if necessary and indigenous leaders like datus, gobernadorcillos, and cabeza de barangays were incorporated into the administration. However, the political and economic powers of the clergy, especially the ownership of large lands, caused tensions between church and state.

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    I would like to thank and acknowledge Prof. Aldrin Gueverra for making this PPT

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    Spain claimed authority over the Philippines based on their mission to spread Catholicism and trade for spices and wealth. The colonial system established Manila as the capital and governed through governors-general who oversaw provinces headed by alcalde mayors. Control was maintained through tributes collected by force if necessary and indigenous leaders like datus, gobernadorcillos, and cabeza de barangays were incorporated into the administration. However, the political and economic powers of the clergy, especially the ownership of large lands, caused tensions between church and state.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views16 pages

    Political Institution

    Uploaded by

    Allister Lloyd Ching
    Spain claimed authority over the Philippines based on their mission to spread Catholicism and trade for spices and wealth. The colonial system established Manila as the capital and governed through governors-general who oversaw provinces headed by alcalde mayors. Control was maintained through tributes collected by force if necessary and indigenous leaders like datus, gobernadorcillos, and cabeza de barangays were incorporated into the administration. However, the political and economic powers of the clergy, especially the ownership of large lands, caused tensions between church and state.

    Copyright:

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    of 16

    To set up trading post (Factoria), to

    bring to the inhabitants to those


    places our Holy Catholic Faith and
    to discover the return trip to this
    New Spain… through trade and
    barter and through other legitimate
    ways, which with a clear conscience
    should be carried on to bring back
    some spices and some of the
    wealth found in those places.
    WHAT RIGHT DID
    SPAIN HAVE TO
    RULE THE
    PHILIPPINES?
    At least in theory, it was clear
    how the Philippines should b
    ruled. An ideal colonial system
    had been drawn up. For one and
    all, there was a clear reminder of
    what, as Christians, they should
    do for the Philippines.
    Furthermore, a clear definition
    was also made of what consisted
    robbery of a helpless people.
    This is how the land is pacified. A captain with
    soldiers and interpreters goes to a settlement…
    they tell the people if they want to be friends
    with the Spaniards they must pay the tribute at
    once. If the people say yes, they stop to work
    out what ach man must give…. Sometimes the
    people refuse to give what is asked; then they
    sack the settlement… the natives say they do
    not want the friendship of the Spaniards or …
    build fortifications to defend themselves. Those
    who do this are killed or made prisoners, and
    their houses plundered and burned.
     Task of unifying into one faith and one
    government with Manila as the seat of
    government.
     Datus and barangays were preserved.
     Each barangay called gremio had 30 to 40

    to 100 families all listed in the padron or


    mapa de almas drawn by the parish priest.
     Colonization of the Philippines was through

    an encomienda.
    Governor-general – from the king through
    the Consejo de las Indias, governed
    through his sole spokesman and
    representative in the Philippines. He is the
    commander-in-chief of the army and navy,
    president of the Royal Audiencia (Supreme
    Court), vice-real patron – appoints
    ecclesiastical positions, supervise mission
    works.
    40,000 per annum in salary plus special
    privileges.
     Governor- gobernacion
     Controlled colonial treasury until 1784
     Extensive powers: judicial, financial,

    military, religious .
     He was the royal mouthpiece, acting for the

    king who was absolute lord of the entire


    Spanish world.
     He did not promulgate laws directly, it was

    an exclusive royal prerogative


     Called alcadia, provincia, encomienda,
    hukuman, later lalawigan headed by alcalde
    mayor for the pacified provinces and
    corregimientos or unpacified military zones
    (Mariveles, Mindoro, Panay) headed by
    thecorregidores.
     He exercise executive and judicial powers plus
    privileges in trade called indulto de comercio
    between 1571-1844.
     Judge, inspector, chief of police, tribute
    collector, vice-general patron and captain-
    general of the province.
     He is answerable to the gov-gen and royal
    audiencia.
     Annual salary of 300-2,000 before 1844.
     1,500-1,600 after 1847
     Indulto de comercio, money-lending.
     Estimated 50,000 per annum in 1840.
     Residencia – judicial review of the residenciado
    conducted at he end of his term of office
    supervised by juez de residencia. If found guily
    of public misconduct, heavy fines,
    sequestration of properties, imprisonment or
    combination of the three. It was abolished in
    1799.
     Visita/visitador – conducted by the visitador-
    general from Spain and might occur any time
    within the official’s term. It may be specific or
    general visit if found guilty; fined, dismissed
    and expelled or combination.
     Gobernadorcillo – “little governor” headed
    the pueblo or municipio. Any Filipino or
    Chinese mestizo, 25 years old, literate in
    oral or written Spanish, who had been a
    Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years could be a
    little governor. This was the highest position
    a Filipino could attain together with the
    parish priest.
     He is considered highly significant in his

    town.
     Preparation of the padron (tribute list)
     Recruitment and distribution of men for

    draft labor.
     Communal public work
     Quinto (military conscription)
     Postal
     Clerk
     Judge in civil suits involving cases 44.0 or

    less.
     Intervened in all administrative cases of he
    town: land, justice, finance, armed forces
     Yearly salary of 24.00 pesos
     The gobernadorcillo is asisted by 4 lower

    officials: Tenyente Mayor (town deputy),


    juez de politica (peace and order), Juez de
    Sementeras (lands and crops), Juez de
    Ganados (livestock and animals).
     Barrio government rested on the Cabeza de
    barangay
     Collect tax and contribution collection
     Tax exemption
     King Philip II conferred them the title “cabeza
    de barangay”
     Responsible for the peace and order in their
    own barrio
     Recruit polistas for communal work
     Knowledge in Spanish language, good moral
    and property ownership. Serve for 3 year term
     Serve for 25 years were exempted from polo.
     Political and economic powers of the clergy
    caused the disunity between church and
    state.
     Malolos Constitution of 1898.
     Anti-friar demonstration in Manila on March

    1, 1888 led by Doroteo Cortes.


     Article 218 – right to petition and assembly.
     Gobernadorcillos, principales and residents

    of Manila demanded the expulsion of friars


    in the Philippines.
     “but in effect rulers of municipalities; in fact
    the whole government of the islands rested
    on them”.
     Owned big lands: Dominicans, Augustinians

    and Recollects. See page 79


     Vow of poverty – reflect
     Jesuits and Franciscans

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