Channel Structure and Function

ZTE University

TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team

 Objectives

At the end of this course, you will be able to master:

 Classification of channels
 Structure and Function of channels
Content

Classification of channels
Structure and Function of channels
Physical layer procedure
 Classification of channels

Channel Type

UE
 Physical channel
Node B
RNC
 Transport channel
 Logical channel Logical channel

Transport channel

Physical channel
 Classification of channels

Concept of channel

RLC layer
Logical channel L2
MAC layer

Transport channel

PHY layer L1
Physical channel
 Classification of channels

Channel Type

 Logical channels:
 Describe what is transported (i.e., the types of

information to be transmitted)

 Transport channels:
 Describe how the logical channels are to be transmitted

 Physical channels:
 Represent the “transmission media” providing the platform

through which the information is actually transferred

 Classification of channels

Protocol stack of the Uu interface

GC Nt DC

Duplication avoidance

GC Nt DC
UuS boundary
C-plane signalling U-plane information

RRC control L3
control

control

control
control

Radio
Bearers

PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP

BMC
L2/BMC

RLC RLC L2/RLC

RLC RLC
RLC RLC
RLC RLC

Logical
Channels

MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
 Classification of channels

Logical Channels

Control Channel (CCH) Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Traffic Channel Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

(TCH)
Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)
 Classification of channels

Transport Channel

Common Transport Channels Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)
Random Access Channel (RACH)

Forward Access Channel (FACH)

Common Packet Channel (CPCH)

Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)

Dedicated Transport Channels Dedicated Channel (DCH)

 Classification of channels

Physical Channel

Uplink Physical Channels Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)

Downlink Physical Channels Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)

Page Indication Channel (PICH)

Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)

 Classification of channels

Mapping relationship

Uplink Downlink
DCCH DCCH
Logic CCCH DTCH PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH
DTCH
Channel

Transport
Channel RACH CPCH DCH PCH BCH FACH DSCH DCH
 Classification of channels

Mapping relationship

Transport Channels Physical Channels

DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
RACH Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
CPCH Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
BCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
FACH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
PCH
Synchronization Channel (SCH)
DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)
Page Indication Channel (PICH)
Content

Classification of channels
Structure and Function of channels
Physical layer procedure
 Structure and Function of channels

WCDMA frame structure

 Structure and Function of channels

Physical Channels(1)

 The physical channel is in a 3-layer structure by the time:

 Superframe

 One superframe lasts 720ms, and consists of 72 radio

frames.

 radio frame

 One radio frame has a period of 10ms, and comprises 15

timeslots with the same length. Corresponding to 38400
chips, it is a basic unit of the physical layer.

 Timeslot

 A timeslot is a unit composed of a bit domain, corresponding

to 2560 chips. The bit number and structure of a timeslot
depends on the specific type of the physical channel.
 Structure and Function of channels

Physical Channels(2)

 The frame structure of the physical channels is shown:

Ttimeslot= 2560 chip

Ts lot # 1Ts lot # 2 Tsl ot #I Tslo t #1 5

Tframe=10 ms

Fr ame # 0 Fra me #1 Fr ame # I Fr ame #7 1

Tsuperframe=720 ms
 Structure and Function of channels

Uplink physical channel

 2 UL Dedicated physical channel （ DPDCH and DPCCH ）

 2 UL Common physical channel （ PRACH and PCPCH ）

Dedicated physical
Control channel DPCCH
UL Dedicated physical
Dedicated physical DPDCH channel
data channel
Physical random PRACH
Access channel
UL Common physical
Physical common PCPCH channel
Packet channel
 Structure and Function of channels

Uplink Dedicated physical channel

 Structure and Function of channels

PRACH

 Physical Random Access Channel

 PRACH consists preamble part and message part

 Random access transmit 1or more 4096 chips length preambles and 10ms

or 20ms length message part.

Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part

4096 chips 10 ms (one radio frame)

Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part

4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

PRACH transmitted structure
 Structure and Function of channels

PRACH

 Physical Random Access Channel

 10ms message part is split into 15 timeslots, each timeslot consists of

2560chips.
 Each timeslot includes data part and control part. They are transmitted in

parallel .
 Data part :SF=32~256 , control part: SF=256.
Data
Data Ndata bits

Pilot TFCI
Control Npilot bits NTFCI bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits
(k=0..3)

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

Message part radio frameRACH

T = 10 ms
 Structure and Function of channels

Downlink physical channel

 DL physical channel include Dedicated physical channel 、 1 Shared

physical channel and five Common control channels.

SCH

CPICH

PICH

DL common physical AICH

channel
CCPCH

PDSCH

DPCH
 Structure and Function of channels

Downlink dedicated physical channel

Structure and Function of channels

CPICH
 Structure and Function of channels

CPICH
 There is 2 types of CPICH:P-CPICH and S-PICH
 P-CPICH:
 P-CPICH of different cell uses the same Cch,256,0 OVSF code to spread ,the bit rate
of P-CPICH is also fixed.
 The P-CPICH is scrambled by the primary scrambling code.
 There is one and only P-CPICH per cell.
 The P-CPICH is broadcast over the entire cell. it is used to search cell primary

scrambling code during cell selection procedure. And it is also used for
measurement and estimation during handover, cell selection and cell re-selection.
 S-CPICH:
 A arbitrary channelization code of SF=256 is used for the S-CPICH.
 A S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code.
 There may be 0,1 or several S-CPICH per cell.
 A S-CPICH may be transmitted over the entire cell or part of the cell. It is may be a
phase reference for a dl DPCH, but it is decided by high layer signalling.
Structure and Function of channels

P-CCPCH
 Structure and Function of channels

SCH (1)

 The Synchronization Channel (SCH) is a downlink signal used for cell

search.
 The SCH consists of two sub channels, the Primary and Secondary
SCH.
 The 10 ms radio frames of the Primary and Secondary SCH are
divided into 15 slots, each of length 2560 chips.

Structure of synchronization channel

 Structure and Function of channels

SCH (2)

 P-SCH
 The Primary SCH consists of a modulated code of length 256 chips. The
modulated code need not spreading and scrambling.
 The primary synchronization code (PSC) is transmitted once every slot

 The PSC is the same for every cell in the system.

 S-SCH
 The Secondary SCH consists of repeatedly transmitting a length 15
sequence of modulated codes of length 256 chips.
 the Secondary Synchronization Codes (SSC), transmitted in parallel with
the Primary SCH.
 Each SSC is chosen from a set of 16 different codes of length 256.

 This sequence on the Secondary SCH indicates which of the code groups
the cell's downlink scrambling code belongs to.
Structure and Function of channels

S-CCPCH
 Structure and Function of channels

PICH

 PICH carries PI （ Page Indication ）， SF=256 ， radio

frame=10ms ， consists 300bits ， 288 bits for paging indication ， 12
bits Tx Off 。
 PICH relates to S-CCPCH which mapping to PCH 。

12 bits (transmission
288 bits for paging indication off)

b0 b1 b287 b288 b299

One radio frame (10 ms)

PICH frame structure

Content

Classification of channels
Structure and Function of channels
Physical layer procedure
 Physical layer procedure

Cell search procedure (1)

 The cell search is typically carried out in three steps:

 Step1: Slot synchronization
 During the first step of the cell search procedure the UE uses the

SCH's primary synchronization code to acquire slot

synchronization to a cell.
 This is typically done with a single matched filter (or any similar

device) matched to the primary synchronization code which is

common to all cells. The slot timing of the cell can be obtained by
detecting peaks in the matched filter output.
 Physical layer procedure

Cell search procedure (2)

 Step2: Frame synchronization and code-group identification

 During the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the

SCH's secondary synchronization code to find frame synchronization

and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step.
 This is done by correlating the received signal with all possible

secondary synchronization code sequences, and identifying the

maximum correlation value. Since the cyclic shifts of the sequences
are unique the code group as well as the frame synchronization is
determined.
 Physical layer procedure

Cell search procedure (3)

 Step3: Scrambling-code identification

 During the third and last step of the cell search procedure, the UE

determines the exact primary scrambling code used by the found

cell.
 The primary scrambling code is typically identified through symbol-

by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the
code group identified in the second step.

 After the primary scrambling code has been identified, the

Primary CCPCH can be detected and the system- and cell
specific BCH information can be read.
 Physical layer procedure

Cell search procedure

 Physical layer procedure

Summary of the process

Synchronization
Channel Note
acquired
Primary SCH Chip, Slot, Symbol Synchronization 256 chips
Synchronization The same in all cells

15-code sequence of secondary synchronization

codes. There are 16 secondary synchronization
Frame Synchronization,
Secondary codes. There are 64 S-SCH sequences
Code Group
SCH corresponding to the 64 scrambling code groups
(one of 64)
256 chips, different for different cells and slot
intervals

Common Scrambling code (one of 8) To find the primary scrambling code from common
Pilot CH pilot CH

PCCPCH Synchronization, Fixed 30 kbps channel spreading factor 256

BCCH info
 Exercise

 pls write down the 3 type of channel. and describe their

category.
 One radio frame has a period of ( )ms, and comprises(
) timeslots with the same length.
 Corresponding to ( ) chips, it is a basic unit of the
physical layer.
 pls describe the main function of each physical channel.
 pls describe the cell search procedure.