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    Anti Infectives

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    May Evelyn
    The document summarizes several miscellaneous anti-infective drugs including clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin, linezolid, acyclovir, amantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, and ribavirin. It outlines their uses in treating various bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. It also describes common side effects, cautions, contraindications, and drug interactions for each one.

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    Anti Infectives

    Uploaded by

    May Evelyn
    85 views28 pages
    The document summarizes several miscellaneous anti-infective drugs including clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin, linezolid, acyclovir, amantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, and ribavirin. It outlines their uses in treating various bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. It also describes common side effects, cautions, contraindications, and drug interactions for each one.

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    The document summarizes several miscellaneous anti-infective drugs including clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin, linezolid, acyclovir, amantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, and ribavirin. It outlines their uses in treating various bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. It also describes common side effects, cautions, contraindications, and drug interactions for each one.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    85 views28 pages

    Anti Infectives

    Uploaded by

    May Evelyn
    The document summarizes several miscellaneous anti-infective drugs including clindamycin, metronidazole, vancomycin, linezolid, acyclovir, amantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, and ribavirin. It outlines their uses in treating various bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. It also describes common side effects, cautions, contraindications, and drug interactions for each one.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Miscellaneous Anti-Infective Drugs

    Clindamycin
    Used in the treament of: Serious respiratory tract infection Septicemia Osteomyelitis Infections of the female pelvis And for Pneumocytosis carinii pneumonia associated with AIDS.

    Side effects
    Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Colitis Rash, pruritus, fever and occasionally anaphylaxis Local effects

    Cautions
    History of GI, hepatic or renal disease Older adults Children Pregnancy and lactation (contraindicated)

    Metronidazole
    Antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent Effective against: Trichomonas vaginalis, amebiasis and giardiasis. Anaerobic bacterial infections Useful in treating: Crohns disease, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, rosacea and H. pylori infection.

    Side effects
    Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting Anorexia, metallic taste, xerostomia Headache, dizziness, ataxia Flushing, rash, urticaria Peripheral neuropathy (rare) and seizures Dark urine

    Contraindications/Precautions
    Avoid alcohol during and 48 hrs afer treatment History of blood dyscrasias Pregnancy and lactation Use in children CNS and hepatic disease

    Vancomycin
    Drug of choice for: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) gram-positive infections in penicillin-allergic patients some endocarditis

    Side effects
    Ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity with IV use Local effects Rash, anaphylaxis, vascular collapse Pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile (rare)

    Cautions
    Older adults Hearing impaired Renal impairement Pregnancy and lactation (contraindicated)

    Agents for VRE


    (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) Linezolid (Zyvox) First new antibiotic approved to target MRSA and VRE Indicated for gram-positive infections Treatment for bacterial pneumonia skin and skin infections Effective in treating diabetic foot infections

    Side effects
    Nausea, headache, diarrhea Myelosuppression Lactic acidosis Pseudomembranous colitis

    Contraindications
    Blood dyscrasias Cardiac disease, hypertension GI disease, hyperthyroidism Pregnancy, lactation, infants

    Interactions
    Beta-blockers Radiographic contrast media Antidepressants Migraine medications Sympathomimetics such as phenylphrine, pseudophedrine Foods and beverages with high tyramine content

    Antivirals

    Acyclovir
    Used in the treatment of: herpes simplex, herpes zoster (shingles) and varicella zoster (chicken pox).

    Side effects
    Lethargy, tremors, confusion and headache Rash, urticaria, pruritus and photosensitivity Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea

    contraindications
    Children, pregnant or nursing women Renal disease Dehydration Neurological abnormalities with high doses

    Patient Education
    Effective only with initial infection in relieving pain and shortening healing of lesions Report any side effects Take medicine as prescribed and do not share with others Store capsules at 15-25C Avoid sexual intercourse when genital herpes lesions are present

    Amantadine
    Used for the prophylaxis and symptomatic treatment of respiratory infections caused by influenza A virus strains Also used in the treatment of parkinsonian syndrome

    Side effects
    CNS symptoms Blushing mottling of the skin on legs, eczema anorexia, nausea, constipation and dry mouth Hypotension, edema, urinary retention, dyspnea Visual disturbances

    Contraindications
    Those with mental disorders Seizure disorders Cardiovascular disorders, hypotension Renal impairment or liver disease Older adults Pregnant or nursing women

    Neuraminidase inhibitors
    Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are indicated for the treatment of acute illness due to influenza types A and B. Oseltamivir is given orally and zanamivir via inhalation; both will shorten duration of illness if taken within 48 hrs of symptom onset.

    Side effects
    Oseltamivir causes: nausea, vomiting and diarrhea

    zanamivir causes: airway irritation and bronchospasm especially in patients with asthma and COPD

    Ribavirin
    Used via nasal and oral inhalation for the treatment of children with severe lower respiratory tract infections. It has also been used orally or parenterally in the treatment of other severe viral infections in adults. (e.g.Lassa fever,Hantavirus and hepatitis C)

    Side effects
    Respiratory complications Hypotension, cardiac arrest Anemia Rash, conjunctivitis

    Contraindication
    Pregnancy and lactation Older adults Patients with cardiac disease

    Interactions
    Antagonize antiviral action against HIV Cause lactic acidosis Cause hepatic failure

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