Gan, Ryan Elbert Z.

GSFLAED

This was a term coined by Dell Hymes. It is a term which refers to a language users grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology, and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately.

Cognitive / Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)

a language-related term which refers to formal academic learning used to discuss the language proficiency levels of students who are in the process of acquiring a new language

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS)

language skills needed to interact in social situations, primarily to contextbound, face-to-face communication.

Grammatical Competence

Sociolinguistic Competence

Four Components

Discourse Competence

Strategic Competence

Grammatical Competence

the ability to recognize and produce the distinctive grammatical structures of a language and to use them effectively in communication.

Discourse Competence

the ability we have to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterances.

Sociolinguistic Competence

the ability to interpret the social meaning of the choice of linguistic varieties and to use language with the appropriate social meaning for the communication situation.

Strategic Competence

the manner of manipulating language in order to meet communicative goals. used to compensate communication disruption caused by lack of communicative competence and to strengthen communicative effects.

Pragmatics

This is a subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning.

Phone Conversation
Stefanie: Hello.

Voice: Hi Stef, is your Mom there?

Stef: Just a minute. [cups the phone and yells: Mom! Phone!] Mom: [from upstairs] Im in the tub! Stef: [returning to the phone] She cant talk now. Wanna leave a message? Voice: Oh. [pause] Ill call back later. Thanks.

Language Functions

The acquisition of vocabulary, grammar, rules, discourse rules, and other organizational competencies results in nothing if the learner cannot use those forms for the functional purpose of transmitting and receiving thoughts, ideas, and feelings between speaker and listener.

A series of communicative acts or speech acts, which systematically to accomplish particular purpose. (John Austin)

Implication: Production & Comprehension----Communicative act purpose.

Awareness for second language learners:

1.What the purpose of a communicative act

2.How to achieve that purpose.

Michael Hallidays 7 Functions of Language

Instrumental Function: communicative acts that bring about a particular condition Regulatory Function: To control the behavior of others, to get them to do want we want to do Representational (informational) Function : To communicate information, to report facts of conclusions from facts Interactional Function: To establish and define social relationship Personal Function: To express individuality and personality Heuristic Function: To explore the environment, to acquire knowledge and understanding Imaginative Function: To create a word of ones own

A. Dont touch the stove. B. If you pass the exam, Ill buy you a phone. C. The world is round. D. The sun is hot. E. I like you, my friend. F. Where is he from? G. They lived happily ever.

Discourse Analysis

It is sometimes defined as the analysis of language beyond the sentence. Both the production and comprehension of language are a factor of our ability to perceive and process stretches of discourse, to formulate representations of meaning from not just a single sentence but referents in both previous and succeeding sentences.

Intersentential Relations

The surface structure of a sentence in the pragmatic context of total discourse, in conjunction with its prosodic features (stress, intonation) and its nonverbal features (gestures, eye contact) determine the actual interpretation of a single sentence.

Conversations

These are excellent examples of the interactive and interpersonal nature of communication. They are also said to be cooperative ventures. Stages are attention getting, topic nomination, topic development, and topic termination.

Conversations

These are excellent examples of the interactive and interpersonal nature of communication. They are also said to be cooperative ventures. Stages are attention getting, topic nomination, topic development, and topic termination.

Styles and Registers

A style is a variety of language used for a specific purpose. Registers are commonly identified by certain phonological variants, vocabulary, and other expressions that are associated to certain groups. The acquisition of both styles and registers thus combines a linguistic and culture-learning process.

Five Levels of Formality

a. b. c. d. e.

Oratorical or Frozen Deliberative or Formal Consultative Casual Intimate

Language and Gender

Another major factor affecting the acquisition of sociopragmatic competence in virtually every language as gender has an effect on both production and reception of language.

silent language
-- process of communicating through sending/receiving wordless messages. Convey: body language, gestures, eye contact, physical distance etc.

Kinesthetic Dimensions

Artifacts
Proxemics

Gestures Eye Contact Body Language

NVC

 Interpretation of body language: facial expression/gestures Movements may convey specific meanings KINESICS May be culture bound

Important nonverbal channels you have for communication and connecting with other people. "The cheapest, most effective way to connect with people is to look them into the eye._Nicholas Boothman EYE CONTACT Intercultural interference --->misunderstanding. Acceptable distances for communication Comfortable distances: depends on culture, social situation, gender and individual preferences. eg: public distance, social distance, personal distance, intimate PROXEMICS distance. Varies according to culture.

ARTIFACTS

Eg: clothing & ornamentation Signal a persons self esteem, socioeconomic class & general mood and personality character. Eg: jewelry, accessories

Related to the act of touching--> how & where Touching can be very personal, intimate style or extensive touching KINESTHETICS Knowing the limits is important for unambiguous communication.

Sensory system vary for different cultures Smell allows organisms with receptors to identify food, mates, sensual pleasure (flowers/perfumes) or warnings of danger (spoiled OLFACTORY food/chemical dangers. DIMENSIONS Natural human odors esp. perspiration is acceptable in some cultures.

Focuses on helping learners to communicate meaningfully in a target language.

Emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language.

How learners will be assessed? = How well learners have developed their communicative competence.

communication rather than structure Fluency & accuracy

Functional uses of language in different social settings

PRINCIPLES
Authentic texts Meaningful tasks

Purposeful interaction

Role play

Pair works

Interviews

Classroom activities
Information gap

Surveys

Games

What is TBI?

Taskbased Instruction
Example of activities

An approach that focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language.

Visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help

Types of Task

Target Tasks

Pedagogical Tasks

Uses of language in the world beyond the classroom

Uses of language that occur in the classroom

the tasks are likely to be familiar to the students Student- centered; allows for more meaningful communication students are free to use what grammar constructs and vocabulary they want

Advantages

Notional Functional Syllabuses

Notions

Abstract concept--existence, space, time; Situation--travel, health, shopping

To function as organizing elements of a foreign language curriculum. Grammar is attended to only in that it explains the various forms used to accomplish certain functions.

Topics
personal identification personal opinions hobbies/free time environment places and buildings

Functions
introducing oneself and other people, greeting people expressing opinions, helping others to express their ideas, interrupting a conversation , reporting what people say

expressing preferences / likes and dislikes expressing ability describing simple processes expressing purpose, cause and result and giving reasons asking for /giving information about places talking about food and ordering meals asking for and giving travel information, giving directions buying and selling things (costs and amounts), describing objects talking about the weather

food and drink

travel and holidays Shopping/clothes weather