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    Ipv6 - Addressing Scheme

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    pradeepagarwal62
    IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. This provides vastly more possible addresses. IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal with sections separated by colons. Address types include unicast, multicast, and anycast. Unicast includes unspecified, loopback, link-local, and globally unique addresses. Multicast is used for one-to-many communication instead of broadcasts.

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    Ipv6 - Addressing Scheme

    Uploaded by

    pradeepagarwal62
    102 views38 pages
    IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. This provides vastly more possible addresses. IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal with sections separated by colons. Address types include unicast, multicast, and anycast. Unicast includes unspecified, loopback, link-local, and globally unique addresses. Multicast is used for one-to-many communication instead of broadcasts.

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    presentation

    Original Title

    3. Ipv6_addressing Scheme

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. This provides vastly more possible addresses. IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal with sections separated by colons. Address types include unicast, multicast, and anycast. Unicast includes unspecified, loopback, link-local, and globally unique addresses. Multicast is used for one-to-many communication instead of broadcasts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    102 views38 pages

    Ipv6 - Addressing Scheme

    Uploaded by

    pradeepagarwal62
    IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. This provides vastly more possible addresses. IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal with sections separated by colons. Address types include unicast, multicast, and anycast. Unicast includes unspecified, loopback, link-local, and globally unique addresses. Multicast is used for one-to-many communication instead of broadcasts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 38

    IPv6 Addressing

    Agenda
    OSI & TCP/IP Model IPv4 Addressing IPv6 Addressing

    TCP/IP and OSI


    OSI is made of seven layers. TCP/IP protocol is made of five layers.
    APPLICATION PRESENTATION SESSION APPLICATION

    OSI Model

    TRANSPORT NETWORK DATA LINK PHYSICAL

    TRANSPORT NETWORK

    TCP/IP Model

    DATA LINK
    PHYSICAL

    Data Encapsulation
    Application Data

    TPT Layer

    TCP Header UDP Header

    Data Data

    TCP Segment

    UDP Message NW Layer IP Header TCP-UDP Data

    IP Datagram
    Data Link Frame Head IP Header TCP-UDP Frame Data Trailer

    TCP/IPv4 Protocol Suite..


    FTP SMTP TELNET HTTP

    TFTP NFS SNMP DNS

    T N D ICMP IGMP

    TCP

    UDP

    IP

    ARP

    RARP

    Protocols defined by the underlying networks P

    IP Header..
    Octet +0 Octet +1 Octet +2 Octet +3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

    VER

    HLEN

    TOS
    DM F F

    TOTAL LENGTH
    FRAGMENT OFFSET HEADER CHECKSUM

    IDENTIFICATION TIME TO LIVE PROTOCOL

    SOURCE ADDRESS OF HOST

    DESTINATION ADDRESS OF HOST

    OPTIONS

    PADDING

    ARP Operation
    Give me MAC address of 129.1.1.4 Here is my MAC address

    129.1.1.1

    129.1.1.4

    ARP Response Accepted

    Request Ignored

    Request Ignored
    129.1.1.3 08-00-5A-21-A7-22

    Thats Me
    08-00-10-99-AC-54

    129.1.1.2 08-00-39-00-2F-AB 08-00-39-00-2F-C3

    RARP Operation
    Give me my IP address RARP Response

    Diskless work station

    RARP Server

    08-00-39-00-2F-AB 223.1.2.1 08-00-39-00-2F-C3 223.1.2.2 223.1.2.3 08-00-10-99-AC-54 08-00-5A-21-A7-22

    IPv4 Header
    Version (4) Header Length (4)

    Priority & Type of Service (8) Flags (3)

    Total Length (16) Fragment offset (13) Header checksum (16) 20 Bytes

    Identification (16) Time to live (8) Protocol (8)

    Source IP Address (32) Destination IP Address (32)

    Removed

    Changed

    IPv6 Header
    Version (4)

    Traffic Class(8) Next Header(8)

    Flow Label(20)
    Hop Limit(8) 40

    Payload Length(16)

    Source IP Address (128)

    Bytes

    Destination IP Address (128)

    New

    Extension Header
    New way of doing options Added after the basic IPv6 header Daisy chained
    IPv6 Header Next Header = TCP IPv6 Header Next Header = Routing IPv6 Header Next Header = Routing
    8/6/2013

    TCP Header + Data

    Routing Header Next Header = TCP Routing Header Next Header = ESP

    TCP Header + Data

    ESP Header Next Header = TCP

    TCP Header + Data

    14

    Summary
    Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 headers shows a longer header, but less number of fields Header processing is simpler Options are handled by extension headers Routing header for source routing changes the destination address in the IP header

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    18

    IPv4 Addressing

    32 Bits Network Host

    8 Bits
    172 .

    8 Bits
    16

    8 Bits

    8 Bits

    . 122 . 204

    ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING

    19

    IPv4 Address Scheme


    Two types of addressing schemes for IPv4 Classful Classless Classful Original style of addressing based on first few bits of the address. Generally used in customer sites. Classless A new type of addressing that disregards the class bit of an address and applies a variable prefix (mask) to determine the network number.
    ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 20

    IPv4 Address classes


    Class-A: Class-B: Class-C: Class-D: Class-E: N N N For Multicast For Research H N N H H N H H H

    N=Network number assigned by IR. H=Host number assigned by network administrator.


    ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 21

    Identifying a class of address


    Address Identifier Network Address
    A B C D E

    Host Address

    0 7 bits Network Address 10 14 bits Network Address

    24 bits Host Address 16 bits Host Address

    110
    1110

    21 bits Network Address

    8 bits Host Address

    Multicast address (224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255)

    1111

    Reserved for future use


    ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 22

    IP Address Bit Patterns


    8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits

    Class-A: Class-B: Class-C: Class-D: Class-E:

    00000000 10000000 11000000 11100000 11110000

    01111111 10111111 11011111 11101111 11111111

    0-127 128-191 192-223 224-239 240-255


    23

    ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING

    Networks Vs Hosts

    In Classless environment we can have 232=4294967296 Hosts Class Networks Hosts/Network A 126 16777214 B 16384 65354 C 2097152 254

    ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING

    24

    Private Address Space


    IANA has reserved the following three blocks of the IP address space for private internets (RFC 1918):
    10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8 prefix)
    24-bit block Complete class-A network number

    172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12 prefix)


    172.0001/0000.0.0-172.0001/1111.255.255 20-bit block Set of 16 contiguous class-B network numbers

    192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16 prefix)


    16-bit block Set of 256 contiguous class-C network numbers
    ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 25

    IPv6 Addressing
    IPv6 addresses Format Unicast Multicast Anycast Required Node Addresses Address Selection Addressing Architecture

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    26

    Addresses
    IPv4 = 32 bits IPv6 = 128 bits
    This is not 4 times the number of addresses This is 4 times the number of bits ~3,4 * 1038 possible addressable nodes 1030 addresses per person on the planet Well, as with any numbering scheme, we will be using only a portion of the full address space

    8/6/2013

    27

    Address Format
    x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x Where x is a 16 bits hexadecimal field
    2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876

    Case insensitive
    2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:c1c0:abcd:0876

    Leading zeros in a field are optional:


    2001:0:1234:0:0:C1C0:ABCD:876

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    Address format
    Successive fields of 0 are represented as ::, but only once in an address:
    2001:0:1234::C1C0:ABCD:876 Not valid: 2001::1234::C1C0:ABCD:876

    Other examples:
    FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => FF02::1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => ::1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 => ::

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    29

    Addresses in URL
    In a URL, it is enclosed in brackets
    http://[2001:1:4F3A::206:AE14]:8080/index.html URL parsers have to be modified Cumbersome for users

    Mostly for diagnostic purposes Should use Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN)

    8/6/2013

    30

    Address Types
    Unicast
    Unspecified Loopback Scoped addresses:
    Link-local Site-local (Deprecated now) Unique-Local

    Aggregatable Global:

    Multicast
    Broadcast: none in IPv6

    Anycast
    31

    Unspecified
    Used as a placeholder when no address available
    Initial DHCP request Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)

    Like 0.0.0.0 in IPv4 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::

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    32

    Loopback
    Identifies self Localhost Like 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1 To find if your IPv6 stack works: Ping6 ::1

    8/6/2013

    33

    Link-Local
    Scoped address (new in IPv6) Scope = local link (i.e. VLAN, subnet)
    Can only be used between nodes of the same link Cannot be routed

    Automatically configured on each interface


    Uses the interface identifier (based on MAC address)

    Format:
    FE80:0:0:0:<interface identifier>

    Gives every node an IPv6 address to start communications

    8/6/2013

    34

    Site-Local( now ULA)


    Scoped address Scope = site (a network of links)
    Can only be used between nodes of the same site Cannot be routed outside the site (i.e. the Internet) Very similar to IPv4 private addresses

    Not configured by default

    8/6/2013

    35

    Unique local address


    ULA is an IPv6 address in the block fc00::/7 defined in RFC 4193. To be used for systems that are not connected to the Internet. Divided into two /8 address groups
    assigned and random valid /48 prefixes are derived

    8/6/2013

    36

    Aggregatable Global
    Generic use. Globally reachable. Allocated by IANA
    To Regional Registries Then to Tier-1 Providers
    Called Top-level Aggregator (TLA)

    Then to Intermediate Providers


    Called Next-level Aggregator (NLA)

    Then to sites Then to subnets

    8/6/2013

    37

    Aggregatable Global
    Structure:
    TLA RES NLAs SLA Interface ID

    48 bits

    16 bits

    64 bits

    128 bits as the total 48 bits prefix to the site 16 bits for the subnets in the site 64 bits for host part

    8/6/2013

    38

    Aggregatable Global
    Consists of the following (left to right):
    3 bits: 001 (10% of the total address space reserved) 13 bits for the TLA
    213 TLAs ~ 8K TLAs

    8 bits reserved 24 bits for the NLAs


    224 NLAs per TLA ~ 16M NLAs per TLA

    16 bits for the site subnets


    216 subnets per site = 65536 subnets

    64 bits for the interface identifier Total = 128 bits.

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    39

    Multicast
    Multicast = one-to-many No broadcast in IPv6. Multicast is used instead, mostly on local links Scoped addresses:
    Node, link, site, organisation, global No TTL as in IPv4

    Format:
    FF<flags><scope>::<multicast group>

    8/6/2013

    40

    Multicast assigned Addresses


    Some reserved multicast addresses:
    Address Scope Use

    FF01::1
    FF01::2 FF02::1 FF02::2

    Interface-local
    Interface-local Link-local Link-local

    All Nodes
    All Routers All Nodes All Routers

    FF05::2

    Site-local

    All Routers
    Solicited-Node

    FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx Link-local

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    41

    Anycast
    One-to-nearest: great for discovery functions Anycast addresses are indistinguishable from unicast addresses
    Allocated from the unicast addresses space Some anycast addresses are reserved for specific uses

    Few uses:
    Router-subnet MobileIPv6 home-agent discovery discussions for DNS discovery

    8/6/2013

    42

    Required Node Addresses


    Any IPv6 node should recognize the following addresses as identifying itself:
    Link-local address for each interface Assigned (manually or automatically) unicast/anycast addresses Loopback address All-nodes multicast address Solicited-node multicast address for each of its assigned unicast and anycast address Multicast address of all other groups to which the host belongs

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    43

    Thanks

    8/6/2013

    44

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