Workshop On Computer Hardware

IIHT WorkShop
on Computer Hardware
Introduction

Identifying Common Devices. After this session u will b able to Identify following Devices: KEYBOARD MOUSE FLOPPY DRIVE CD-ROM MOTHERBOARD PCI EXPANSION CARDS RAM MEMORY PROCESSORS
KEYBOARDS
Types of Keyboards
Types of Keyboards
There are 4 types of Keyboard : D5 D6 pin Connectors based Keyboards PS/2 based Keyboards USB based Keyboards Wireless or Cordless Keyboards
MOUSE
Types of MOUSE:
Serial
Port 9 pin based Scrolling/Simple Mouse PS/2 6 pin Based Scrolling Ball/Optical Mouse. Wireless/Cordless Mouse
Floppy Disk Drive

The invention of Hard Drives relegated floppy disks to the secondary roles of data transfers. The Floppy disk still persists, basically unchanged for over a decade. Its universality: the 3.5 inch 1.44 MB floppy is still present and still a useful device even after its made 10 years ago.
Floppy Disk Types and Specifications

Category Specification 360 KB 5.25 inch 2 1.2 MB 5.25 inch 2 720 KB 1.44 MB 2.88 3.5 inch 3.5 inch MB 3.5 in 2 2 2
Drive
Read/Write Heads (Data Surfaces)
Spindle Motor Speed Controller Minimum Controller Transfer Rate
300 RPM
360 RPM
300 RPM 250 Kbits/s
300 RPM 500 Kbits/s
300 RPM 1 Mbits /s
250 Kbits/s
500 Kbits/s
Compact Disc Read Only Memory a.k.a CDROM
The CD-ROM has opened up new computing doors that were never possible before, due to its high capacity and broad applicability. In many ways, the CD-ROM has replaced Floppy Disk Drives. CD-ROM drives play significant role in the following essential aspects of your computer: SOFTWARE SUPPORT PERFORMANCE
CD-ROM Drive Construction and Operation
Optical Head Assembly A beam of light energy emitted from an infrared laser diode and aimed toward a reflecting mirror. This mirror is part of head assembly, which moves linearly along the surface of the disk. The light reflects of mirror and thru a focusing lens A certain amount of light is reflected back from disk and sends it towards to photo detector. The photo detector transforms the light energy into electrical energy. The strength of the signal is dependent on how much light was reflected from disk.
Motherboard (Main Board)

The Motherboard is, in many ways, the most Important, Critical, Essential, component for your computer. Major components like the chipset, BIOS, cache etc are major components that Processor uses to control the rest of components.
Other Components:

ISA ( Industry Standard Architecture ) bus slots for plugging in older 8 and 16 bit add on cards. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus slots for plugging in newer and nowadays 32 bit Add on cards. Hard Drive Controllers connectors. Power Connectors. Parallel Port connector. Floppy Disk Controllers connectors. DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) sockets for adding memory. Configuration Jumpers for clearing CMOS Passwords, ISA Bus clock, Fail-Safe BIOS Settings. Pentium or AMD processor Socket connector.
ADD-ON Cards (a.k.a Expansion Cards)
Expansion cards Enhance your system by adding the following: Sound Card 16 bit (ISA) or 32 bit (PCI) EGA/VGA Card 16 bit (ISA) or 32 bit (PCI) or Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) TV Tuner Card 32 bit (PCI) SCSI Controller Card 16 bit (ISA) or 32 bit (PCI) Network Interface Card (LAN Card) 16 bit (ISA) or 32 bit (PCI)
SYSTEM MEMORY
The System Memory is the place where the computer store current instruction or programs and data that are currently in process. Memory plays a significant role in the following aspects: PERFORMANCE SOFTWARE SUPPORT RELIABILITY and STABILITY UPGRADIBILITY
ROM (Read only Memory)

On major type of memory that is used in PCs is called read-only memory, or ROM for short ROM is a non-volatile memory. The fact that ROM cannot modified easily.
Random Access Memory (RAM)

The kind of memory used for holding programs and data is executed is called Random Access Memory It differs from ROM in that it can be both read and written Its a Volatile Memory.
PROCESSORS
THE BRAIN & CENTRAL MANAGER OF YOUR PC. The Big Players of Processors are:
INTEL
AMD
Types of Processors:
PC
1st Generation
2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation 5th Generation
CPUs
8086 and 8088
80286 80386DX and SX 80486SX,DX,D X2,DX4 Pentium, Cyrix x86,AMD K5 Pentium MMX, Pro, AMD K6, Pentium II, AMD K6-2 AMD original ATHLON, Thunderbird, Pentium 4
Year
1978-81
1984 1987-88 1990-92 1993-97
Number of Transistors
29,000
134,000 275,000 1,200,000 3,100,000 3,500,000 5,500,0009,300,000 22,0000,000 42,000,000
6th Generation
1997-1998
7th Generation
1999 - 2001
END OF SESSION

Workshop On Computer Hardware

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IIHT WorkShop

Floppy Disk Drive

Floppy Disk Types and Specifications

Read/Write Heads (Data Surfaces)

Spindle Motor Speed Controller Minimum Controller Transfer Rate

300 RPM 250 Kbits/s

300 RPM 500 Kbits/s

300 RPM 1 Mbits /s

Compact Disc Read Only Memory a.k.a CDROM

CD-ROM Drive Construction and Operation

Motherboard (Main Board)

ADD-ON Cards (a.k.a Expansion Cards)

ROM (Read only Memory)

Random Access Memory (RAM)

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