Grapes Production Eswar

BOTANICAL NAME: Vitis vinifera Family: Vitaceae Origin: Armenia near caspian sea
The grape is one of the most delicious, refreshing and nourishing fruits. Grapes owing to their taste, nutrient content, composition and low calorific value are refreshing fruits. It is probably and obviously the largest produced fruit of the world. It is considered to be the fruit of the temperate region.
GRAPE
In India, almost all our produce is consumed
as a table fruit, while in European countries 99% of their produce is used for preparation of wines, raisins, fresh juice and jams etc. They are rich in sugar and particularly in hexose and are easily digestible. It is fairly a good source of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and iron and vitamins B1 and B2.The juice is mild laxative and acts as a stimulant to kidneys.
GRAPE WINES
In Andhra Pradesh, it is grown in the districts of

Mahbubnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Anantapur, Chittoor and Kurnool Districts in an area of 1676 ha with a production of 33, 520 tonnes.
CLIMATE Grape is a semi-arid sub tropical crop. It requires warm, and dry summer and cool winter. Humid weather is not congenial for sweetness causes cracking of fruits and encourages fungal diseases. Frost does great damage if it occurs during its growing period. It thrives well in reasons with a temperature range of 4.5 degrees c and 45 degree c.
FUNGUS AFFECTED GRAPE
SOILS: Light soils are ideal but they can grow
on any well drained soil which is the most important requisite for grapevine. Water table should be deeper than 2 meters. Compared to other horticultural crops grapevines are relatively tolerant to salinity and alkalinity but excessive lime is harmful.
VARITIES: The commercial varieties of grapes grown in India belong to vitis vinifera [European grapes], which is indigenous to mediterranean region. American grapes belong to vitis labrusca
Vitis rotundifolia
THE IMPORTANT COMMERCIALLY GROWN VARIETIES ARE: BANGALORE BLUE GULABI GRAPE
Angoor Kalan Shahi
Anab-e-
Arkachitra
Anab-E-Shahi
Queen of vine yard
Arka Kanchan
Late maturing and good quality
Commercial classification of grape varieties Depending on the use, the grape varieties may be classified in to 5 catagories . TABLE GRAPES : The grapes are used as fresh fruit. These grapes must be attractive, pleasing eating quality and shipping qualities. IMPORTANT VARIETIES: Pusa Seedless Fakhri Beauty Seedless Kandhari Early Muscat Kale-Sahebi etc.,
Pusa Seedless
Beauty Seedless
Early Muscat
Fakhri
RAISIN GRAPES: Seedless grapes possessing soft texture, pleasing flavour large or very small size after drying and a little tendency for become sticky during storage for safe keeping, the raisins should not have more than 17% moisture. IMPORTANT VARIETIES: Alexandria: BlackCorinth:
WINE GRAPES:
Two types of wines can be prepared from grapes i.e., 1.Table Wines: These are produced from grapes of moderately high sugar content and high acidity. 2.Desert Wines: These are produced from grapes having high sugar content and low acid content.
IMPORTANT VARIETIES: Gross Column
Red Prince
SWEET-JUICE GRAPES:
These grapes produce acceptable beverage when it is preserved by pasteurization, germ proof filltration or other means. The juice must able to retain fresh grape-flavour. IMPORTANT VARIETIES: Concord : Csaba:
PROPAGATION :
Grape can be propagated both by sexual and asexual methods. Hazards of sexual methods like poor germination and long period for germination etc., Asexual or vegetative propagation on the other hand has hihgh percentate of success and it ensures genetical purity. Vegetative propagation in grape is practiced through cuttings, grafting, layering and budding depending on the varieties used and the growing conditions. Preparation through hard
While Cuttings Thickness = 0.7-0.8 Cms., Internodal length = 8-10 Cms., Length = 25-30 Cms., Buds = 3-4 Prunings = From the October
SPACING :
The spacing that is given b/w the vines will depend on soil, climate and vigour of the varie method of training, pruning and cultivation processess. Region Training Spacing Bombay-Deccan Single Stake 2.5x2.5 Punjab-Haryana Kniffin 3x3 m Bangalore region Pendal 5x6 m Madurai region Bower 8x9 m Hyderabad region Overhead 5x9 m
Training Method
Single Stake
Kniffin
Pendal
Bower
TRAINING In the natural habitat, the grape vine is robust climber but it can be trained on any fashion. Head System: This is the cheapest and easiest method. The vines are trained like dwarf bus. Eg: Beauty seedless, Perlet, Delight & Gold Delight Gold
Pendal System :
This system is also known as Arbour, Pergola, Mandwa, Over head or Bower system. Owing to the vigorous growth of the vine and pronounced apical dominance in the tropics, this system is most suitable for many of the commercial grape cultivers. Eg: Anab-e-Shahi This is more Popular system in Andhra Pradesh. This is best suited for vigorous varieties , which dont perform well on other
Telephone System:
This system is suitable for moderately vigorous varieties with more apical dominance. The chief demerit of kniffin system where the lower arms are rendered unproductive, is modified in this system stretched at one height like telephone wires.
Kniffin System:
It is a system of training grape vine in which the arms of the vine are tied to horizontal wire at the same level above the ground. This system is not as common as Bower system. It is suitable for the moderately vigorokus klvarieties with less apical dominance. This system is suitable for Beauty seedless, Early Muscat, Bhokri and Delight.
PRUNING In grape pruning is done only once in North India during the month of January to make the fruitful buds to sprout but in South India, pruning is done twice in a year, once in summer and again in winter. Summer Pruning: Winter Pruning: 1. Done during 1. November in A.P & March-April in A.P & Maharastra. Karnataka. 2. December in Tamilnadu
Pruning in grapes Pruning for
Productivity
After Pruning
IRRIGATION Grape vine requires judicious irrigation for optimum growth and yield. During initial year of planting, vine may be irrigated frequently. Grape requires 6-8 irrigations after April pruning till the South Wesst monsoon begins. Vines are not irrigated from JuneOctober. 8-10 irrigations may be given at 710 days interval after October pruning till March. April before pruning is taken up. Vines should not pruned when the plants shows bleeding.
Irrigation in grapes
Microjet irrigation irrigation
Table grape
HARVESTING Grapes should be harvested when they are fuly ripe. The bunches are harvested with secature or scissors. Then the immature and rotten berries are removed with the help of scossors. Then they are packed in wooden or card board boxes or bamboo staked baskets. The paper strips are used to avoid damage to the berries.
Harvesting of grapes
YIELD
Banglore blue and

Pacha draksha Bhokri Anab-e-Shahi Bangalore blue -5000 kgs/ha -4500-9000 kgs/ha -1000-15000 kgs/ha -30,000 kgs/ha Grapes are long lived and may yield up to a century with a good care. But on a commercial scale they may be replaced after about 30 years with advantage.
YEILDING OF GRAPES

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BOTANICAL NAME: Vitis vinifera Family: Vitaceae Origin: Armenia near caspian sea

In India, almost all our produce is consumed

In Andhra Pradesh, it is grown in the districts of

FUNGUS AFFECTED GRAPE

SOILS: Light soils are ideal but they can grow

Angoor Kalan Shahi

Queen of vine yard

Late maturing and good quality

IMPORTANT VARIETIES: Gross Column

Pruning in grapes Pruning for

Microjet irrigation irrigation

Banglore blue and

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