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FLOPPY DISK DRIVE
Introduction
A floppy disk is a secondary storage device.
It is a means of storing data in a ring thin film of electromagnetic material housed inside a plastic cover.
The data available in a floppy disk can be read by using a Floppy Disk Drive
Floppy Drive Components

Motors Sensors Electronic circuit board Locking mechanism Read write head Power Connector Floppy Disk Controller Stepper Motor
It is used to move the media and bring the read/write head to the desired track.
Spindle Motor
It rotates the floppy disk when it is placed inside the FDD.
Sensors
It is used to identify if the floppy is write-protected, verifying if the read/write head is positioned at track0 etc. There are five sensors in a Floppy disk drive. 1. Disk Change Sensor - It perform only at the time of disk changing.
2. Track 0 Sensor
- It sense the head has . arrived to track zero.
3. Write Protect Sensor - It sense whether the disk has been write protected or not 4. Index Hole Sensor - It sense the arrival of the first sector in each track
5. Media Sensor
- It Sense to find the disk type.
Electronic Circuit Board It Control The Read And Write Operation. It has Two types: 1. Read logic Circuit 2. Write logic circuit Locking mechanism It present only available in the 51\4 floppy drive. It sense whether disk has been inserted or not Read write head It perform for the read and write operation
Read / Write Head FDD has two read/write heads capable of reading from both the sides of the media. The read/write head is used to convert the digital data into magnetic pulses and vise versa. Two tunnel erase heads are used to delete the magnetic data that is written outside the defined track.
Power Connector
The electronic components require

+5V. The mechanical components need +12V. FDD has four wires.
Pin # 1 2 3 Description +5 V Red Color Wire Ground Black Color Wire Ground Black Color Wire
+12 V Yellow Color Wire
Floppy Disk Controller
It is an interface between the processor and the floppy disk drive The multi function card contains the controllers for Floppy disk, hard disk, one parallel port, two serial ports and the joystick interface.
Interface Connector
The interface cable has 34 wires and it has five connectors.
When a floppy disk drive is connected after twist then it is Drive A and if it is connected before the twist then the drive is Dive B.
Structure of Floppy Disk

It is a thin Mylar film with electromagnetic material impregnated in them.
It can store data on either side.

It is organized into tracks and sectors.
Write Protect Notch If Write Protect Notch is present in the disk, the other users can only read the data present in the disk. To write protect a 3 floppy disk the notch on the bottom left corner should be opened.
Read/Write Head Slot
The shutter opens automatically when the disk inserted inside. The read write head of the drive comes in contact with the magnetic film.
Drive hub ring
The hub is present in the center of the disk. It is used to hold the disk at center on the drive shaft.
Density Notch
The density notch is present in the bottom opposite to the write protect notch. The density notch indicates if the floppy is a high density floppy one.
Classification of Floppy Disk

Characteristi 360 KB 720 KB 1.2 MB cs Size No. of Sides Spindle Motor Speed No. of Tracks No. of bytes / Sector No. of Sectors Density 5 inch 2 300 RPM 40 512 9 Double Density (DD) 3 inch 2 300 RPM 80 512 9 Double Density (DD) 5 inch 2 300 RPM 80 512 18 High Density (HD) 1.44 MB 3 inch 2 300 RPM 80 512 18 High Density (HD) 2.88 MB 3 inch 2 300 RPM 80 512 36 Extra High Density
The capacity of a floppy disk can be calculated as follows

Capacity= No. of tracks * No. of sectors/ track * No. of sides * Bytes stored in one sector No. of sides = 2 and Bytes stored in one sector = 512 Capacity = No. of tracks * No. of sectors / track * 2 * 512 For example if we consider 3.5 inch high density floppy Capacity = 80 * 18 * 2 * 512 Bytes = 80 * 36 * 1/2 KB (since 512 bytes =
Methods of Formatting:
1. Low Level Formatting It is the process of creating structures like the tracks and the sectors to store data in them.
2. High Level Formatting It is the process of creating file system, root directory and the File Allocation Table.
Floppy Disk Drive Troubleshooting Problem Solution
The floppy disk The interface cable or the power cable may drive LED be connected reverse always stays on Unable to boot with a System Disk Write Protect Error Change the Boot Sequence in the BIOS feature setup option in the CMOS to access Floppy Disk Drive (eg, Boot Sequence A,C,SCSI) Check for the Write protect notch in the floppy disk. If the notch is open then the disk is write protected. If the notch is closed then it is possible to write to the disk.\ Write Protect sensor may be bad Floppy Disk is bad or disk is dirty and needs to be cleaned.
Sector not found error

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FLOPPY DISK DRIVE

A floppy disk is a secondary storage device.

Floppy Drive Components

- It sense the head has . arrived to track zero.

- It Sense to find the disk type.

The electronic components require

+12 V Yellow Color Wire

Floppy Disk Controller

The interface cable has 34 wires and it has five connectors.

Structure of Floppy Disk

It can store data on either side.

Read/Write Head Slot

Drive hub ring

Classification of Floppy Disk

The capacity of a floppy disk can be calculated as follows

Floppy Disk Drive Troubleshooting Problem Solution

Sector not found error

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