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    Transport of Gametes and Fertilization

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    Darlene Fabul
    This document summarizes the transport of gametes and the process of fertilization. It describes how the egg travels from the ovary to the fallopian tubes where fertilization may occur within 72 hours of ovulation. Sperm are stored in the epididymis for 4-8 days and can reach the uterus within an hour of ejaculation. If fertilization is successful, the zygote divides and implants in the uterus, supported by hormones from the corpus luteum. If not, the unfertilized egg disintegrates.

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    Transport of Gametes and Fertilization

    Uploaded by

    Darlene Fabul
    202 views46 pages
    This document summarizes the transport of gametes and the process of fertilization. It describes how the egg travels from the ovary to the fallopian tubes where fertilization may occur within 72 hours of ovulation. Sperm are stored in the epididymis for 4-8 days and can reach the uterus within an hour of ejaculation. If fertilization is successful, the zygote divides and implants in the uterus, supported by hormones from the corpus luteum. If not, the unfertilized egg disintegrates.

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    Discussion on Transport of Gametes and Fertilization

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    This document summarizes the transport of gametes and the process of fertilization. It describes how the egg travels from the ovary to the fallopian tubes where fertilization may occur within 72 hours of ovulation. Sperm are stored in the epididymis for 4-8 days and can reach the uterus within an hour of ejaculation. If fertilization is successful, the zygote divides and implants in the uterus, supported by hormones from the corpus luteum. If not, the unfertilized egg disintegrates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    202 views46 pages

    Transport of Gametes and Fertilization

    Uploaded by

    Darlene Fabul
    This document summarizes the transport of gametes and the process of fertilization. It describes how the egg travels from the ovary to the fallopian tubes where fertilization may occur within 72 hours of ovulation. Sperm are stored in the epididymis for 4-8 days and can reach the uterus within an hour of ejaculation. If fertilization is successful, the zygote divides and implants in the uterus, supported by hormones from the corpus luteum. If not, the unfertilized egg disintegrates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 46

    TRANSPORT OF GAMETES AND FERTILIZATION ><((;)

    STIGMA apex of protrusion of follicle bulging from the surface of the ovary

    Summary of Events in the Egg Cell after LH surge from the Anterior Pituitary a. Increased vascular permeability b. Leak of plasma proteins into the tissues resulting in local edema; c. Secretion of hyaluronic acid by granulosa cells resulting in loosening of granulosa layers; d. Weakness of the outer follicular wall due to death of some overlying cells; e. Increased antral fluid pressure (about 5-6 mm of H2O)

    Structures observed in an ovulated egg a. the ovum b. the zona pellucida c. the corona radiata* (2 to 3 cell layers) d. sticky matrix containing surrounding cells of the cumulus oophorus

    Signs of Ovulation a. Mittelschmerz (German for middle pain) b. Slight rise in basal body temperature

    EGG TRANSPORT ><((;)

    Immotile Cilia Syndrome normally fertile

    Uterine Tube x-s

    Ectopic pregnancy usually occurs 99% of cases in the uterine tube. It can be found in 1. Ampullary (54%) 2. Isthmic (25%) 3. Fimbrial (17) 4. Interstitial (2%) 5. Ovarian (0.5%) 6. Cervical (0.3%) 7. Abdominal On Intestine (1.2%) 8. Abdominal On Rectouterine pouch (0.05%)

    INCREASED PROGESTERONE LEVELS

    AMPULLA

    ISTHMUS

    INTRAMURAL

    Tubal Transport 3 to 4 days regardless of whether fertilization occurs

    72 hours 8 hours

    If fertilization has not occurred, the egg degenerates and is phagocytized.

    SPERM TRANSPORT ><((;)

    Spermatozoa spend from 4 to 8 days in the epididymis

    Seminal Vesicles (60%) Fructose Prostaglandins

    Prostate Gland (30%) Citric acid Acid phosphatase Zinc Magnesium ions

    Volume of ejaculate 2 to 6 mL Number of spermatozoa 40 to 250 million pH 7.0 to 8.3

    2 Modes of Sperm Transport through the Cervix

    a. Fast Phase Some spermatozoa can reach the uterus within an hour of ejaculation (relies on muscular movements of the female reproductive tract) b. Slow Phase Involves swimming of spermatozoa through the cervical mucus Rate of travel = 2 to 3 mm/hr

    IM HERE!

    The Function of the Corpus Luteum of Ovulation, and Pregnancy ><((;)

    CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN protein hormone secreted by future placental tissues that help in maintaining functional conditions of corpus luteum.

    Corpus albicans

    Fertilization ><((;)

    Penetration of the Corona Radiata Attachment to and Penetration of the Zona Pellucida Acrosomal Reaction Binding to Plasma membrane and entry into the egg

    13 microns thick in humans

    Plasma membrane of the egg

    IMPORTANT ROLES OF THE ZONA PELLUCIDA 1. It serves as a barrier that normally allows only sperm of the same species to access the egg 2. After fertilization, the modified zona prevents polyspermy; 3. During the early stages of cleavage, it acts as a porous filter through which certain substances secreted by the uterine tube can reach the egg 4. It normally prevents premature implantation of the cleaving embryo into the wall of the uterine tube.

    13 microns thick in humans

    Plasma membrane of the egg

    Cortical granules

    SOME MAJORE MAMMALIAN ACROSOMAL ENZYMES Acid proteinase Acrosin Arylaminidase Arylsulfatase Collagenase Esterase -galactosidase -glucoronidase Hyaluronidase Neuraminidase Phospholipase C Proacrosin

    PREVENTION TO POLYSPERMY
    Slow Block to Polyspermy Cortical granules from egg release its contents to the perivitelline space then to the zona pellucida where sperm receptors are hydrolyzed

    Fast Block to Polyspermy Observed in organism that fertilize externally.

    IMPORTANCE OF FERTILIZATION 1. STIMULATES THE EGG TO COMPLETE SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION 2. RESTORES THE NORMAL DIPLOID NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES 3. DETERMINES THE SEX OF THE FUTURE EMBRYO 4. CAUSES METABOLIC ACTIVATION OF THE EGG, WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR CLEAVAGE AND SUBSEQUENT EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT TO OCCUR

    Probability of Fertilization

    Days relative to ovulation

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