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    Kuliah 3. Pengaturan Osmolalitas Urin

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    Annisa Damayanti
    1. The document discusses the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney that produces a hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitium, which allows for the concentration of urine. 2. Key aspects of this mechanism include the loops of Henle plunging deep into the medulla, establishing an osmotic gradient, and the vasa recta exchanging fluid in a countercurrent pattern to preserve this gradient. 3. This vertical osmotic gradient is then used by the collecting ducts in the presence of ADH to reabsorb water and concentrate the urine, allowing the kidneys to produce both dilute and concentrated urine as needed.

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    Kuliah 3. Pengaturan Osmolalitas Urin

    Uploaded by

    Annisa Damayanti
    239 views19 pages
    1. The document discusses the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney that produces a hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitium, which allows for the concentration of urine. 2. Key aspects of this mechanism include the loops of Henle plunging deep into the medulla, establishing an osmotic gradient, and the vasa recta exchanging fluid in a countercurrent pattern to preserve this gradient. 3. This vertical osmotic gradient is then used by the collecting ducts in the presence of ADH to reabsorb water and concentrate the urine, allowing the kidneys to produce both dilute and concentrated urine as needed.

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    1. The document discusses the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney that produces a hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitium, which allows for the concentration of urine. 2. Key aspects of this mechanism include the loops of Henle plunging deep into the medulla, establishing an osmotic gradient, and the vasa recta exchanging fluid in a countercurrent pattern to preserve this gradient. 3. This vertical osmotic gradient is then used by the collecting ducts in the presence of ADH to reabsorb water and concentrate the urine, allowing the kidneys to produce both dilute and concentrated urine as needed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    239 views19 pages

    Kuliah 3. Pengaturan Osmolalitas Urin

    Uploaded by

    Annisa Damayanti
    1. The document discusses the countercurrent mechanism in the kidney that produces a hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitium, which allows for the concentration of urine. 2. Key aspects of this mechanism include the loops of Henle plunging deep into the medulla, establishing an osmotic gradient, and the vasa recta exchanging fluid in a countercurrent pattern to preserve this gradient. 3. This vertical osmotic gradient is then used by the collecting ducts in the presence of ADH to reabsorb water and concentrate the urine, allowing the kidneys to produce both dilute and concentrated urine as needed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    PENGATURAN OSMOLALITAS URIN

    Rahmatina B. Herman Bagian Fisiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

    Regulation of ECF Osmolarity


    ECF osmolarity depends on the relative amount of H2O compare to solute The body fluids are isotonic at an osmolarity of 300 mosm/liter Vertical osmotic gradient is uniquely maintained in the interstitial fluid of medulla of each kidney Concentration of the interstitial fluid progressively increases from the cortical boundary down through the depth of the medulla until it reaches a maximum of 1200 mosm/liter at the junction of renal pelvis Known as the medullary countercurrent system

    Vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla

    Medullary Vertical Osmotic Gradient


    Is established by countercurrent multiplication Unique anatomic arrangements and complex functional interactions between the various nephron components in the renal medulla establish and use the vertical osmotic gradient Loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons the loops plunge through the entire depth of medulla so that the tip of the loop lies near the renal pelvis Vasa recta of juxtamedullary nephrons follow the same deep hairpin loop as the long loop of Henle

    Countercurrent Mechanism
    Countercurrent mechanism produces hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitium concentrated urine Basic requirements for forming a concentrated urine: - Distal tubule and collecting ducts impermeable to urea and water - High level of ADH increases permeability of distal tubules and collecting ducts to water avidly reabsorb water - High osmolarity of renal medullary interstitial fluid osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption to occur in the presence of high levels of ADH

    ..Countercurrent Mechanism
    Major factors that contribute to build up of solute concentration into renal medulla:
    1. Active transport of Na+ and co-transport of K +, Cl - and other ions out of thick limb into medullary interstitium 2. Active transport of ions from collecting ducts into medullary interstitium 3. Passive diffusion of large amounts of urea from inner medullary collecting ducts into medullary interstitium 4. Diffusion of only small amounts of water from medullary tubules into medullary interstitium, far less then reabsorption of solutes into medullary interstitium

    Tubule Characteristics Urine Concentration


    Segment of Tubules Thin descending limb Thin ascending limb Active NaCl Transport 0 0 Permeability H2O +++++ 0 NaCl + + Urea + +

    Thick ascending limb


    Distal tubule Cortical collecting tubule Inner medullary collecting tubule

    +++++
    + + +

    0
    + ADH + ADH + ADH

    0
    0 0 0

    0
    0 0 +++

    ..Countercurrent Mechanism

    ..Countercurrent Mechanism

    ..Countercurrent Mechanism

    ..Countercurrent Mechanism

    Benefits of Countercurrent Multiplication


    1. It establishes a vertical osmotic gradient in the medullary interstitial fluid. This gradient in turn is used by the collecting ducts to concentrate the tubular fluid so that a urine more concentrated than normal body fluids 2. The fact that the fluid is hypotonic as it enters the distal parts of the tubule enables the kidneys to excrete a urine more dilute than normal body fluids

    Role of Vasopressin (ADH)

    Countercurrent Exchange Within the Vasa Recta


    Countercurrent exchange in vasa recta does not establish the concentration gradient Because blood enters and leaves the medulla at the same osmolarity as a result of countercurrent exchange, the medullary tissue is nourished with blood, yet the incremental gradient of hypertonicity in the medulla is preserved So that, countercurrent exchange within vasa recta conserves the medullary vertical osmotic gradient

    ..Countercurrent Exchange Within the Vasa Recta

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