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    GSM Network and Services: Channel Coding - From Source Data To Radio Bursts

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    1) Channel coding is used in GSM networks to protect data transmitted over error-prone wireless channels. Techniques include block coding, convolutional coding, and interleaving. 2) Voice data is block coded into 260 bits, then convolutionally coded and interleaved across 8 bursts to distribute errors. Signaling messages use similar techniques with different parameters. 3) Interleaving distributes consecutive bits across radio bursts to counter burst errors, though it increases transmission delay. Voice has a 20ms delay while signaling can be up to 360ms.

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    GSM Network and Services: Channel Coding - From Source Data To Radio Bursts

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    42 views21 pages
    1) Channel coding is used in GSM networks to protect data transmitted over error-prone wireless channels. Techniques include block coding, convolutional coding, and interleaving. 2) Voice data is block coded into 260 bits, then convolutionally coded and interleaved across 8 bursts to distribute errors. Signaling messages use similar techniques with different parameters. 3) Interleaving distributes consecutive bits across radio bursts to counter burst errors, though it increases transmission delay. Voice has a 20ms delay while signaling can be up to 360ms.

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    Coding

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    1) Channel coding is used in GSM networks to protect data transmitted over error-prone wireless channels. Techniques include block coding, convolutional coding, and interleaving. 2) Voice data is block coded into 260 bits, then convolutionally coded and interleaved across 8 bursts to distribute errors. Signaling messages use similar techniques with different parameters. 3) Interleaving distributes consecutive bits across radio bursts to counter burst errors, though it increases transmission delay. Voice has a 20ms delay while signaling can be up to 360ms.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views21 pages

    GSM Network and Services: Channel Coding - From Source Data To Radio Bursts

    Uploaded by

    Hồ Thông
    1) Channel coding is used in GSM networks to protect data transmitted over error-prone wireless channels. Techniques include block coding, convolutional coding, and interleaving. 2) Voice data is block coded into 260 bits, then convolutionally coded and interleaved across 8 bursts to distribute errors. Signaling messages use similar techniques with different parameters. 3) Interleaving distributes consecutive bits across radio bursts to counter burst errors, though it increases transmission delay. Voice has a 20ms delay while signaling can be up to 360ms.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    GSM Network and Services

    Channel coding - from source data to radio bursts

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    Channel coding
    Wireless transmission of bits in a mobile environment is not very reliable. The bit error rate (BER) is typically 1/10 to 1/1000. This is a more than a factor 1000 worse than the Ethernet that we are used to. In order to create a reliable connection we need to be very careful and protect the data as much as possible. We can not rely on error detection and retransmission!
    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
    2

    Channel Coding
    Voice/Data/Signaling block coder

    convolutional coder

    interleaving coder

    radio burst
    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
    3

    Block coder - voice


    The voice coder results in 260 bits divided into 182 class I and 78 class II. The class I bits are divided into I-A of 50 bits and I-B of 132 bits. The I-A sequence is protected by a 3 bit CRC value. The resulting class I sequence is tailed with four zeros and passed to the convolutional coder. The class II bits are passed directly to the interleaving coder.

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    Block coder - signaling


    Most signaling messages are 184 bits long. These messages are protected by a 40 bit Fire code. The Fire code is used only for error detection. Other signaling messages: acces req: 8 bits protected by 6 bits CRC synch: 25 bits protected by 10 bits CRC All signaling messages are tailed with four zeros for the convolutional coder.
    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
    5

    Convolutional coder
    A convolutional coder will spread the information in a bit sequence so each information bit is encoded in several code bits. Each code bit holds partial information of a sequence of information bits. The rate of a convolutional coder describes how many code bits are produced per information bits.

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    Convolutional coder
    information bits 0101 1 0 1 011 000

    01011010 1101 00 1011 01011010 coded bits

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    Convolutional coder
    +

    + K is the memory of the coder and defines for how many coded bits an information bit is spread over. The rate r of the coder is the ratio of information bits per coding bits (typically 1/2 or 1/3)
    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
    8

    Convolutional coder
    Voice full rate (class I bits): K = 4, r = 1/2 Voice half rate (class I bits): K = 4, r = 1/3 Signaling: K = 4, r = 1/2 After the convolutional coder all messages are 456 bits except half rate voice, access request and synchronization. 456 bits would fit very nicely into four (114 bits) normal bursts but life is never that simple.

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    Interleaving
    Errors in a wireless links comes in burst. This is exactly the scenario that convolutional coders and CRC does not like. Interleaving is the process of distributing consecutive bits of a block into different sub blocks. If a sequence in one sub block is corrupted then these bits will not be consecutive in the original block.

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    10

    Block Interleaving
    original sequence

    interleaved sequence

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    11

    Diagonal Interleaving
    original sequence

    interleaved sequence

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    12

    Interleaving
    Pros: Burst of errors are distributed to single bit errors that the convolutional decoder can handle. The bit rate is not changed. Cons: Sending of messages is delayed with the interleaving depth. Important data will have a large depth and therefore a long delay.
    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
    13

    Interleaving of voice
    A voice block of 456 bits is diagonally interleaved over 8 sub blocks of 114 bits each. Every eight information bit goes into a separate sub block. The bits in a sub block are interleaved again in a burst interleaving. Each sub-block fits in to a normal burst.

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    14

    Voice interleaving

    intra burst interleaving

    burst 2x57 bits


    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
    15

    Voice interleaving delay


    sample 20 ms sample 20 ms

    radio frames 5ms5ms5ms5ms 5ms 5ms5ms5ms interleaving depth of 8 causes delay of another 20 ms.

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

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    Interleaving of signaling messages


    Most signaling messages have an interleaving depth of four and uses block interleaving. Access request and synchronization must be sent in one burst and are therefore not interleaved. FACCH have an interleaving depth of eight and are interleaved with the traffic channel.

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

    17

    Signaling interleaving

    One message requires four bursts.

    intra burst interleaving

    burst 2x57
    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
    18

    SACCH delay
    120 ms TTTTTTTTTTTTSTTTTTTTTTTT-

    360 ms
    S S S S

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

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    FACCH interleaving
    TCH FACCH TCH

    FT FT FT FT TF TF TF TF Two stealing flags are used to indicate if the upper or lower data segment have been stolen. burst interleaving B B B B B B B B

    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius

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    Channel Coding
    Voice/Data/Signaling block coder 78+189 bits voice or 228 bits signaling

    260 bits voice or 184 bits signaling

    convolutional coder
    456 bits interleaving coder 8 half blocks radio burst
    GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius
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