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    Substance Use Disorders

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    Abdul Nazar
    The document discusses substance use disorders and their characteristics, including dependence, substance abuse, and withdrawal. It describes the etiology of substance use from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. Specific substances that commonly cause dependence are discussed in depth, including their acute and long term effects as well as complications from use. The metabolism and treatment of alcohol is explained. [/SUMMARY]

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    Substance Use Disorders

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Nazar
    151 views28 pages
    The document discusses substance use disorders and their characteristics, including dependence, substance abuse, and withdrawal. It describes the etiology of substance use from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. Specific substances that commonly cause dependence are discussed in depth, including their acute and long term effects as well as complications from use. The metabolism and treatment of alcohol is explained. [/SUMMARY]

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    Disorders

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    The document discusses substance use disorders and their characteristics, including dependence, substance abuse, and withdrawal. It describes the etiology of substance use from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. Specific substances that commonly cause dependence are discussed in depth, including their acute and long term effects as well as complications from use. The metabolism and treatment of alcohol is explained. [/SUMMARY]

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    151 views28 pages

    Substance Use Disorders

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Nazar
    The document discusses substance use disorders and their characteristics, including dependence, substance abuse, and withdrawal. It describes the etiology of substance use from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. Specific substances that commonly cause dependence are discussed in depth, including their acute and long term effects as well as complications from use. The metabolism and treatment of alcohol is explained. [/SUMMARY]

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that substance use disorders can lead to dependence and abuse, and withdrawal symptoms may occur when stopping use. Dependence producing drugs include alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, inhalants and nicotine.

    The main types of substances that can lead to dependence are alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives, inhalants and nicotine.

    Some of the physical effects of cannabis use include dry mouth, nausea, headache, decreased coordination and increased appetite. Mental effects include anxiety, paranoia, confusion, anger, hallucinations and tiredness.

    Substance use disorders

    Dependence a cluster of behavioural, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and typically include: a strong desire to take the drug difficulties in controlling its use persisting in its use despite harmful consequences a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations increased tolerance physical withdrawal state.

    Substance Abuse

    A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home physically hazardous legal problems social or interpersonal problems

    Substance Withdrawal

    Characterized by a cluster of symptoms often specific to the drug used Develop on total or partial withdrawal of drug Usually after repeated or high dose use Relieved by further substance use.

    Dependent producing drugs

    Alcohol Opioids Cannabinoids Cocaine Amphetamine Sedatives Inhalants Nicotine

    Etiology-biological

    Genetic Psychiatric disorder Medical disorder Reinforcing effects Withdrawal and craving Biochemical factors

    Etiology-psychological

    Curiosity Poor impulse control Sensation seeking Low self esteem Stress management Escape from reality

    Etiology-social

    Peer pressure Modelling Ease of availability Permissive social attitudes Religious reasons

    Alcohol

    Blood level 25-100mg% 80 % 100-200 % 200-300 % 300-350 % 350-400 % >400 %

    Behaviour Excitement Legal limit for driving Slurred speech Dangerous Cold sweats Coma, breathing difficulty Death

    Acute Effects
    CNS Depressant Depression of inhibitory control Vasodilation, warm, flushed, reddish skin Emotional outbursts Decreased memory & concentration Poor judgment Decreased reflexes Decreased sexual response

    Withdrawal (hangover)

    Tremors Vomiting Insomnia Weakness Irritability Anxiety Seizure Hallucination Delirium

    "Binge" drinking means having 5 or more drinks on one occasion. "blackouts"--forgetting what you did while drinking

    Complications

    Medical problems:liver failure Peptic ulcer Pancreatitis malabsorption Psychiatric problems:delerium tremens Rum fits Alcoholic hallucinosis Pathological intoxication Blackouts Depression,delusional disorder

    Neurological problems:peripheral neuropathy wernickes encephalopathy Alcoholic dementia Cerebellar degeneration Headinjury and fractures

    Metabolism I
    H H H H OH
    ADH

    C
    H

    C
    H

    C
    H

    C =O
    H

    Ethanol

    Acetaldehyde

    (ADH Alcohol Dehydrogenase)

    Metabolism II
    H
    H C H C =O H
    ALDH

    H
    H C H C =O OH

    Acetaldehyde

    Acetate

    (ALDH Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase)

    Treatment

    Detoxification Behavioral therapy Group therapy Deterrent drugs Anticraving drugs Treatment of complications

    Opioids

    Morphine Brown sugar Codiene Heroin Spasmoproxyvon Cough syrups

    Complications

    Intoxication Withdrawal Parkinsonism,neuropathy AIDS,hepatitis,infections Legal issues

    Cannabinoids

    Derived from cannabis sativa Hashish/charas Ganja Bhang Hash oil

    Physical Effects of use: Dry mouth, nausea, headache, decreased coordination, increased heart rate, reduced muscle strength, increased appetite and eating Mental Effects of use: Anxiety, paranoia, confusion, anger, hallucinations, tiredness, possible suicidal thoughts

    Complications

    Psychiatric disorders Amotivational syndrome Cannabis psychosis Relapse of schizophrenia

    Sedatives

    Benzodiazepines(sleeping pills) Both physical and psychological dependence Withdrawal as anxiety,irritability,insomnia Treatment by gradual withdrawal in stepwise manner

    Inhalants-petrol,spray paints etc.

    Chemicals that are huffed or sniffed like paint thinners, gasoline, glue, butane lighters, propane tanks, aerosol sprays, nail polish remover, etc.

    Effects of Use: Slows down the bodys functioning, loss of body control, passing-out, permanent hearing loss, permanent muscle spasms and twitches, cancer, brain damage, bone damage, liver & kidney damage, heart failure and possible death.

    Hallucinogens

    LSD, Acid, PCP, Angel Dust, Mushrooms or Shrooms are all hallucinogens that alter the time, reality and environment around you. Long term effects can include flashbacks, schizophrenia and severe depression.

    Methamphetamine

    Meth, Speed or Chalk is taken by mouth, by snorting the powder, by needle injection, and by smoking. Effects of Use: Brain damage, confusion, anxiety, paranoia, anger, stroke, high body temperature, and convulsions which can lead to death.

    Nicotine
    Nicotine in a cigarette 8 to 10 mg Smoking delivers about 1 mg to the smoker Technique of smoker can increase nicotine (time smoke is in lungs, rapid puffing) Lung (nicotine enters brain in 7 seconds)

    withdrawal
    Restlessness Anxiety, hostility Irritability, impatience Difficulty concentrating Increased appetite (weight gain) Depression

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