Sun Rise-Set

Phase 1 Theoretical rising and setting of sun Visible rising and setting of sun Factors affecting sunrise and
and sunset Continuous sunlight.
Phase 2
Extraction of Sunrise & Sunset times - Air Almanac Corrections for Height of the Observer
THEORETICAL SUNRISE AND SUNSET

The theoretical sunrise or sunset is said to occur when the centre of the Sun is on the Celestial Horizon of the observer.
THEORETICAL SUNRISE
Celestial Horizon
THEORETICAL SUNSET
Celestial Horizon
THEORETICAL SUNRISE AND SUNSET

NCP Z H 90 Q H 90 NCP Z
C
SCP SCP
Altitude of sun is 0 & Zenith Distance 90
VISIBLE SUNRISE AND SUNSET
When the upper limb of the sun is on the visible
horizon, visible sunrise or visible sunset is said to occur. At visible s/r or s/s the body has a depression equal to atmospheric refraction + the Semi-diameter (SD) of the sun below the sensible horizon.
VISIBLE SUNRISE & SUNSET
Refraction
Sensible Horizon Visible Horizon
SUNS DEPRESSION
Refraction
Sensible Horizon
Semi-Diameter
Depression
Visible Horizon
DEPRESSION
At sunrise or sunset the upper limb of the sun is on the visible horizon, its depression below the celestial or sensible horizon is Depression = Atmospheric refraction at 0 alt + Semi diameter = 34 + 16 Depression = 50 Zenith distance = 90 50
The prediction of timings of sunrise and sunset tabulated in the Air Almanac are calculated using this value.
FACTORS AFFECTING
SUNRISE AND SUNSET.
FACTORS AFFECTING
SUNRISE AND SUNSET
Declination Latitude Longitude Height of the observer
VARIATION x DECLINATION
NCP
NCP
Dec- 20
EQ VH Dec- 10 VH Dec- Lat Contrary Name EQ Dec- d1
Dec- d2
Dec- Lat Same Name
VARIATION WITH DECLINATION

When the suns declination is of the same name to the observers latitude Sun rises early and sets later with increase in suns declination. When the suns declination is of the contrary name to the observers latitude Sun rises later and sets early with increase in suns declination.
VARIATION OF SUNRISE - LATITUDE

Dec & Lat - Same Name
NCP
Z2
Z1
Sun rises Earlier with increase in latitude
Suns Daily Path

EQ
VH 2
VH 1
Declination Same Name
VARIATION OF SUNSET - LATITUDE

Dec & Lat - Same Name
NCP
Z2
Z1
Sun sets Later with increase in latitude
Suns Daily Path

EQ
VH 2
VH 1
Declination Same Name
VARIATION OF SUNRISE - LATITUDE

Dec & Lat - Contrary Name
NCP
Z2
Z1
Sun rises Later with increase in latitude
EQ
Suns Daily Path

VH 2
VH 1
Declination Contrary Name
VARIATION OF SUNSET - LATITUDE

Dec & Lat - Contrary Name
NCP
Z2
Z1
Sun Sets Earlier with increase in latitude
EQ
Suns Daily Path

VH 2
VH 1
Declination Contrary Name
VARIATION WITH LATITUDE

When the sun is in the observers
hemisphere it rises earlier and sets later the increase in observers latitude. When sun is on the other hemisphere it rises later and sets earlier with increase in latitude.
VARIATION WITH LONGITUDE

For a given latitude and declination the local times of
sunset and sun rise for all meridians will be the same since the
relationship between times and that between hour angles are comparable.
LHA = GHA + LONG (E/W) and

LMT = GMT + LONG (E/W) converted in time.
Thus if the declination is constant on a given latitude the

local time of rising or setting at Greenwich (GMT) would be the same as the LMT of that at any other meridian
VARIATION WITH HEIGHT

For an Observer at a height Sun rises Earlier and sets Later
Horizon at sea level
Observer at 20,000 ft
Sunrise at sea level
Horizon at 20,000 ft
Sunrise at 20,000 ft
HEIGHT OF THE OBSERVER

With an increase of height the sun rises earlier and sets
later due to the change in the plane of the observers

horizon.
CONTINUOUS SUNLIGHT AND NO SUNLIGHT

At higher latitudes the sun may be above the horizon throughout the day. This is known as Continuous Sunlight. Similarly sun can also be below the horizon
and not visible throughout the day which is called

No Sunlight
Calculate the Sunrise for 33 20 N, 115 13E, on 01 Jan 1987. Page no A130; For 02 Jan. Time of sunrise for 35 N Time of sunrise for 30 N = 07 08 = 06 56
Sunrise for 33 20 N
= 0704 (LMT)
Calculate the Sunrise for 78 N, on 10 Mar 1987.
Page no A153;
Time of merpass = 12 10
The semi duration from graph

LMT of Sunrise Similarly LMT sunset
= 4:45
= 1210 - 4:45 = 0725 = 1655

Sun Rise-Set

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Sun Rise-Set

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Phase 1 Theoretical rising and setting of sun Visible rising and setting of sun Factors affecting sunrise and

and sunset Continuous sunlight.

THEORETICAL SUNRISE AND SUNSET

THEORETICAL SUNRISE AND SUNSET

Altitude of sun is 0 & Zenith Distance 90

VISIBLE SUNRISE AND SUNSET

When the upper limb of the sun is on the visible

VISIBLE SUNRISE & SUNSET

Sensible Horizon Visible Horizon

SUNRISE AND SUNSET.

SUNRISE AND SUNSET

Declination Latitude Longitude Height of the observer

Dec- Lat Same Name

VARIATION WITH DECLINATION

VARIATION OF SUNRISE - LATITUDE

Sun rises Earlier with increase in latitude

Suns Daily Path

Declination Same Name

VARIATION OF SUNSET - LATITUDE

Sun sets Later with increase in latitude

Suns Daily Path

Declination Same Name

VARIATION OF SUNRISE - LATITUDE

Sun rises Later with increase in latitude

Suns Daily Path

Declination Contrary Name

VARIATION OF SUNSET - LATITUDE

Sun Sets Earlier with increase in latitude

Suns Daily Path

Declination Contrary Name

VARIATION WITH LATITUDE

VARIATION WITH LONGITUDE

LHA = GHA + LONG (E/W) and

Thus if the declination is constant on a given latitude the

VARIATION WITH HEIGHT

Horizon at sea level

HEIGHT OF THE OBSERVER

later due to the change in the plane of the observers

CONTINUOUS SUNLIGHT AND NO SUNLIGHT

and not visible throughout the day which is called

Calculate the Sunrise for 78 N, on 10 Mar 1987.

The semi duration from graph

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