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    Blood Film

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    Deidra Ward
    A blood smear is a thin layer of blood on a microscope slide that is stained and examined under a microscope. It allows for rapid, low-cost evaluation of red blood cell morphology, identification of parasites or infections, and differential white blood cell counts. To make a blood smear, blood is placed on a slide and spread into a thin film using a second slide at a 30 degree angle, then air dried before staining. Proper technique and staining allows for evaluation of blood cells and diagnosis of conditions.

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    Blood Film

    Uploaded by

    Deidra Ward
    290 views20 pages
    A blood smear is a thin layer of blood on a microscope slide that is stained and examined under a microscope. It allows for rapid, low-cost evaluation of red blood cell morphology, identification of parasites or infections, and differential white blood cell counts. To make a blood smear, blood is placed on a slide and spread into a thin film using a second slide at a 30 degree angle, then air dried before staining. Proper technique and staining allows for evaluation of blood cells and diagnosis of conditions.

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    A blood smear is a thin layer of blood on a microscope slide that is stained and examined under a microscope. It allows for rapid, low-cost evaluation of red blood cell morphology, identification of parasites or infections, and differential white blood cell counts. To make a blood smear, blood is placed on a slide and spread into a thin film using a second slide at a 30 degree angle, then air dried before staining. Proper technique and staining allows for evaluation of blood cells and diagnosis of conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    290 views20 pages

    Blood Film

    Uploaded by

    Deidra Ward
    A blood smear is a thin layer of blood on a microscope slide that is stained and examined under a microscope. It allows for rapid, low-cost evaluation of red blood cell morphology, identification of parasites or infections, and differential white blood cell counts. To make a blood smear, blood is placed on a slide and spread into a thin film using a second slide at a 30 degree angle, then air dried before staining. Proper technique and staining allows for evaluation of blood cells and diagnosis of conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    A blood smear (blood film):

    is a glass microscope slide coated on one side with a thin layer of venous blood. The slide is stained with a dye, usually Wrights stain or leishman stain and examined under a microscope .

    Aim of blood smear


    Examination of thin blood films is important in the following states: investigation of anaemia, assessment of RBC and platelets morphology Identification of parasites ,infections and other conditions which produce changes in the appearance of blood cells differential count of leukocytes.

    A blood film report can provide rapidly , low cost and useful information about a patients condition.

    Making blood films


    Three basic steps to make blood film:
    1.

    Preparation of blood smear.

    2.
    3.

    Fixation of blood smear.


    Staining of blood smear.

    BLOOD SMEAR
    Specimen:
    Peripheral

    blood smear made from EDTA-anticoagulated blood.

    Smears should be made within 1 hour of blood collection from EDTA specimens stored at room temperature to avoid alteration of cell morphology
    Blood

    smears can also be made from finger stick blood directly onto slide.

    Equipment Clean slides Blood capillary tube or micropipette 10 L EDTA tubes Lancets and syringes . Cotton and alcohol (disinfectant) Leishman stain Normal saline

    Procedure:
    Fill a capillary tube three-quarter full with the anticoagulated specimen. 2. Place a drop of blood, about 2 mm in diameter approximately an inch from the frosted area of the slide. 3. Place the slide on a flat surface, and hold the narrow side of the non frosted edge between your left thumb and forefinger. 4. With your right hand, place the smooth clean edge of a second (spreader) slide on the specimen slide, just in front of the blood drop. 5. Hold the spreader slide at a 30 angle, and draw it back against the drop of blood.
    1.

    Procedure:
    6. Allow the blood to spread almost to the edges of the

    slide. 7. Push the spread forward with one light, smooth, and fluid motion. A thin film of blood in the shape of a bullet with a feathered edge will remain on the slide. 8. Label the frosted edge with patient name, ID# and date. 9. Allow the blood film to air-dry completely before staining. (Do not blow to dry. The moisture from your breath will cause RBC artifact.)

    Steps for Blood Film

    The shape of blood film

    Collection of Blood
    1.
    The second or third finger is usually selected and cleaned.

    4.
    Slide must always be grasped by its edges.

    2.
    Puncture at the side of the ball of the finger.

    5.
    Touch the drop of blood to the slide from below.

    3.
    Gently squeeze toward the puncture site.

    Preparing thin films


    1.
    Touch one drop of blood to a clean slide. . 2-hold the spreader at 30degree angle.

    3
    Pull the drop of blood across the first slide in one motion.

    4
    Wait to dry before fixing and staining.

    The thickness of the spread when pulling

    Is determined by:
    1.

    2. 3.

    The angle of the spreader slide. (the greater the angle, the thicker and shorter the smear). Size of the blood drop. Speed of spreading

    Leishman's stain
    1- Air dry slides . 2- Flood with Leishman's stain for three minutes. 3- Dilute the stain on the slide with an equal amount of buffered water, pH 6.8, adding the water slowly with a plastic Pasteur pipette and mixing by sucking the stain up and down with the pipette. 4- Leave the slide for approximately 7-10 minutes. 5- Wash off excess stain with slowly-running tap water. 6- flood slide for one minute with buffered water, pH ( 6.8). 7- Dry the slide .

    Characteristics of A Good Smear:


    1. Surface : even and uniform , free from ridges
    2. 3. 4. 5.

    ,waves and holes. Length : About 2.5 cm long , the blood smear should occupy the central portion of the slide. Margin: The blood smear should not touch the edges Film consist of three parts: head , body and tail . Tail end :will be gradually thin ,without any serrated ends .

    The shape of blood film

    Sources of error
    Irregular spread with ridges and long tail: Edge of

    spreader dirty or chipped; dusty slide

    Holes in film: Slide contaminated with fat or grease. Irregular leucocyte and platelet distribution, especially

    in tail: poor film-making technique Film too short and too thick: spreader held at incorrect angle
    Film extending to end of slide: blood drop too large Short thin film: blood drop too small Film extends to edge of slide: spreader too wide or not

    positioned correctly

    Cellular degenerative changes: delay in fixing, inadequate

    fixing time or methanol contaminated with water

    Examples of unacceptable smears

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