Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 781 views

    Psychology of Travel

    Uploaded by

    softnet20
    This document discusses the psychology of travel motivation. It explains that there are both push factors that influence why people want to travel, like escaping daily life, and pull factors that attract people to specific destinations. Motivation comes from internal factors like attitudes and personality as well as external forces from social and cultural environments. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is discussed as a theory for how physiological, safety, social and esteem needs drive travel motivations. Additional motivation theories include motivation by purpose related to physical, cultural, interpersonal and status needs. The optimal arousal theory also explains how travel seeks stimulation or tranquility not found in daily life.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Psychology of Travel

    Uploaded by

    softnet20
    781 views27 pages
    This document discusses the psychology of travel motivation. It explains that there are both push factors that influence why people want to travel, like escaping daily life, and pull factors that attract people to specific destinations. Motivation comes from internal factors like attitudes and personality as well as external forces from social and cultural environments. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is discussed as a theory for how physiological, safety, social and esteem needs drive travel motivations. Additional motivation theories include motivation by purpose related to physical, cultural, interpersonal and status needs. The optimal arousal theory also explains how travel seeks stimulation or tranquility not found in daily life.

    Original Description:

    Travel Notes

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the psychology of travel motivation. It explains that there are both push factors that influence why people want to travel, like escaping daily life, and pull factors that attract people to specific destinations. Motivation comes from internal factors like attitudes and personality as well as external forces from social and cultural environments. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is discussed as a theory for how physiological, safety, social and esteem needs drive travel motivations. Additional motivation theories include motivation by purpose related to physical, cultural, interpersonal and status needs. The optimal arousal theory also explains how travel seeks stimulation or tranquility not found in daily life.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    781 views27 pages

    Psychology of Travel

    Uploaded by

    softnet20
    This document discusses the psychology of travel motivation. It explains that there are both push factors that influence why people want to travel, like escaping daily life, and pull factors that attract people to specific destinations. Motivation comes from internal factors like attitudes and personality as well as external forces from social and cultural environments. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is discussed as a theory for how physiological, safety, social and esteem needs drive travel motivations. Additional motivation theories include motivation by purpose related to physical, cultural, interpersonal and status needs. The optimal arousal theory also explains how travel seeks stimulation or tranquility not found in daily life.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Psychology of Travel

    Why Travel?
    There are various reasons why an individual wants to travel
    escape relax/relief of tension family togetherness/interpersonal relations maintain social contacts wanderlust scenery

    Motive
    An internal factor that arouses, directs and integrates a persons behavior ~ Murray (1964)

    Can not be observed but must be inferred

    Motivation
    A force within an individual which causes them to do something to fulfill a biological need or psychological desire

    Motivating Factors
    PUSH FACTORS: influencing why the person wants to go (person-specific motivations)
    why go on holiday? Why choose a particular type of holiday

    PULL FACTORS: the attraction to a holiday choice (destination-specific attributes)


    these determine which destination is chosen

    Forces Influencing the Individual


    Internal
    Attitudes Values Perception Learning Personality Motives

    PUSH FACTORS

    Forces Influencing the Individual


    External
    Social and family roles Social class Environmental conditions Surrounding cultures Reference groups

    PULL FACTORS

    Tourists Learning Process


    Commercial Information Social Previous Vacation Purchase Same Vacation Similar Vacation

    Inclination

    Motives

    Criteria

    Alternatives

    Combined

    Needs within the individual that motivate the desire to travel, e.g:
    Maslows hierarchy of needs:
    Physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem, self-actualisatoin

    Motivation by purpose:
    Physical motivators; cultural motivators; interpersonal motivators; status & prestige motivators

    MASLOWS NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY

    Maslows message was simply this: people always have needs, and when one need is relatively fulfilled, others emerge in a predictable sequence to take its place.
    (Preponent need is most motivating)

    MASLOWS NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY


    (continued)

    Highest level
    Self-actualization

    needs (being everything one is capable of becoming) Esteem needs (Self-respect; self-confidence) Love needs (Social acceptance and affection) Safety needs (Protection from the elements) Physiological needs (Life-sustaining needs)

    Lowest level (Forms a pyramid of needs)

    Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory

    Source: Data for diagram drawn from A. H. Maslow, A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review, 50 (July 1943): 370-396.

    MASLOWS NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY


    (continued)

    For Discussion: Which level of needs primarily drives you at this point in your life? Explain.

    MOTIVATION BY PURPOSE
    People are motivated to do something because of the four major motivators:
    PHYSICAL MOTIVATORS CULTURAL MOTIVATORS INTERPERSONAL MOTIVATORS STATUS & PRESTIGE MOTIVATORS

    MOTIVATION BY PURPOSE
    PHYSICAL MOTIVATORS
    Related to
    physical rest sports participation beach recreation relaxing entertainment

    Directly connected to health

    MOTIVATION BY PURPOSE
    CULTURAL MOTIVATORS
    From the word culture
    religion music art folklore

    more for enrichment of knowledge of the other


    countries

    MOTIVATION BY PURPOSE
    INTERPERSONAL MOTIVATORS
    Meeting other people Visitin friends or relatives

    Escape from routines

    MOTIVATION BY PURPOSE
    STATUS & PRESTIGE MOTIVATORS
    Concerns
    ego needs personal development

    Trips related to
    business conventions study pursuit of hobbies and education

    MOTIVATION BY PURPOSE
    Motivation by purpose, e.g. Wickens (1994) in Chalkidiki peninsular, Greece:
    Cultural heritage tourists Ravers Shirley Valentines Heliolatrous Lord Byrons

    Motivation as influenced by pressures and forces from an individuals social and cultural environment, e.g.
    work: opposition/compensation theory & the extension model social influences: family, reference groups, social class, culture modern society: the perception that vacations are essential wellbeing - to escape the hectic pace of life: are we motivated more to escape than discover..?..

    Stereotypes: Destn & Tourist


    Negative, inaccurate oversimplifications lumping people into categories Fosters discrimination or defamation Tourist trap Tourist nicknames

    Optimal Arousal Theory


    Tourism is guided primarily by intrinsic motives and the need to escape stress, excessive stimulation, and the mundane Through travel, the tourist seeks the stimulation or the peace and tranquility they may not have at home or work

    Theme park
    Museum Art gallery Shopping complex Golf course

    excitement; risk & adventure; escapism; status (best white knuckle ride)
    learn something new; nostalgia; status if internationally famous aesthetic pleasure; relaxation; pursue a special interest in art; status if see world famous paintings

    escapism; search for a bargain; status if bought designer label product


    exercise; make new friends; status if it is a prestigious course (source: Swarbrooke & Horner, 1999: 61)

    The generalised typologies of motivation theory try to encompass complex & diverse motivations. It may be more useful to:
    measure motivation related to specific tourism offerings/potential offerings & destinations; look at the choice criteria governing decisions, rather than underlying motivations (which people might not know or be prepared to admit!)
    (Seaton, 1996: 72)

    Barriers to Travel (constraints)


    Cost Time Health Family Stage Lack of Interest Fear and Security

    ANY QUESTIONS?

    THANKS

    You might also like