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    Hypersensitivity Reaction/ Allergy

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    Charity Grace Magno
    Hypersensitivity or allergy is an excessive immune response to antigens that were previously encountered. It can lead to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis or asthma. There are five main types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I involves IgE antibodies and is responsible for allergic reactions; type II involves cytotoxic antibodies attacking cells; type III involves immune complex deposition in tissues; type IV involves T-cell mediated delayed reactions; and type V involves abnormal stimulation of organs by antibodies. Signs and symptoms as well as treatments vary depending on the type of hypersensitivity reaction.

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    Hypersensitivity Reaction/ Allergy

    Uploaded by

    Charity Grace Magno
    103 views23 pages
    Hypersensitivity or allergy is an excessive immune response to antigens that were previously encountered. It can lead to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis or asthma. There are five main types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I involves IgE antibodies and is responsible for allergic reactions; type II involves cytotoxic antibodies attacking cells; type III involves immune complex deposition in tissues; type IV involves T-cell mediated delayed reactions; and type V involves abnormal stimulation of organs by antibodies. Signs and symptoms as well as treatments vary depending on the type of hypersensitivity reaction.

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    Overview of the different types of Hypersensitivity Reaction

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    Hypersensitivity or allergy is an excessive immune response to antigens that were previously encountered. It can lead to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis or asthma. There are five main types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I involves IgE antibodies and is responsible for allergic reactions; type II involves cytotoxic antibodies attacking cells; type III involves immune complex deposition in tissues; type IV involves T-cell mediated delayed reactions; and type V involves abnormal stimulation of organs by antibodies. Signs and symptoms as well as treatments vary depending on the type of hypersensitivity reaction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    103 views23 pages

    Hypersensitivity Reaction/ Allergy

    Uploaded by

    Charity Grace Magno
    Hypersensitivity or allergy is an excessive immune response to antigens that were previously encountered. It can lead to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis or asthma. There are five main types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I involves IgE antibodies and is responsible for allergic reactions; type II involves cytotoxic antibodies attacking cells; type III involves immune complex deposition in tissues; type IV involves T-cell mediated delayed reactions; and type V involves abnormal stimulation of organs by antibodies. Signs and symptoms as well as treatments vary depending on the type of hypersensitivity reaction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    HYPERSENSITIVITY OR ALLERGY

    Is an increased or excessive response to the presence of an antigen ( foreign protein or allergen) to which the client has been previously exposed. Initial responses:
    Itching

    Watery

    eyes sneezing

    Leads to life-threatening conditions such as:


    Allegric

    asthma Anaphylaxis Bronchoconstriction or Circulatory collapse

    BASIC TYPES

    TYPE 1 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION

    Anaphylactic hypersensitivity ORGAN SPECIFIC The most severe form of hypersensitivity reaction The most severe immune-mediated reaction results from the increased production of the Ig E antibody class

    Signs and symptoms:


    ANAPHYLAXIS:
    Uneasiness
    Apprehension Weakness

    Impending

    doom

    ALLERGIC RHINITIS: Runny nose watery eyes Itching fever

    BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
    Dyspnea

    wheezing

    ATOPIC ECZEMA/ DERMATITIS


    Urticaria

    angioedema

    CLINICAL EXAMPLES

    Hay fever Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis

    TYPE II: CYTOTOXIC REACTIONS

    ORGAN SPECIFIC May affect variety of organs and tisssues Reaction time is 10 to 14 mins. Primarily mediated by antibodies of Ig M and Ig G classes and phagocyte as well as T cells

    Signs and symptoms

    Fever

    Nausea

    CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD Dyspnea headache tachypnea Cough chest tightness

    SEPSIS Fever

    nausea

    vomiting

    diarrhea

    Treatment

    Autologous transfusion

    CLINICAL EXAMPLES

    Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Good Pastures Syndrome Myasthenia Gravis

    TYPE III: IMMUNE MEDIATED HR

    NON-ORGAN SPECIFIC May be general (serum sickness), may involve individual organs including skin (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), kidneys (nephritis), lung (aspergillosis), blood vessels (polyarthritis), joints (arthralgia, athritis/ rheumatoid arthritis) Reaction may take 3-10 hours after exposure of the antigen Mediated by Ig G and Ig M

    Signs and symptoms:


    Urticaria
    Joint

    pain Fever Rash Adenopathy (swollen glands)

    Treatment

    -symptomatic treatment

    Antihistamines-

    for

    itching Aspirin- for athralgia Prednisone- for severe symptoms

    CLINICAL EXAMPLES

    Serum sickness Vasculitis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis

    TYPE IV : T- CELL MEDIATED HR

    ORGAN SPECIFIC Delayed Hypersensitivity reaction Mediated by T cells rather than antobodies Lesions are more papular

    CLINICAL EXAMPLES

    Poison ivy Graft rejection Positive TB skin tests Sarcoidosis

    TYPE V: STIMULATORY REACTIONS

    - B cell Mediated HR This type of reaction involves inappropriate type of hyperthyroidism, results from excessive output of thyroid hormones caused by abnormal stimulation of thyroid glands by circulating immunoglobulins.

    CLINICAL EXAMPLES

    Graves disease

    Signs and symptoms

    Exophthalmos Palpitations Abnormal increased pulse Pruritus perspiration

    Treatment

    Antithyroid agents Radioactive iodine surgery

    Diagnostic Evaluation

    Blood tests Smears of body secretions Skin tests Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) CBC differential Eosinophil count Total serum Ig E levels

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