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    Ratios and Proportions

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    Sonu Jindal
    Ratios and proportions allow us to compare quantities and solve problems involving relationships between quantities. A ratio compares two numbers and can be written in several forms, such as a:b. A proportion states that two ratios are equal, such as a/c = b/d. Properties of proportions, like the cross product property, allow us to solve for unknown quantities. Ratios and proportions can be used to solve word problems involving distances, costs, mixtures, and other relationships. Converting units and setting up proportions allows calculation of quantities like gallons of gas used and costs over time periods like weeks or months.

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    Ratios and Proportions

    Uploaded by

    Sonu Jindal
    154 views23 pages
    Ratios and proportions allow us to compare quantities and solve problems involving relationships between quantities. A ratio compares two numbers and can be written in several forms, such as a:b. A proportion states that two ratios are equal, such as a/c = b/d. Properties of proportions, like the cross product property, allow us to solve for unknown quantities. Ratios and proportions can be used to solve word problems involving distances, costs, mixtures, and other relationships. Converting units and setting up proportions allows calculation of quantities like gallons of gas used and costs over time periods like weeks or months.

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    Ratios and proportions allow us to compare quantities and solve problems involving relationships between quantities. A ratio compares two numbers and can be written in several forms, such as a:b. A proportion states that two ratios are equal, such as a/c = b/d. Properties of proportions, like the cross product property, allow us to solve for unknown quantities. Ratios and proportions can be used to solve word problems involving distances, costs, mixtures, and other relationships. Converting units and setting up proportions allows calculation of quantities like gallons of gas used and costs over time periods like weeks or months.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    154 views23 pages

    Ratios and Proportions

    Uploaded by

    Sonu Jindal
    Ratios and proportions allow us to compare quantities and solve problems involving relationships between quantities. A ratio compares two numbers and can be written in several forms, such as a:b. A proportion states that two ratios are equal, such as a/c = b/d. Properties of proportions, like the cross product property, allow us to solve for unknown quantities. Ratios and proportions can be used to solve word problems involving distances, costs, mixtures, and other relationships. Converting units and setting up proportions allows calculation of quantities like gallons of gas used and costs over time periods like weeks or months.

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    Ratios and Proportions

    Outline:
    Ratios!
    What is a Ratio? How to Use Ratios? How to Simplify? Proportions! What is a proportion? Properties of proportions? How to use proportions?

    Mysterious Problems

    What is a Ratio?
    A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. Ratios can be written in three different ways: a to b a:b

    a b

    Because a ratio is a fraction, b can not be zero

    Ratios are expressed in simplest form

    How to Use Ratios?


    The ratio of boys and girls in the class is 12 to11. This means, for every 12 boys The ratio of length and width of this rectangle is 4 to 1.
    What is the ratio if the rectangle is 8cm long and 2cm wide? Still 4 to 1, because for every 4cm, you can find 1cm to match you can find 11 girls to match. How many dogs 12 cats 11 There could be justand boys,do I have? We dont know, all we girls. know is if be 24 boys, fight, There couldtheyd start a22 each dog has to fight 2 cats. girls. 4cm There could be 120 boys, 110 1cm girlsa huge class

    . The ratio of cats and dogs at my home is 2 to 1

    How to simplify ratios?


    The ratios we saw on last slide were all simplified. How was it done? Ratios can be expressed a
    The ratio of boys and girls in the class is 12

    11
    The ratio of the rectangle is

    in fraction form

    a b

    4 1

    This allows us to do math on them.

    The ratio of cats and dogs in my house is 2

    How to simplify ratios?


    Now I tell you I have 12 cats and 6 dogs. Can you simplify the ratio of cats and dogs to 2 to 1?

    12 6

    12 / 6 = 2 = 1 6/6
    Divide both numerator and denominator by their Greatest Common Factor 6.

    How to simplify ratios?


    A persons arm is 80cm, he is 2m tall. Find the ratio of the length of his arm to his total height To compare them, we need to convert both numbers into the same unit either cm or m.

    Lets try cm first!

    arm height

    80cm 2m
    80 200

    80cm 200 cm

    Once we have the same units, we can simplify them.

    2 5

    How to simplify ratios?


    Lets try m now!

    arm height

    80cm 0.8m Once we have the same units, they simplify to 1. 2m 2m

    8 20

    To make both numbers integers, we multiplied both numerator and denominator by 10

    2 5

    How to simplify ratios?


    If the numerator and denominator do not have the same units it may be easier to convert to the smaller unit so we dont have to work with decimals
    3cm/12m = 3cm/1200cm = 1/400 2kg/15g = 2000g/15g = 400/3 5ft/70in = (5*12)in / 70 in = 60in/70in = 6/7 2g/8g = 1/4 Of course, if they are already in the same units, we dont have to worry about converting. Good deal

    More examples
    8 24
    40 200

    1 3
    1 5

    12 50

    6 25
    3 2

    27 = 18

    27 9

    3 1

    Now, on to proportions!
    What is a proportion?

    a c b d

    A proportion is an equation that equates two ratios

    The ratio of dogs and cats was 3/2 The ratio of dogs and cats now is 6/4=3/2

    So we have a proportion :

    3 6 2 4

    Properties of a proportion?

    3 6 2 4
    2x6=12

    Cross Product Property

    3x4 = 12

    3x4 = 2x6

    Properties of a proportion?
    Cross Product Property

    a c b d

    ad = bc
    means extremes

    Properties of a proportion?
    Lets make sense of the Cross Product Property For any numbers a, b, c, d:

    a c b d
    a d c b

    a c d d b d
    a d b bc b

    ad bc

    Properties of a proportion?
    Reciprocal Property

    If Then

    3 6 2 4

    2 4 3 6

    Can you see it? If yes, can you think of why it works?

    How about an example?


    7 x 2 6
    7(6) = 2x
    42 = 2x 21 = x
    Solve for x:

    Cross Product Property

    How about another example?


    7 12 2 x
    7x = 24 x = 24
    7
    Can you solve it using Reciprocal Property? If yes, would it be easier? Solve for x:

    7x = 2(12)

    Cross Product Property

    Can you solve this one?


    7 3 x 1 x
    7x = (x-1)3 7x = 3x 3 4x = -3
    3 x= 4
    Again, Reciprocal Property? Solve for x:

    Cross Product Property

    Now you know enough about properties, lets solve the Mysterious problems!
    If your car gets 30 miles/gallon, how many gallons of gas do you need to commute to school everyday?
    5 miles to home 5 miles to school Let x be the number gallons we need for a day:

    30miles (5 5)miles 1gal x _ gal


    x=
    1 3 Gal

    30 10 1 x

    Can you solve it from here?

    5 miles to home 5 miles to school

    So you use up 1/3 gallon a day. How many gallons would you use for a week?
    Let t be the number of gallons we need for a week:

    1 / 3 gal t _ gal 1day 5days


    What property is this?

    1/ 3 t 1 5

    1 t 3 5

    1(5) 3t

    5 t Gal 3

    So you use up 5/3 gallons a week (which is about 1.67 gallons). Consider if the price of gas is 3.69 dollars/gal, how much would it cost for a week?
    Let s be the sum of cost for a week:

    3.69 dollars s _ dollars 1gallon 1.67 gallons


    3.69(1.67) = 1s

    3.69 s 1 1.67
    s = 6.16 dollars

    5 miles to home 5 miles to school

    So what do you think?


    5 miles

    10 miles

    You pay about 6 bucks a week just to get to school! What about weekends? If you travel twice as much on weekends, say drive 10 miles to the Mall and 10 miles back, how many gallons do you need now? How much would it cost totally? How much would it cost for a month? Think proportionally! . . . Its all about proportions!

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