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    Toång Hôïp Höõu Cô & Hoùa Daàu: GV: Ñaøo Thò Kim Thoa Boä Moân CNCB Daàu Khí, Khoa CNHH, ÑH Baùch Khoa Tp. HCM

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    1. Methane can be converted through various processes to produce synthesis gas, which is an intermediate in producing basic chemicals like methanol, ammonia, and oxo-alcohols. 2. Ammonia is produced through a process involving steam reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas, and then catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia. 3. Methanol is produced by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas), with carbon dioxide sometimes added to adjust the ratio, as the ratio required is different than what is produced from natural gas.

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    Toång Hôïp Höõu Cô & Hoùa Daàu: GV: Ñaøo Thò Kim Thoa Boä Moân CNCB Daàu Khí, Khoa CNHH, ÑH Baùch Khoa Tp. HCM

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    viettiennguyen
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    1. Methane can be converted through various processes to produce synthesis gas, which is an intermediate in producing basic chemicals like methanol, ammonia, and oxo-alcohols. 2. Ammonia is produced through a process involving steam reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas, and then catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia. 3. Methanol is produced by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas), with carbon dioxide sometimes added to adjust the ratio, as the ratio required is different than what is produced from natural gas.

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    bai 3-C1

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    1. Methane can be converted through various processes to produce synthesis gas, which is an intermediate in producing basic chemicals like methanol, ammonia, and oxo-alcohols. 2. Ammonia is produced through a process involving steam reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas, and then catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia. 3. Methanol is produced by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas), with carbon dioxide sometimes added to adjust the ratio, as the ratio required is different than what is produced from natural gas.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    28 views20 pages

    Toång Hôïp Höõu Cô & Hoùa Daàu: GV: Ñaøo Thò Kim Thoa Boä Moân CNCB Daàu Khí, Khoa CNHH, ÑH Baùch Khoa Tp. HCM

    Uploaded by

    viettiennguyen
    1. Methane can be converted through various processes to produce synthesis gas, which is an intermediate in producing basic chemicals like methanol, ammonia, and oxo-alcohols. 2. Ammonia is produced through a process involving steam reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas, and then catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia. 3. Methanol is produced by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas), with carbon dioxide sometimes added to adjust the ratio, as the ratio required is different than what is produced from natural gas.

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    of 20

    TONG HP HU C & HOA DAU

    GV: AO TH KIM THOA Bo mon CNCB Dau kh, Khoa CNHH, H Bach Khoa Tp. HCM

    HOA HOC TREN C S METHANE

    methane

    kh tng hp

    NH3

    urea acid nitric hydrazine

    CH3OH

    formaldehyde acetic acid MTBE

    xng MTG
    Fischer Tropsch hydrocarbons

    Properties

    Methane is the major component of a natural gas, about 97% by volume. At room temperature and standard pressure,
    methane is a colorless, odorless gas; the smell characteristic of natural gas is an artificial safety measure caused by the addition of an odorant, often methanethiol or ethanethiol. Methane has a boiling point of 182.6C at a pressure of one

    atmosphere. As a gas it is flammable only over a narrow range of concentrations (515%) in air. Liquid methane does
    not burn unless subjected to high pressure (normally 4-5 atmospheres.)

    Potential health effects Methane is not toxic; however, it is highly flammable and may form explosive mixtures with air. Methane is violently

    reactive with oxidizers, halogens, and some halogen-containing compounds. Methane is also an asphyxiant and may
    displace oxygen in an enclosed space. Asphyxia may result if the oxygen concentration is reduced to below 19.5% by displacement. The concentrations at which flammable or explosive mixtures form are much lower than the concentration

    at which asphyxiation risk is significant. When structures are built on or near landfills, methane off-gas can penetrate the
    buildings' interiors and expose occupants to significant levels of methane. Some buildings have specially engineered recovery systems below their basements to actively capture such fugitive off-gas and vent it away from the building. An example of this type of system is in the Dakin Building, Brisbane, California.

    II. Kh tng hp:


    CH4 + H2O CO + 3 H2

    Kh thien nhien Cac phan an dau tho

    Ng.liu nh
    Mt sn phm trung gian quan trng

    Steam reforming
    -CH2 - + H2O CO + 2 H2

    Cac phan oan dau tho

    Ng.liu nng

    Oxy hoa khong hoan toan

    Kh tng hp

    Than a

    Kh hoa

    Synthesis gas (syngas) is produced from methane (natural gas) as an intermediate step in the production of basic chemicals like methanol, ammonia, and oxo-alcohols. CO2 is produced in the syngas reaction and must be removed before further catalytic conversion of CO and H2 can proceed toward the desired chemical. Depending on which basic chemical is to be produced, the H2/CO syngas ratio may need to be adjusted. UOP can provide
    pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or hydrogen membrane systems as packaged equipment to meet this need.

    Steam reforming
    Ni, 700 - 800 oC, 30 50 atm

    CH4

    naphtha
    CH4

    H 2O

    CO

    H2

    naphtha

    H 2O

    CO2

    H2

    To, P cao: TBP bang kim loai

    Oxy hoa khong hoan toan:


    T (1200 1500oC), P (30- 80 bar)

    CH4 + O2

    CO + 2 H2

    Khac vi steam reforming: khong co xuc tac

    nhiet cung cap t phan ng chay (in-situ)

    Thanh phan kh tong hp (%V)


    H2 CO CO2

    Steam reforming
    Oxy hoa khong hoan toan

    75
    50

    15
    45

    10
    5

    100
    100

    Phan ng Water Gas Shift

    Phan ng Water Gas Shift nhiet o cao: Fe3O4 - Cr2O3 350 400oC
    Hi nhieu e ngan qua trnh kh Fe3O4 thanh Fe (xuc tac cho s hnh thanh C t CO) Phan ng nhanh nhng can bang cha 3% mol CO Neu muon 100% CO chuyen hoa, can thiet b II nhiet o thap

    Phan ng Water Gas Shift nhiet o thap: CuO ZnO , 190 - 260oC Hon hp can bang cha 0.1% mol CO CuO: thanh phan hoat ong ZnO: chat mang, bao ve Cu khoi qua trnh au oc cua hp chat S hap phu

    Hydrogen Recovery Equipment

    III. Amonia:

    Ammonia Tanker

    Kh TN
    CH4 + H2O 2 CO + 3 H2 Air CH4 + 0.5 (O2 + 3.76 N2) CO + 2H2 + 1.88 N2

    Steam reforming

    Partial oxydation

    WGSR
    NH3
    Fe, 800 oF, 4000 psi N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3

    CO + H2O 3H2 + CO 4H2 + CO2

    CO2 + H2 methanation CH4 + H2O CH4 + 2H2O CO2 removal

    NH3 synthesis

    H2 + N2

    NHA MAY AM PHU MY Cong ty phan am va hoa chat dau kh quan ly Toa lac tai khu cong nghiep Phu My I, BaRa Vung Tau

    Van hanh ngay 03 - 09 2004, s dung cong nghe tien tien nhat cua Haldor Topsoe (an Mch) v Snamprogetti (Italy).
    Von au t 445 trieu USD, cha ay 10 thang hoat ong, nha may a san xuat 350.000 tan urea, hn 150.000 tan NH3 long, doanh thu at 1900 ty ong. ay la nha may au tien ti Vit Nam s dng ngun kh ng hanh m Bch H, kh thien nhien t bn trng Nam Cn Sn va cac be khac tren thm lc a Vit Nam sn xut urea phc v sn xut nong nghip

    1. Urea: 2NH3 + CO2 NH2 -C - O - NH4 O NH2 -C - O - NH4 O

    ng dung: phan bon

    NH2 - C - NH2 + H2O O ng dung: phan bon, thuoc no 4 NO + 6 H2O 2 NO2 2 HNO3 + NO

    2. Acid nitric:
    4 NH3 + 5 O2 2 NO + O2 3 NO2 + H2O

    3. Hydrazine: 2 NH3 + H2O2 NH2 NH2 + 2 H 2O

    ng dung: nhien lieu rocket, dcpham, phan bon

    IV. Methanol:

    CO +
    CO2 +

    2 H2
    3 H2

    CH3OH
    CH3OH + H2O

    ICI: P thap (50 atm), xuc tac Cu base, T: 240oC


    ng dung: chat trung gian, thanh phan pha xang

    Methanol is produced by the catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas). Because the ratio of CO:H2 in synthesis gas from natural gas is approximately 1:3, and the stoichiometric ratio required for methanol synthesis is 1:2, carbon dioxide is added to reduce the surplus hydrogen. An energy - efficient alternative to adjusting the CO:H2 ratio is to combine the steam reforming process with autothermal reforming (combined reforming) so that the amount of natural gas fed is that required to produce a synthesis gas with a stoichiometric ratio of approximately 1:2.05.

    air

    Natural gas

    desulfurization Air separation Steam reforming oxygene Methanol

    Autothermal reforming

    Methanol distillation

    Methanol synthesis

    CO2 H2 O CH4

    Recycled synthesis gas

    Off gas methanol

    water

    water

    Higher alcoho Synthesis gas plant

    methanol plant

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