University Department Of Computer Science

GROUP C
Aniket Desai Nilesh Keni Bilal Ahmed Yugesh K. Krishnan

 Operators
A symbol that represents a specific action is an operator. For example, a plus sign (+) is an operator that represents addition. The basic mathematic operators are + addition, - subtraction,* multiplication,/ division.

In addition to these operators, many programs and programming languages recognize other operators that allow you to manipulate numbers and text in more sophisticated ways.

Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide all the Java operators into the following groups:

JAVA Operators

Operator

Arithmetic Operators Relational Operators Bitwise Operators Logical Operators Assignment Operators

Conditional Operators

Arithmetic Operators:
Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra. The following table lists the arithmetic operators:
Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then:
Operator + * Description Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator Example A + B will give 30

Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from A - B will give -10 left hand operand Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of A * B will give 200 the operator

/
% ++ --

Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand

Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder Increment - Increase the value of operand by 1

B / A will give 2
B % A will give 0 B++ gives 21

Decrement - Decrease the value of operand by 1 B-- gives 19

Relational Operators:
There are following relational operators supported by java language. Assume variables A holds 10 and B holds 20 then,

Operator

Description

Example

==
!= >

Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A == B) is not true.
(A != B) is true. (A > B) is not true.

< >=

(A < B) is true.

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or (A >= B) is not true. equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A <= B) is true.

<=

Bitwise Operators: Java defines several bitwise operators which can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte. Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit by bit operation.

&
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 Result 0 0 0 1

|
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 Result 0 1 1 1

^
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
A
0 0 1 1

B
0 1 0 1

Result
0 1 1 0

~
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.
A 0 0 1 ~A 1 1 0

<<
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A= 60 = 0011 1100 A>>2 1111 0000 = 240

>>
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A= 60 = 0011 1100 A>>2 1111 = 15

>>> Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros.
A= 60 = 0011 1100 A>>2 0000 1111 = 15

Logical Operators:
The following table lists the logical operators: Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds false then:

Operator &&

Description

Example

Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are (A && B) is false. non-zero then then condition becomes true. Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands (A || B) is true. are non-zero then then condition becomes true. Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. !(A && B) is true.

||

Assignment Operators:
There are following assignment operators supported by Java language:
Operator = += Description Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand Example C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C C += A is equivalent to C = C + A

-=
*=

Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A from the left operand and assign the result to left operand
Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A

/= %=

C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A

Miscellaneous Operators

instanceof Operator: This operator is used only for object reference variables. The operator checks whether the object is of a particular type(class type or interface type). instanceof operator is written as:
( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)

This operator will still return true if the object being compared is the assignment compatible with the type on the right. Following is one more example: This would produce the result : If the object referred by the variable on the left side of the operator passes the IS-A check for the class/interface type on the right side then the result will be true.
String name = James; boolean result = name instanceof String; // This will return true since name is type of String

Following is the example:

class Vehicle { int i,j; } public class Car extends Vehicle { public static void main(String args[]){ Vehicle a = new Car(); boolean result = a instanceof Car; System.out.println( result); } }

true

Conditional Operator (? : ): Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The goal of the operator is to decide which value should be assigned to the variable. The operator is written as : variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false Following is the example: public class Test { public static void main(String args[]){ int a , b; a = 10; b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30; System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );

b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30; System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );

} }

Following is the example: Value of b is : 30 Value of b is : 20

Operator Precedence

Precedence of Operators:
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator. Here operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedenace operators will be evaluated first.
Category Postfix Unary Multiplicative Additive Shift Relational Equality Bitwise AND Bitwise XOR Bitwise OR Logical AND Logical OR Conditional Assignment Comma Operator () [] . (dot operator) ++ - - ! ~ */% +>> >>> << > >= < <= == != & ^ | && || ?: = += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |= , Left to right Right to left Left to right Left to right Left to right Left to right Left to right Left to right Left to right Left to right Left to right Left to right Right to left Right to left Left to right Associativity

Getting Started with Assignment

 Assignment

Something that has been assigned, such as a mission or task.

 Assignment Statements
An assignment statement is the mechanism for initializing or changing the value stored in a designated segment of memory during the execution of a program.

An assignment statement consists of:

A variable that appear alone on the left side of the statement. The assignment operator =

A constant, variable, or mathematical expression that is located to the right of the assignment operator.

 Assignment Statements
Assigning an immediate constant to a variable.

int x; x=24;

The declaration allocates 4 bytes of memory to the variable x, and assigns the default value 0. The assignment statement changes the value stored in x to 24.

Note! Declaration and asignment can be combined in the single statement. int x = 24;

An assignment statement is used to move (copy) a value from one memory location to another.
int x, y; In the statement y = x; the identifier x appears on the righthand side x=24; of the assignment, and the contents of variable x (24) is assigned to y.

Y=x;

 Assignment Statements
Instead of
sum += term; sum -= term;

sum = sum + term;

sum = sum - term; product = product * factor; quotient = quotient / divisor; rem = rem % divisor index = index + 1;

product *= factor;
quotient /= divisor;

rem %= divisor;
index++;

THE END