Understanding DSCR

Understanding the DSCR or Debt Service Coverage Ratio in Commercial Mortgage Lending
When underwriting a commercial real estate loan, one of the most important factors used to determine the approvability of a commercial mortgage request is the DSCR, commonly referred to as the debt service coverage ratio. The DSCR is a ratio used to analyze the amount of debt that can be supported by the cash flow generated from the property. Or, simply the net income generated by the property divided by the new commercial mortgage payment. In commercial mortgage lending, the DSCR is equivalent to the debt-to-income (DI Ratio) in residential lending. Whereas in residential lending, the income and expenses used in the calculation are the borrower's personal income and expenses, it's the exact opposite in commercial mortgage lending. The income and expenses used in calculating the DSCR ratio are derived from the commercial property. Understanding the DSCR and Commercial Mortgage Lending One of the most frequent reasons a commercial loan is denied is because the property does not meet the commercial lender's minimum DSCR requirements. Understanding how a commercial mortgage lender calculates the DSCR can be helpful to know when applying for a commercial real estate loan, conduit loan, or apartment loan.
A common misconception made by borrowers when apply for a commercial mortgage loan is that the bank or commercial lender only uses the expenses from the property when calculating the NOI. Commercial mortgage lenders use the actual expenses plus additional holdbacks, such as, off-site management, vacancy, replacement reserves, repairs and maintenance, etc. Commercial lenders add these numbers to the expenses for several reasons, including, should the borrower default management fee holdback, should the property lose a tenant(s) -vacancy factor, increase in costs, buffer for unexpected repairs, etc.
Calculating the Debt Service Coverage Ratio - DSCR - DSCR = NOI/Total Debt Service
EXAMPLE: Here is a basic example of how a commercial mortgage lender calculates the
DSCR for a commercial loan request. The lender holdbacks are highlighted in blue, remember these are not actual expenses, but they are deducted from the property's gross income.
Gross Rents $1,000,000 Other Income Total Annual Gross Income $1,000,000 Less 5% Vacancy & Collection Loss $50,000 ________ Effective Gross Income: $950,000 Real Estate Taxes $15,000 Property Insurance $5,000 Repairs & Maintenance $5,000 Pest Control $5,000 Janitorial $5,000 Utilities $5,000 5% Off Site Management Reserve $50,000 Replacement Reserves $0.15 per unit $15,000 Total Operating Expenses: $105,000
Now that we have calculated the NOI, we must calculate the total debt service for the property, or simply determine the commercial mortgage loan payment consisting of only the principal and interest. We do not include the taxes and insurance as they are accounted for in the expenses of the property. To calculate the debt service coverage ratio, simply divide the net operating income (NOI) by the commercial mortgage loan payment. Commercial Loan Size: $10,000,000 First Mortgage Interest Rate: 6.5% Term: 30 Years Annual Payments (Debt Service) = $758,475 Now we can calculate the DSCR: DSCR = Net Operating Income (NOI) = $845,000 Total Debt Service $758,475 DSCR = 1.10 What this example tells us is that the cash flow generated by the property will cover the new commercial loan payment by 1.10x. This is generally lower than most commercial mortgage lenders require. Most lenders will require a minimum DSCR of 1.20x. If a DSCR is 1.0x, this is called breakeven, and a DSCR below 1.0x would signal a net operating loss based on the proposed debt structure. Recently a new breed of commercial lenders,, are offering commercial real estate loans based on a global DSCR. A global DSCR is a ratio that combines both personal and property
income and expenses when calculating the DSCR. This allows for a property with weak cash flow, or a property in a low CAP area, to still qualify for a commercial loan provided the borrower has additional income to combine with or add to the property's NOI.

Understanding DSCR

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Understanding the DSCR or Debt Service Coverage Ratio in Commercial Mortgage Lending

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