Electrolyte Replacement

DISCLAIMER: These guidelines were prepared by the Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center in conjunction with
the Pharmacy Department. They are intended to serve as a general statement regarding appropriate patient care practices based upon the available medical literature at the time of development. They should not be considered to be accepted protocol or policy, nor are intended to replace clinical judgment or dictate care of individual patients.
ADULT ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT PROTOCOLS

SUMMARY Standing electrolyte replacement protocols are available for use in adult patients admitted to Orlando Regional Healthcare hospitals. These are instituted upon direct physician order entry into Sunrise XA. The protocols are listed below. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Intravenous piggyback infusions of electrolytes must be administered with free-flow protected infusion devices (i.e. infusion pump). Patients must meet the following criteria prior to initiation of the Potassium, Magnesium, or Phosphorus protocols: o SCr < 2 mg/dL o Weight > 40 kg The electrolyte replacement protocols, Calcium chloride (Level I areas only) or Calcium gluconate (all levels of care), Magnesium sulfate, Potassium chloride, or Potassium Phosphate, may be ordered individually or in combination. POTASSIUM REPLACEMENT PROTOCOL INTRAVENOUS Recommended rate of infusion is 10 mEq/h Maximum rate of intravenous replacement is 20 mEq/h with continuous ECG monitoring (the maximum rate may be increased to 40 mEq/h in emergency situations see Policy #5080) Standard Concentrations: 10 mEq/50 mL, 10 mEq/100mL, 20 mEq/50 mL and 20 mEq/100 mL o Maximum Concentration for Central IV administration = 20 mEq/50 mL o Maximum Concentration for Peripheral IV administration = 10 mEq/50 mL
Current Serum Potassium Level 3.6 3.9 mEq/L
Central IV Administration
20 mEq IV over 2 HR x 1 20 mEq IV over 2 HR x 1 AND 10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 1 20 mEq IV over 2 HR x 2 20 mEq IV over 2 HR x 2 AND 10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 1 20 mEq IV over 2 HR x 3 Call Physician AND 20 mEq IV over 2 HR x 3
Peripheral IV Administration 10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 2
Monitoring
No additional action
3.4 3.5 mEq/L
10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 3
No additional action Recheck serum potassium level 2 hours after infusion complete Recheck serum potassium level 2 hours after infusion complete Recheck serum potassium level 2 hours after infusion complete
3.1 3.3 mEq/L
2.6 3 mEq/L
2.3 2.5 mEq/L
10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 6 Call Physician AND 10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 6
Recheck serum potassium level 2 hours after infusion complete If both potassium and phosphorus replacement required, subtract the mEq of potassium given as potassium phosphate from + total amount of potassium required. (Conversion: 3 mmols KPO4 = 4.4 mEq K ) Call pharmacy for assistance if needed. < 2.3 mEq/L
Approved 05/29/01 Revised 01/14/08
POTASSIUM REPLACEMENT PROTOCOL ORAL or ENTERAL (PT) Standard dosage forms: KCl 20mEQ tablet or KCl 10% solution (20 mEq/15 mL)
Current Serum Potassium Level 3.7 3.9 mEq/L 3.5 3.6 mEq/L 3.3 3.4 mEq/L 3.1 3.2 mEq/L < 3.1 mEq/L Total Potassium Replacement 20 mEq KCl PO/Per feeding tube x 1 dose 20 mEq KCl PO/Per feeding tube Q2H x 2 doses 20 mEq KCl PO/Per feeding tube Q2H x 3 doses 20 mEq KCl PO/Per feeding tube Q2H x 4 doses Call Physician AND 20 mEq KCl PO/Per feeding tube Q2H x 4 doses Monitoring No additional action No additional action Recheck serum potassium level 4 hours after last oral dose Recheck serum potassium level 4 hours after last oral dose Recheck serum potassium level 4 hours after last oral dose
MAGNESIUM REPLACEMENT PROTOCOL Infusions should be no faster than 1gm of magnesium sulfate every 30 minutes. Standard Concentrations: 1 gm/100 mL and 2 gm/50 mL
Current Serum Magnesium Level 1.5 2 mEq/L 0.9 1.4 mEq/L Total Magnesium Replacement 2 grams Magnesium Sulfate IV over 1 HR 2 grams Magnesium Sulfate IV over 1 HR x 2 doses Call Physician AND 2 grams Magnesium Sulfate IV over 1 HR x 2 doses Monitoring No additional action Recheck serum magnesium level 2 hours after infusion complete Recheck serum magnesium level 2 hours after infusion complete
< 0.9 mEq/L
PHOSPHORUS REPLACEMENT PROTOCOL Replacement must be ordered in mmol of phosphorus. Recommended rate = 3mmol/hr (= 4.4 mEq/h of K) Maximum rate = 10 mmol/hr (= 15 mEq/h of K) Use SODIUM phosphate for patients with serum potassium > 4.5 mEq/L and serum sodium < 145 mEq/L Standard Concentrations: o Potassium Phosphate: 15 mmol/250 mL and 21 mmol/250 mL o Sodium Phosphate: 15 mmol/250 mL, 21 mmol/250 mL, and 30 mmol/250 mL
Current Serum Phosphorus Level
Total Phosphorus Replacement
Monitoring
2 2.5 mg/dL
15 mmol Potassium Phosphate IV over 4 HR
No additional action
1 1.9 mg/dL
21 mmol Potassium Phosphate IV over 4 HR Call Physician AND 30 mmol Potassium Phosphate IV over 4 HR (Administered as: 15 mmol Potassium Phosphate IV Q2H x 2 doses)
Recheck serum phosphorus level 2 hours after infusion complete Recheck serum phosphorus level 2 hours after infusion complete
< 1 mg/dL
If both potassium and phosphorus replacement required, subtract the mEq of potassium given as potassium phosphate from + total amount of potassium required. (Conversion: 3 mmols KPO4 = 4.4 mEq K ) Call pharmacy for assistance if needed.
CALCIUM REPLACEMENT PROTOCOL You must specify the salt form (gluconate or chloride) Calcium chloride: o Reserved for Level I areas only o Must be administered via a central line o Maximum rate = 1 gm IV over 10 minutes Calcium gluconate: o May be used in all levels of care o Administration via a central line is preferred; however, it may be given peripherally with adequate IV access. o Maximum rate = 3 gm IV over 10 minutes Standard concentrations: o Calcium chloride: 1 gm/50 mL, 2 gm/100 mL, 3 gm/150 mL o Calcium gluconate: 1 gm/50 mL, 2 gm/100 mL
Current Ionized Calcium Level 1 1.1 mmol/L 0.85 0.99 mmol/L < 0.85 mmol/L Total Calcium GLUCONATE Replacement 1 gram IV over 1 HR 2 grams IV over 1 HR Call Physician AND 2 grams IV over 1 HR Total Calcium CHLORIDE Replacement (Level I areas only) 1 gram IV over 1 HR 2 grams IV over 1 HR Call Physician AND 3 grams IV over 1 HR Monitoring No additional action Recheck serum ionized calcium 2 hours after infusion complete Recheck serum ionized calcium 2 hours after infusion complete

Electrolyte Replacement

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DISCLAIMER: These guidelines were prepared by the Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center in conjunction with

ADULT ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT PROTOCOLS

Peripheral IV Administration 10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 2

3.4 3.5 mEq/L

3.1 3.3 mEq/L

2.3 2.5 mEq/L

10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 6 Call Physician AND 10 mEq IV over 1 HR x 6

Approved 05/29/01 Revised 01/14/08

< 0.9 mEq/L

Approved 05/29/01 Revised 01/14/08

Total Phosphorus Replacement

15 mmol Potassium Phosphate IV over 4 HR

Approved 05/29/01 Revised 01/14/08

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