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    Chapter 12 SFI

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    Joy Jackson
    - Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1792, which significantly increased cotton production and slavery. The cotton gin and other innovations like the Erie Canal and clipper ships drove economic growth and westward expansion in the early 19th century. - Immigrants from Ireland and Germany came to America in large numbers in the mid-19th century, with the Irish escaping the Potato Famine and both groups fueling industrial growth, though they faced discrimination. - Workers began organizing unions and asserting their rights in the 1840s, with court rulings establishing that forming unions was legal and some women making progress in male-dominated fields like medicine.

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    Chapter 12 SFI

    Uploaded by

    Joy Jackson
    17 views2 pages
    - Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1792, which significantly increased cotton production and slavery. The cotton gin and other innovations like the Erie Canal and clipper ships drove economic growth and westward expansion in the early 19th century. - Immigrants from Ireland and Germany came to America in large numbers in the mid-19th century, with the Irish escaping the Potato Famine and both groups fueling industrial growth, though they faced discrimination. - Workers began organizing unions and asserting their rights in the 1840s, with court rulings establishing that forming unions was legal and some women making progress in male-dominated fields like medicine.

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    - Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1792, which significantly increased cotton production and slavery. The cotton gin and other innovations like the Erie Canal and clipper ships drove economic growth and westward expansion in the early 19th century. - Immigrants from Ireland and Germany came to America in large numbers in the mid-19th century, with the Irish escaping the Potato Famine and both groups fueling industrial growth, though they faced discrimination. - Workers began organizing unions and asserting their rights in the 1840s, with court rulings establishing that forming unions was legal and some women making progress in male-dominated fields like medicine.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    17 views2 pages

    Chapter 12 SFI

    Uploaded by

    Joy Jackson
    - Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1792, which significantly increased cotton production and slavery. The cotton gin and other innovations like the Erie Canal and clipper ships drove economic growth and westward expansion in the early 19th century. - Immigrants from Ireland and Germany came to America in large numbers in the mid-19th century, with the Irish escaping the Potato Famine and both groups fueling industrial growth, though they faced discrimination. - Workers began organizing unions and asserting their rights in the 1840s, with court rulings establishing that forming unions was legal and some women making progress in male-dominated fields like medicine.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Chapter 12 SFI

    Eli Whitney: (Yale graduate): Whitney was onto something made a machine for removing the seeds from cotton; Cotton gin: was born in 1792; because of gin, cotton production soared and slavery boomed once more; new slave trade developed - from coastal South to Southwest; cotton became major export - averaged more than half of export profits by 1860 Preemption Act of 1830: squatters could stake out claims ahead of the land surveys and get 160 acres at $1.25/acre; recognized practice enforced by frontier vigilantes Graduation Act of 1854: prices of unsold lands go down in stages until lands could sell for 12.5 cents/acre after 30 years John Deere: invented steel plow (1837) Cyrus McCormick: invented primitive grain reaper in 1831; sold so fast that he moved to Chicago and built a manufacturing plant; inspired other inventors and manufacturers Lancaster Turnpike: the first long-distance paved road built in the United States; strengthened demand for paved roads Clermont: Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston sent it up the Hudson River to Albany in 1807; first commercially successful steamboat Erie Canal: NY legislature endorsed DeWitt Clinton's dream of connecting the Hudson with Lake Erie (1817); completed in 1825; engineering marvel; longest canal in the world; moved cost of moving freight from $100 to $5; drew business eastward that typically went down South; south was further isolated Clipper Ships: clippers were speed demons -- doubled speed of older merchant vessels; only lasted for less than two decades; originally prompted by the want of Chinese tea, but then by Calis gold rush; lacked ample cargo space Joseph Henry: researched electromagnetism which provided the basis for Samuel F.B. Morse's telegraph and for electrical motors Charles Goodyear: (1844) patented a process for vulcanizing rubber (made stronger and more elastic) Elias Howe: (1846) patented his design of the sewing machine which was improved by Isaac Merrit Singer Samuel Slater: came to US in 1789 with plan of water-powered spinning machine in his head; built a mill in Pawtucket; jumpstarted the American industrial revolution Francis Cabot Lowell: formed the Boston Manufacturing Company where the factory system was already full blown in Waltham, MA; wanted to establish an industrial center compatible with the republican values of plain living and high thinking
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    The Lowell System: made up of mostly young women from New England farm families who wanted to escape/improve their own circumstances; mill owners promised girls' parents that they would have tolerable work, prepared meals, secure homes, and moral discipline, but in actuality it was pretty much the exact opposite; worked sun up to sun down Stephen Foster: composed songs which illustrated myth of happy slaves while reinforcing negative stereotypes -- none used authentic melodies ; famous minstrel show composer (first uniquely American form of entertainment) The Irish: came over after a depression ; potato famine killed more than 1 million peasants; men worked on construction sites, steel mills, warehouses, and shipyards; women as domestic servants, laundresses, or textile workers; few went to the south - work was hard to come by since slavery dominated; people despised the Irish; identified with Democrats; stimulated the growth of the Catholic church The Germans: more educated than the Irish; religiously diverse; settled in more rural areas; migrated in families and groups; produced very successful members of American society (Levi Strauss) Nativism: "natives" resented newcomers; did not like their religious practices; lots of clashes between Protestants and Catholics strong anti-Catholic sentiment; Order of the Star-Spangled Banner (nationalist group) - founded in NY in 1849 and grew into a third party (the American party) Know-Nothing Party: similar to American party; almost achieved major-party status; elected more than 40 congressmen; demanded exclusion of immigrants and Catholics from public office; wanted to extend period of naturalization from 5 to 21 years Commonwealth v. Hunt: (1842) forming a trade union was not illegal; workers could strike if an employer hired nonunion laborers Harriet Hunt: teacher who became a self-taught physician and persisted in medical practice although she was twice rejected for admission by Harvard Medical School Elizabeth Blackwell: gained admission to Geneva Medical College of W. NY; finished top of her class; founded NY Infirmary for Women and Children John Jacob Astor: wealthiest man in America came from humble origins; made a fortune on western fur trade; exemplified rags to riches idea

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