T and D Project Ongc Sip

Download as doc, pdf, or txt
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 44

PROJECT REPORT ON PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

IN

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

MASTERS IN MANAGEMENT STUDIES


(Two years Full Time) Degree course 2010-2012

Miss Jonita Lasrado Roll No: 29 Specialization: Human Resources

University of Mumbai
PTVAs Institute of Management Vile Parle East Mumbai 57

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my profound sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to the management of OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD for having offered me an opportunity to work on this project in their esteemed organization. I extend my special thanks to Mr. K. R. Narayanan, Manager (HR) who gave me a wonderful opportunity to select and work on the project and understand the challenges we face in our career path while dealing with people and complexities of the job. I would also express my sincere thanks to Ms Renuka Nair, Deputy Manager (HR), my mentor for her valuable guidance and inputs which helped me to select and focus my work on this project.

JONITA LASRADO

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT To find out whether training sessions are beneficial to employees To find out which level of employees are imparted with a high preference in training.

HYPOTHESIS Training sessions conducted are beneficial to employees Senior level employees are given high preference in training.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PRIMARY DATA Questionnaire given to 70 employees of ONGC. Total Respondents- 70

SECONDARY DATA Various Websites for training and development and Human resource management were referred and even the ONGC website was browsed. This helped me to gather the information related to my Project.

INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA


64% of the employees agree that training organization considers training as a part of organizational strategy whereas 17% agree to some extent. 57% of the employees believe that training sessions conducted are useful to them. 38% of the employees feel that more training is given to senior staff.

RECOMMNENDATIONS
The training sessions should be well planned; the seating arrangements and all other basic facilities should be properly provided to people attending the training session. Each and every employee in the organization should be equal opportunity for training according to their need so that they can improve their skills. To this end, a comprehensive database is required to be maintained to identify employees who did not receive any training during the past 2 years and to give them preference in forthcoming programmes. All the difficulties faced by the employees during the training session should be solved by the experts present during the training session.

INTRODUCTION OF ONGC

COMPANY PROFILE OF ONGC


Type PSU

Industry Founded Headquarters Key People

Oil and Gas 14th August 1956 Dehradun A.K. Hazarika, CMD

Products

Petroleum Crude oil Aviation turbine fuel[ATF] Liquified petroleum gas[LPG] Superior kerosene oil[SKO] Natural gas

Employees Website

32826 (2010) www.ongc.india.com

ONGCs VISION & MISSION


To be global leader in integrated energy business through sustainable growth, knowledge excellence and exemplary governance practices. World Class Dedicated to excellence by leveraging competitive advantages in R&D and technology with involved people. Imbibe high standards of business ethics and Organizational values. Abiding commitment to safety, health and environment to enrich quality of community life. Foster a culture of trust, openness and mutual concern to make working a stimulating and challenging experience for our people. Strive for customer delight through quality products and services. Integrated In Energy Business Focus on domestic and international Oil and gas exploration and production business opportunities. Provide value linkages in other sectors of energy business. Create growth opportunities and maximize shareholder value. Dominant Indian Leadership Retain dominant position in Indian petroleum sector and enhance Indias energy availability.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN ONGC


ONGCs Human Resource Department is striving constantly to improve efficiency and morale of its workforce through its HR policies and practices. The HR Vision, Mission and Objective Statement of ONGC as mentioned below give clear indication of the companys resolve towards this goal. HR Vision To attain organizational excellence by developing and inspiring the true potential of companys human capital and providing opportunities for growth, well being and enrichment. HR Mission To create a value and knowledge based organization by inculcating a culture of learning, innovation and team working and aligning business priorities with aspiration of employees leading to a development of an empowered, responsive and competent human capital. HR objectives To develop and sustain core values To develop business leaders for tomorrow To provide job contentment through empowerment, accountability and responsibility To build and upgrade competencies through virtual learning , opportunities for growth and providing challenges in job To foster a climate of creativity, innovation and enthusiasm To enhance the quality of life of employees and their families To inculcate higher understanding of SERVICE to a greater cause.

ONGC BRANCHES IN INDIA

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN ONGC

OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT To find out whether training sessions are beneficial to employees To find out which level of employees are imparted with a high preference in training.

HYPOTHESIS Training sessions conducted are beneficial to employees Senior level employees are given high preference in training.

LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for performing the job assigned to him. It is a short-term process. After an employee is selected, placed and introduced in an organization he must be provided with training facilities so that he can perform his job efficiently and effectively. Development is a long-term educational process utilizing an organized and systematic procedure by which managerial personnel learn conceptual and theoretical knowledge for general purpose. It covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also those activities which improves the personality of an employee

TRADITIONAL DEVLOPMENT

AND

MODERN

APPROACH

OF

TRAINING

AND

Traditional Approach Most of the organizations before never used to believe in training. They were holding the traditional view that managers are born and not made. There were also some views that training is a very costly affair and not worth. Organizations used to believe more in executive pinching. But now the scenario seems to be changing. Modern Approach- The modern approach of training and development is that Indian Organizations have realized the importance of corporate training. Training is now considered as more of retention tool than a cost. The training system in Indian Industry has been changed to create a smarter workforce and yield the best results.

PURPOSE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT The purpose of training and development are as follows: To develop entrepreneurship and expertise par excellence through training and retraining To prepare executives to meet the strategic business goals in the fast changing environment To create a learning environment in order to achieve a competitive edge To develop training tools and techniques to facilitate effective learning To organize interactive workshops in upstream industry areas. To strive for continuous improvement in all aspects To inculcate quality consciousness To cultivate creative and innovative thinking Developing multi-craft skills Preparing executives for career advancement Reducing gap between current and expected level of performance through systematic enrichment of knowledge, skills and attitudes. To impart training to all employees to motivate the towards actualization of their potential.

METHODS OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT On the job training/coaching This relates to formal training on the job. A worker becomes experienced on the job over time due to modification of job behaviours at the point of training or acquisition of skills. Induction/orientation This is carried out for new entrants on the job to make them familiar with the total corporate requirements like norms, ethics, values, rules and regulations.

Apprenticeship A method of training where an unskilled person understudies a skilled person. Demonstration Teaching by example, whereby the skilled worker performs the job and the unskilled closely observes so as to understand the job. Vestibule This is done through industrial attachment for the purpose of skills and technology transfer. It is therefore achieved through placement of an individual within another area of relevant work or organization. The effect is the acquisition of practical and specialized skills. Formal Training A practical and theoretical teaching process which could be done within or outside an organization. When training is carried out inside an organization, it is called an in-house training. Off-house training is carried out in professionalized training areas like: Universities

PROBLEMS

WHICH

CAN

BE

SOLVED

BY

TRAINING

AND

DEVELOPMENT Training can solve a variety of manpower problems which militate against optimum productivity. Included are operating problems having a manpower component. These problems can emerge within any groups: except non-except, line and staff, unskilled, skilled, paraprofessional, professional and lower, middle and upper management. These problems differ in natures and yet all have a common denominator, the solution required individual to their appreciative backgrounds specific identifiable items of additional knowledge skill or understanding. Organizationwide, these problems include needs Increase productivity Improve the quality of work and raise morale Develop new skills, knowledge, understanding and attitudes. Use correctly new tools, machines, processes, methods or modifications thereof. Reduce waste, accidents, turnover, lateness, absenteeism, and other overhead costs. Implement new or changed policies or regulations. Fight obsolescence in skills, technologies, methods, products, markets, capital management etc Bring incumbents to that level of performance which meets [100 percent of the time] the standard of performance for the job. Develop replacements, prepare people for advancement, improve manpower deployment and ensure continuity of leadership. Ensure the survival and growth of the organization.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN ONGC An integral part of ONGCs employee centered policies is its thrust on knowledge up gradation and development. ONGC places topmost priority in the development of its HR through quality training. The aim is to equip the employees with the latest skills required to excel in there respective field of operations and to keep them abreast with the latest development in their own trades. As ONGC is itself a very large organization it makes sure that they provide a complete training programme to its employees so that there is overall development of the employees as well as the organization. Training is provided to the employees through ONGC ACADEMY, Institute of petroleum, safety, health and environment (IPSHEM), Institute of Drilling Technology (IDT), Regional Training centre at Panvel, Chennai and Vadodara., Institute of Gas, production and Technology (IOGPT). .

The training institute of ONGC is committed to:


Impart best-in-class training programmes to its employees

Continuously evolve our training programme based on feedback from the participants.

Providing best in infrastructure facilities for the training programmes Focusing training programmes on the emerging business opportunities of the corporation.

FUNCTIONS OF TRAINING INSTITUTES To survey existing workforce to identify present and future training requirements for professional and managerial excellence To prepare career linked training plans for officers keeping in view the job rotations in ONGC To prepare the annual training calendar for the company in consultation the Institute heads and Top Management/ Directors etc with respect to organizational requirements and individual perceptions. To prepare common training syllabi for programs to be conducted by IMD To conduct induction training and training for officers risen from ranks To conduct orientation programs for Geo-scientists and Engineers in emerging technologies To develop SC/ST and women personnel through special programs To co-ordinate training abroad To conduct training related to technology transfer

Induction Training
ONGC Academy specializes in Induction training for Graduate trainee includes General module, Multi-Disciplinary field familiarization training, Functional specialization through classroom lectures centers as well as through 4 week long on-the-job training at ONGCs work centers. There is also a Final evaluation session wherein employees have to make a presentation with respect to their job and a test is also conducted. Trainees emerging out of the Academy are well poised to take on the challenging tasks on difficult operational areas.

ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS


Workshop is organized where key executives or their representatives deliberates in details on all the training needs. Training needs are analyzed by an elaborate process of discussion and deliberations by the key executives. The training needs are communicated to ONGC Academy. Then ONGC Academy prepares the Training calendar for the whole year. The same is circulated to all the key executives. They in turn nominate the employees for the training based on the needs of the concerned employees and taking into consideration their job profile and past trainings. After the training sessions are over feedback is taken from the participants. The same is analyzed and deliberated upon for incorporating improvements for the next trainings.

Training for middle level and senior level executives


ONGC ACADEMY ONGC Academy is premier nodal agency for training and developing human resources. ONGC Academy has an experienced core and visiting external faculty from in- house, industry and top national institutes that possess specialization, experience, institutional affiliation and temperament. Training programs is as per the specific requirements catering to the fresh graduate trainees, middle and senior level corporate executives. Refresher, awareness and exposure courses in the field of geo-science, production and reservoir engineering, engineering technologies and managerial aspects for the national international oil companies are conducted regularly. Programme on joint ventures, negotiations, price risk analysis, cost reduction, advanced petroleum management etc are added features of the training curriculum.

INSTITUE OF PETROLEUM, HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMAENT MANAGEEMENT (IPSHEM) It was established in 1989, with the objective of promoting standards of safety, health and environment in petroleum sector in India. The Institute is committed to upgrade and develop human resources with a view to minimize the overall risk to human life, damage to property, process and the environment. INSTITUTE OF DRILLING TECHNOLOGY (IDT) It was set up in 1978 at Dehradun. It is engaged in relentless effort in R & D and has rendered excellent services in the area of oil and gas well drilling technology. They provide advance technical knowledge through training. The Institute with highly qualified and experienced scientists and engineers carries out applied research in drilling related activities to achieve technical excellence.

INSTITUTE OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY (IOGPT) It was established in 1984 at Panvel. The objective was to improve to improve the economics of operations and boost indigenous hydrocarbon production. This is the first institute in the country to provide integrated R & D support to the entire spectrum of oil and gas production. The Institute has the distinction of providing specialized training to production engineers. IOGPT offers specialized training courses in all the areas of oil and gas production, processing and transportation for technologists and engineers. The Institute has all the state of the art training facilities like classrooms, meeting rooms, information centre.

TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN ONGC Common for all Discipline Management Development/ Quality Management Programmes
Executives Advanced Management Programmes Senior management programmes Corporate Governance Leadership Programmes Basic Regulations for principles employees training for corporate responsibilities Excellence through SMET, HOLSYM and Yoga Techniques Global Managers Skills and competencies to achieve Goals Transformational leadership and organizational building Skill Up gradation Programme for Non GTs Outbound workshop on team building, leadership and interpersonal skills

Safety Programmes
Mandatory Safety Training for Offshore Employees, like HUET (Helicopter underwater Escape Training), SAS (Survival at Sea) Fire Fighting and First Aid Safe Chemical Handling St. John Ambulance First Aid Training Personal Safety & Social Responsibility Fire prevention & First Fight Personal Survival technical

Elementary First Aid (EFA) Health & Safety Awareness Personal Safety & Social Responsibility (PSSR) Quality, Health, Safety, Environment (QHSE) Awareness & Procedures

Health Programmes
Positive Health Development Occupation Health Positive Habits for effective Stress Management Health Awareness Women Empowerment and Positive Health Positive Health & Dietary habits Naturopathy & Yoga

Personality Development Training


Programmes for HR (Soft Skills) Self Development, Team Building & Group Dynamics Empowerment of Women Employees, Self Development, Group Dynamics & Changing Mind Set Presentation Skills Communication Skills Women Empowerment & Positive Health

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Meaning of Research Methodology


Research is a procedure of logical and systematic application of the fundamentals of science to the general and overall questions of a study and scientific technique which provide precise tools, specific procedure and technical rather than philosophical means for getting and ordering the data prior to their logical analysis and manipulation. Different type of research designs is available depending upon the nature of research project, availability of able manpower and circumstances.

Data Collection Methods


The source of data includes primary and secondary data sources. Primary Sources: Primary data has been collected directly from sample respondents through questionnaire. Sample Size- 70 employees Secondary Sources: Various Websites for performance appraisal, training and development and Human resource management were referred and even the ONGC website was browsed. This helped me to gather the information related to my Project. Research Instrument: Research instrument used for the primary data collection is Questionnaire.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION


1. Your Organization considers training as a part of organizational strategy. Do you agree with this statement?
Training as Organisational Strategy Frequency Percent Valid Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat Agree Disagree Total 8 45 12 5 70 11.4 64.3 17.1 7.1 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 11.4 64.3 17.1 7.1 100.0 11.4 75.7 92.9 100.0

45 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 S trongly A gree A gree S om ewhat A gree Dis agree 8 12 5 S eries 1

64% of the employees agree that training is considered as a organisational strategy.

2. The training sessions conducted in your organization is useful. Do you agree with this statement?
Is training session useful Frequency Percent Valid Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat Agree Disagree Total 13 40 16 1 70 18.6 57.1 22.9 1.4 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 18.6 57.1 22.9 1.4 100.0 18.6 75.7 98.6 100.0

40 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 S trongly A gree A gree S om ewhat A gree 1 Dis agree 13 16 S eries 1

57% of the employees agree that training sessions conducted are useful to them.

3. To whom training is given more in organization?


Training given to whom in the organisation Frequency Percent Valid Senior staff Junior staff New staff 27 10 21 38.6 14.3 30.0 15.7 1.4 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 38.6 14.3 30.0 15.7 1.4 100.0 38.6 52.9 82.9 98.6 100.0

All employees who are 11 in need All of the above Total 1 70

30 25 20 15

27 21

10 10 5 0

11

S eries 1

1 S enior S taff Junior S taff New S taff A ll em oly ees A ll the who need A bove

38% of the employees are of the opinion that training is given to senior staff whereas 30% of the employees said that training is given to new staff.

4. Enough practice is given for us during training session? Do you agree with this statement?
Practise given during training session Frequency Percent Valid Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat Agree Disagree Total 4 32 25 9 70 5.7 45.7 35.7 12.9 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 5.7 45.7 35.7 12.9 100.0 5.7 51.4 87.1 100.0

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 4

32 25

S eries 1 9

S trongly A gree

A gree

S om ewhat A gree

Dis agree

45% of the employees agree that enough practise is given during training session whereas 12% disagree with the above statement.

5. What method of training is normally used in your organization?


Method of training Frequency Percent Valid Job rotation External training 7 15 10.0 21.4 7.1 17.1 44.3 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 10.0 21.4 7.1 17.1 44.3 100.0 10.0 31.4 38.6 55.7 100.0

Conference discussion 5 Programmed Instruction All the Above Total 12 31 70

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Job Rotation External Training 7 5 15 12

31

Series1

Conference P rogrammed All the Above Discussions Instruction

21% of the employees are given external training, 10% of the employees are given job rotation whereas 44% of the employees are given different types of training like job rotation, external training, conference discussion etc.

6. Comment on the degree to which the training objectives are met during the training sessions?
Whether training objectives are met Frequency Percent Valid All the objectives are 9 met Some met objectives are 40 19 12.9 57.1 27.1 2.9 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 12.9 57.1 27.1 2.9 100.0 12.9 70.0 97.1 100.0

Met according to need

None of the objectives 2 are met Total 70

40 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 9 2 A ll the S om e objec tives ac c ording to M et None of the objec tives are are m et need objec tives are m et m et 19 S eries 1

57% of the employees have said that some of the objectives are met whereas only 12% of the employees are of the opinion that all their objectives are fulfilled

7. The time duration given for training period is?


Duration of the training Frequency Percent Valid Sufficient 34 48.6 20.0 2.9 28.6 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 48.6 20.0 2.9 28.6 100.0 48.6 68.6 71.4 100.0

To be extended 14 To Shortened Manageable Total be 2 20 70

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

34

20 14 S eries 1

2 S uffic ient To be ex tended To be s hortened M anageable

48% of the employees feel that time duration provided for training session is sufficient only 2% of the employees think that duration needs to be shortened.

8. What are all important barriers to Training and Development?


Barriers to Training Frequency Percent Valid Time Money 28 4 40.0 5.7 34.3 14.3 5.7 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 40.0 5.7 34.3 14.3 5.7 100.0 40.0 45.7 80.0 94.3 100.0

Lack of interest by staff 24 Non availability skilled trainer none Total of 10 4 70

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

28 24

10 S eries 1 4 Tim e M oney 4 Lac k of Non No Interes t by vailability Com plaints A of S taff S k illed Labour

40% of the employees are of the opinion that time is the most important barrier whereas 34% of the employees feel lack of interest by employees is the barrier in training.

9. What are the general complaints about the training session?

General complaints about training by the employees Frequency Percent Valid Too many gaps 17 between the sessions Training sessions are 25 unplanned Take away precious 6 time of employees Boring and not useful none Total 9 13 70 24.3 35.7 8.6 12.9 18.6 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 24.3 35.7 8.6 12.9 18.6 100.0 24.3 60.0 68.6 81.4 100.0

25 20 15 10 5 0 17

25

13 9 6 S eries 1

Too m any Training Tak e awayB oring and No gaps s es s ions prec ious not us efulc om plaints between the are tim e of s es s ions unplannedem ploy ees

35% of the employees feel that training sessions are unplanned whereas 24% of the employees feel that there are too many gaps between training sessions.

10. What training and development do you need to make your career aspirations to come true?

Type of training needed Frequency Percent Valid Percent Valid Leadership Training External degree study Formal meeting procedures Others Total 36 17 5 12 70 51.4 24.3 7.1 17.1 100.0 51.4 24.3 7.1 17.1 100.0 Cumulative Percent 51.4 75.7 82.9 100.0

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

36

17 12 5

S eries 1

Leaders hip E x ternal degree orm al m eeting F Training s tudy proc edures

O thers

36 employees feel that training with respect to leadership should be introduced whereas 12 employees have suggested different methods like Assignment based, new advancement, new technology training, basic training related to respective field, software related training, job oriented training etc 11. Have you ever come across any problem during the training session conducted in your organization?

Problem faced during training session by the employees Frequency Percent Valid Yes No Total 13 57 70 18.6 81.4 100.0 Cumulative Valid Percent Percent 18.6 81.4 100.0 18.6 100.0

Yes 19%

Yes No

No 81%

81% of the employees have never faced any trouble or problem during the training session whereas 19% of the employees faced some or the other problems. Some of the problems faced by the employees are duration is too short for training, training schedule and content was not managed properly during the training session, queries are not addressed by experts, system failures, unplanned sitting arrangements, sometimes topics are not relevant with the course material etc.

RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS

Training process requires proper planning and preparation to avoid wasting valuable employee time and investment in training resources. 1. Training can be made effective by making learning as one of the fundamental values of the company. This philosophy should percolate down to all employees in the organization. 2. It should be ensured that there is proper linkage among organizational, operational and individual training needs 3. Communication plays an important role. It is essential that the trainer effectively communicates the objectives and program outline to the employees attending the training session. 4. Feedback may also be taken from the employees about the training session. It may help the organization to conduct training session more effectively keeping in mind the employees needs. 5. The training sessions should be well planned; the seating arrangements and all other basic facilities should be properly provided to people attending the training session. All the difficulties faced by the employees during the training session should be solved by the experts present during the training session. 6. The training sessions can be made interesting for the employees like for example the employees should be given the opportunity to interact with other employees attending the training session. The employees can be given a particular topic for discussion. When employees have a discussion among themselves new and innovative ideas come into picture. These new ideas may be implemented which may be beneficial for the organization. 7. Each and every employee in the organization should be equal opportunity for training according to their need so that they can improve their skills. To this end, a comprehensive database is required to be maintained to identify employees who did not receive any training during the past 2 years and to give them preference in forthcoming programmes.

LIMITATIONS, CONCLUSION AND BIBILOGRAPHY

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY


The sample that I took does not represent the whole population, as the numbers of employees were very large.

Time constraint is also one of the limitation.

CONCLUSION
ONGC provides induction training to its new employees in ONGC ACADEMY. This helps the new employees to inculcate work culture of the organization. And different kinds of training are given to all employees from time to time according to their need. ONGC is a good example of how it cares for its employees. Efforts are taken on the part of organization so that all the employees get required skills and efficiency so that they can fulfill their responsibilities as per organizational needs.

BIBILOGRAPHY
HR Manual ONGC www.ongcindia.com www.google.com

QUESTIONNAIRE COPY OF THE PROJECT

1. Your Organisation considers training as a part of organisational strategy. Do you agree with this statement? Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat agree Disagree

2. To whom training is given more in organization? Senior staff Junior staff New staff All employees who need training

3. Enough practice is given for us during training session. Do you agree with this statement? Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat Agree Disagree

4. The training sessions conducted in your organization is useful. Do you agree with this statement? Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat agree Disagree

5. What training and development you need to make your career aspirations true? Leadership training External degree study Formal meeting procedures Other (please specify)

6. What are the general complaints of training session? Too many gaps between the sessions Training sessions are unplanned Take away precious time of employees Boring and not useful No complaints

7. The time duration given for training is? Sufficient To be extended To be shortened Manageable

8. Comment on the degree to which training objectives are met during training sessions All the objectives are met Some objectives are met Met according to need None of the objectives are met

9. Have you ever come across any problem during the training session conducted in your organization? Yes No If Yes, what is the problem, what are the relevant steps taken to solve the problem

10. What mode of training is normally used? Job rotation External training Conference discussion Programmed instruction

All the above

11. What are all important barriers to Training and development? Time Money Lack of interest Non availability of skilled trainer No complaints.

You might also like