CHAPTER 9 Homework

CHAPTER 9
In a study, 28 adults with mild periodontal diseases are assessed before and 6 months after implementation of a dental-education program intended to promote better oral hygiene. After 6 months, periodontal status improved in 15 patients, declined in 8, and remained the same in 5.
1.
Suppose there are two samples of size 6 and 7, with a rank sum of 58 in the sample of size 6. Using the Wisconsin rank-sum test, evaluate the significance of the results, assuming there are no ties.
The distribution of white-blood-cell count is typically positively skewed, and assumptions of normality are usually not valid.
2. To compare the distribution of white-blood-cell counts of patients on the medical and surgical services in Table 2.11 when normality is not assumed, what test can be used? 3. Perform the test in the above problem, and report a p-value.
ID NO. DURATION OF HOSP. STAY AGE SEX 1=M 2=F FIRST TEMP FOLLOWING ADMISSION FIRST WBC (X 10^2) following admission RECEIVED ANTIBIOTIC 1=YES 2= NO RECEIVED BACTERIAL CULTURE 1= YES 2=NO SERVICE 1=MED. 2=SURG.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
5 10 6 11 5 14 30 11 17 3 9 3 8 8 5 5 7 4
30 73 40 47 25 82 60 56 43 50 59 4 22 33 20 32 36 69
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1
99.0 98.0 99.0 98.2 98.5 96.8 99.5 98.6 98.0 98.0 97.6 97.8 99.5 98.4 98.4 99.0 99.2 98.0
8 5 12 4 11 6 8 7 7 12 7 3 11 14 11 9 6 6
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
3 7 9 11 11 9 4
47 22 11 19 67 43 41
1 1 1 1 2 2 2
97.0 98.2 98.2 98.6 97.6 98.6 98.0
5 10 10 14 4 5 5
1 2 2 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 2 1 2 1
An investigator wants to test a new eye drop that is supposed to prevent ocular itching during allergy season. To study the drug she uses a contra lateral design whereby for each participant one eye is randomized (using a random-number table) to get active drug (A) while the other eye gets placebo (P). The participants use the eye drops three times a day for a 1- week period and then report their degree of itching in each eye on a 4-point scale (1= none, 2= mild, 3= moderate, 4= severe) without knowing which eye drop is used in which eye. Ten participants are randomized into the study.
Table 7.7 RANDOMIZATION ASSIGNMENT
EYE (A)
subject 1 2 3 4 5 L A P A A P R P A P P A
EYE
SUBJECT 6 7 8 9 10 L A A P A A R P P A P P
4. What test can be used to test the hypothesis that the mean degree of itching is the same for active vs. placebo eyes? 5. Answer the question above using non-parametric methods. 6. Implement the test suggested in the above problem and report a two sided p-value.
TABLE 7.8 Itching scores reported by participants SUBJECT L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MEAN SD N 1 3 4 2 4 2 2 3 4 1 2.6 1.17 10 R 2 3 3 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 2.8 1.03 10 DIFFERENCE (A) -1 0 1 -2 3 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -0.2 1.55 10
Growth during adolescence among girls with diabetes has been shown to relate to consistency in taking insulin injections. A similar hypothesis was tested in adolescent boys ages 13-17. Boys were seen at repeated visits approximately 90 days apart. Their weight and HgbA1c, a marker that reflects consistency in taking insulin injections over the past 30 days, were measured at each visit. People with diabetes have a higher-than-normal HgbA1c; the goal of insulin treatment is to lower the HgbA1c level as much as possible. To look at the relationship between change in weight and change in HgbA1c, each of 23 boys was ascertained during one 90-day interval when HgbA1c change was minimal (i.e., change of <1%) (control of period) and during another 90-day interval when HgbA1c increased by 1% (lack of consistency period); this is a fairly large increase, indicating lack of consistency in taking insulin injections. These data represent a subset of the data in DIABETES.DAT on the companion website. Weight change was compared between these intervals using the following measure.
= (weight change, control period) (weight change, lack-of-consistency period) A frequency distribution of the data sorted in increasing order of is shown in table 9.13. ID NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -12.6 -10.3 -5.9 -5.4 -4.5 -2.7 -1.8 +0.3 ID NO. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2.2 3.5 4.8 5.4 5.8 6.0 6.7 9.6 ID NO. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 MEAN SD N TOTAL 11.5 12.2 13.9 14.2 18.0 18.6 21.7 4.53 9.33 23
7. What test can be used to compare weight change during the control period vs. weight change during the lack-of-consistency period? 8. Answer the question above if we are not willing to make the assumption of normality. 9. Implement the test in the above problem and report a two-tailed p-value.
A study to assess the effect of a low-fat diet on estrogen metabolism recruited 6 healthy women ages 21-32(5). The women were within 5% of their ideal body weight, were not participating in athletics, and were eating a typical American diet. For the first 4 weeks the women were fed a high-fat diet (40% of total calories from fat). They were then switched to a low-fat diet (25% of calories from fat) for 2 months. During the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle (days 5-7), each women was given a sugar cube with [3H] E2 excreted in urine as 16-hydroxylated glucoronides is given in table 9.15. TABLE 9.15 SUBJECT 1 2 3 4 5 6 HIGH-FAT DIET 2.55 2.92 1.71 4.00 0.77 1.03 LOW-FAT DIET 1.27 1.60 0.53 1.02 0.74 0.67
10. What nonparametric test can be used to compare the 16-OHE1 percentages on a high-fat diet vs. low-fat diet? 11. Perform the test in the above problem and report a p-value (two-tailed).

CHAPTER 9 Homework

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 9 Homework

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 9 Homework

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 9

97.0 98.2 98.2 98.6 97.6 98.6 98.0

Table 7.7 RANDOMIZATION ASSIGNMENT

You might also like